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Biomedical subjects

R Breit

Publications and source records attributed to R Breit.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Quality control in epicutaneous testing--reproducibility in the right-left comparison].

In 121 patients, 26 substances of a standard test battery were applied symmetrically on both sides of the upper back. The Finn chamber on Scanpor was the test system used, the final reading being taken on day 3 or 4. Of 166 tests, 131 were positive on both sides. Test substances and patients age had no influence. In comparison with the results in the literature, ours show a good reproducibility of 78.9%. Doubtful reactions (?+) were difficult to evaluate. These reactions deserve future research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection: lack of impact of early diagnosis by stereotactic brain biopsy.

Thirteen patients with HIV-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), representing an institutional incidence of 4.2%, are reported. All cases were diagnosed by image guided stereotactic brain biopsy shortly after their presentation for neurologic complaints. All patients were males; risk factors included homosexual or bisexual activity or intravenous drug use. At the time of presentation with PML, the mean T4 count was 85 (range 9-240 cells/mm3). The most common neurologic symptoms were cognitive dysfunction and aphasia, whereas gait abnormalities and disordered cognition were the most common neurologic signs. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was helpful only to rule out other causes of CNS disease. Magnetic resonance imaging, more sensitive than computed tomography (CT) scanning, typically revealed multiple areas of increased intensity on T2 weighted images although unifocal disease was seen in 23% of patients. Despite early stereotactic biopsy and aggressive symptomatic therapy, survival of these patients was poor with a mean of 2.6 months after the onset of neurological symptoms and 2.0 months after biopsy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[The incidence of atopic symptoms in patients with psoriasis].

Retrospective studies have repeatedly shown that patients with psoriasis rarely suffer from concomitant atopic dermatitis. Recently conflicting results have been published. To see whether the predisposition to psoriasis and that to atopic disease influence each other, we performed a prospective study to investigate the prevalence of atopy in patients suffering from psoriasis. Atopy was diagnosed in 8 of 68 psoriasis patients (11.8%), indicating that its frequency is the same in patients with psoriasis as in the general population. The dynamic aspects of atopic dermatitis, which is mainly a disease of children, and of psoriasis, which is mainly a disease of adults, mean that concomitant manifestation of both entities should be observed in less than 0.01% of the population.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A classical form of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis--successful therapy with PUVA].

Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis was first defined by Ofuji et al. in 1970 [13]. It is reported most frequently in Japanese patients. It is characterized by the repetitive appearance of sterile papulopustular lesions that heal without scarring. Case reports from outside Japan frequently refer to ulcerating inflammation. We describe a classic form of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis in an European, and we show for the first time that the eosinophilic pustular folliculitis responds well to PUVA treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

MRI-guided stereotaxic brain biopsy in neurologically symptomatic AIDS patients.

Two patients with AIDS-related neurologic dysfunction were evaluated with both computed tomographic (CT) brain scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT scans were essentially normal in both patients while MRI revealed focal lesions amenable to brain biopsy. Using newly developed instrumentation, MRI-guided stereotaxic brain biopsy was performed without complication. The benefits and impact of this new technology for the care of neurologically symptomatic AIDS patients is discussed.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1990

Calvarial and skull base metastases: comparison of nonenhanced and Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR images.

Fourteen patients with calvarial metastases were studied with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging before and after intravenous administration of gadolinium diethylenetriamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA) to evaluate the utility of contrast material enhancement for the detection of calvarial metastatic tumor. MR imaging was also performed before and after enhancement in 60 patients for reasons other than evaluation of metastases or calvarial tumor, to determine the apperance of the normal calvaria with enhancement. The normal pattern of fat distribution in the diploic space was typically symmetric. Except for enhancement of diploic veins and meninges near pacchionian granulations, the normal diploic space did not enhance. Calvarial metastases typically enhanced with Gd-DTPA. Enhanced MR images were superior to nonenhanced studies for detecting subtle intradiploic metastases but were inferior to nonenhanced studies for detecting tumor extension into fat-containing areas. Careful comparison of nonenhanced and enhanced MR images is required for complete evaluation of lesions affecting the calvaria and skull base.

Contrast Media↗
PubMed1990

MR imaging of the normal and abnormal clivus.

We retrospectively reviewed 330 T1-weighted sagittal images, 80 T2-weighted sagittal images, and 83 gadopentetate-dimeglumine-enhanced scans of normal adults to determine the MR appearance of the normal adult clivus. MR images of 21 patients with an abnormal clivus (19 with tumor invasion and two with marrow reconversion) were also evaluated retrospectively and compared with those of the control group to assess MR features distinguishing the two groups. Our study revealed that a normal adult clivus consisted of low- and high-intensity portions mixed in various proportions on T1-weighted images. The low-intensity portion was isointense or hyperintense relative to the pons and always contained foci of bright signal intensity. The low-intensity tumor of a pathologic clivus tended to be hypointense relative to the pons (17/19), and was completely devoid of foci of bright signal intensity. The normal adult clivus was approximately isointense relative to the pons on T2-weighted images. Clival tumors were grossly hyperintense relative to the pons on T2-weighted images in 11 of 17 patients. In the remaining six patients, either a portion of or the entire lesion was isointense relative to the pons and, therefore, was not detectable on T2-weighted images. A normal adult clivus can enhance to some degree (19/83). Clival tumors were found to enhance intensely. A clivus of very low signal intensity (signal void) on T1- or T2-weighted images was always abnormal. The clivus with marrow reconversion was uniformly hypointense relative to the pons on T1-weighted images and isointense relative to normal marrow on T2-weighted images. The intensity patterns of the normal clivus on T1- and T2-weighted MR images change predictably with advancing age. Intensity patterns of abnormal clivi differ from those of normal clivi. When contrast material is used, normal and abnormal clivi generally show different patterns of enhancement.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Unusual manifestations of Lyme borreliosis. A contribution to the clinical spectrum of this disease group].

