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Biomedical subjects

R Bossé

Publications and source records attributed to R Bossé.

49 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Longitudinal effect of age and smoking cessation on pulmonary function.

Although it is well known that pulmonary function declines with age and that this decline is accelerated by cigarette smoking, it is not as clear what effect smoking cessation has on pulmonary function. The Normative Aging Study, a longitudinal aging study of 2,280 men, has assessed this question. Longitudinal data on smoking and pulmonary function were available on 850 healthy men. Of 452 who smoked at entry to the study, 98 quit during a 5-yr period. There were no significant differences between current and ex-smokers in FVC (p = 0.12) and FEV1 (p = 0.66) at entry into the study. However, significant differences were observed during the 5-yr period in FVC and FEV1 decline between current, former, and never smokers, after adjusting for age and initial pulmonary function. The decrease in FVC for men who quit smoking was significantly less than that for current smokers (p = 0.02). Similarly, FEV1 for former smokers decreased significantly less than for current smokers (p less than 0.001). When multiple regression was performed among former smokers, no significant effects of years since quitting on rate of decrease in FVC and FEV1 were seen. This study suggested a definite and rapid beneficial effect of smoking cessation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Concurrent change in planned and preferred age for retirement.

Studies of older workers' readiness to retire have reported a growing trend toward plans or expectations for earlier retirement. At the same time, other studies have shown that as workers age they prefer progressively later ages for retirement. To clarify the relationship between planned and preferred age for retirement, concurrent trends in the two measures for a single sample of male workers were compared. At two sampling times 10 years apart, a panel of 912 workers (aged 45 to 74 at T2) was asked at what age they planned to retire and at what age they preferred to retire. The pattern of joint change in these two measures showed a dynamic relationship between them. Even though panel members generally preferred to retire sooner than they planned to, preferences were revised (toward later ages) over time and tended to converge with the planned age for withdrawal from work.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Predictors of weight change following smoking cessation.

Smoking behavior and weight change over a 5-year period were studied in 1,749 adult males of the Normative Aging Study. While men who quit smoking generally gained more weight than those in other smoking categories, 36% either lost weight or maintained the same weight after quitting. The major research focus was to predict the direction of weight change after smoking cessation. Among the characteristics most related to weight gain after quitting were heavier tar consumption, younger age, and leanness of body build. Conversely, traits related to weight loss were lighter smoking, older age, and stoutness of build.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Anxiety, extraversion and smoking.

In previous large-scale studies, smoking has been found to be associated either with extraversion or anxiety, though not both. Using a large population of adult American males, anxiety and extraversion scores were examined in groups of never smokers, former light, former heavy