Since the discovery that EM (erythema migrans), ACA (acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans) and BL (borrelial lymphocytoma) have an infectious etiology, these syndromes have been receiving particular attention. This report describes four patients whose dermatological symptoms did not at first indicate borreliosis. In all four cases serological antibody tests proved that they were caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. In two of these cases these findings were confirmed by bacterial cultures. The unusual skin symptoms, i.e. multiple disseminated erythema, erysipelas-like manifestations, swelling and discoloration of the eyelids and lichenoid papules, extend the known clinical spectrum of cutaneous borreliosis in Europe.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Pseudomonas osteomyelitis of the spine. Report of a case not associated with drug abuse.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as a cause of vertebral osteomyelitis, has previously been described as occurring in drug abusers. Various empirical methods of treatment have been employed without good follow-up studies. This case report provides a radiological and clinical evolution of pseudomonas vertebral osteomyelitis together with a successful treatment regimen in a 73 year old man who had spontaneous onset of the disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Volar approach and screw fixation technique for fractures and non-unions of the carpal scaphoid.

Delayed or non-union of the carpal scaphoid may be treated in a variety of ways. This article describes the operative technique and clinical results of a volar approach and screw fixation technique, which offers distinct advantages over other approaches. The volar approach to the scaphoid is simple, safe and rapid. It allows access to the fracture for fixation, the radioscaphoid joint for assessment and the distal radius for the procurement of a bone graft where necessary. Access to the volar aspect of the scaphoid is also biomechanically sound as it allows insertion of a wedge-shaped bone graft into the 'collapsed' area of the scaphoid in established non-unions. Compression screwing of the fracture site has the same advantages of stability and early mobilization that applies in other sites. Our clinical experience in 32 fractures has involved a low complication rate with early return of mobility and activity.

Bone Screws↗
PubMed1985

Candy flavoring as a source of salicylate poisoning.

Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) in the form of candy flavoring was ingested by a 21-month-old male infant who subsequently developed vomiting, lethargy, and hyperpnea. A "swallow" of the solution resulted in a serum salicylate concentration of 81 mg/dL six hours after ingestion. The infant was treated with parenteral fluids and sodium bicarbonate and he recovered rapidly. Hazards associated with salicylate use in this form include lack of parental awareness of the substance's toxic potential, the attractiveness of the candy-like odor, and the availability of the liquid in non-child-resistant packaging containing potentially lethal quantities.

Candy↗
PubMed1985

[Ultraviolet in dermatology: spectra--instruments--possibilities].

Following an historical review on the development of UV therapy, the clinical, histological and molecular changes in human skin by treatment with UV-B, UV-A and PUVA are discussed. Low- and high-pressure mercury arc lamps, with and without filtering, are produced by several manufacturers and are available for UV therapy. Practical hints and rules for treatment are given.

Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation↗
PubMed1984

[The Dermatology department of the Munich-Schabing Municipal Hospital in changing times].

In July 1914 the Department of Dermatology of the newly built municipal hospital of Munich started to work. The department head, Professor Wilhelm Heuck, established social organizations that were ahead of his time. Nevertheless, in 1931 he had to fight the threatened closure of this department that came about as a result of the increasing amount of outpatient treatment in private practice. Two dermatologists of his school became famous: Vonkennel and Kimmig. His successor, Professor August Poehlmann, managed the difficult circumstances during World War II. The hospital had been confiscated by the occupying forces and the dermatological patients were spread over the city in different hospitals. In 1950 Poehlmann was successful in transferring all patients into the Biederstein hospital. In 1955 Curt Böhm moved the dermatological department back to the hospital of Schwabing. The present head, Professor Hans-Jürgen Bandmann, has nicely refined the triad of patient treatment, teaching and research.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1983

Post-traumatic radioulnar synostosis.

There is a paucity of data about post-traumatic radioulnar synostosis, an unusual but serious complication of forearm fractures. Treatment methods have included excision of the synostosis with interposition of soft tissue or synthetic material, excision of the proximal radius, insertion of a screw to distract the radius from the ulna, and a rotational osteotomy of the radius to improve function. In the case of a 28-year-old woman, the treatment was excision of the synostosis, obliteration of the dead space with muscle, prevention of hematoma formation, and early mobilization. The result was an active range of motion of 80 degrees pronation and 60 degrees supination.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Non-pulmonary tuberculosis in Australia.

In 1980, out of 1457 new cases of tuberculosis diagnosed in Australia, 816 occurred in migrants, 343 of whom were Vietnamese refugees. Non-pulmonary tuberculosis comprised about 20% of cases. About 14% of the patients presented first to their local medical practitioner.

Australia↗
PubMed1982

The Langerhans cell: the master key to contact dermatitis: a hypothesis.

A tentative model is presented which is based on existing published data. The model suggests that the epidermal Langerhans cell plays a central role in contact dermatitis by proliferation control of keratinocytes and as the most peripheral outpost of the immune system. Contact dermatitis to chemicals is the injurious expression of a defense mechanism designed phylogenetically against arthropods and insects.

Animals↗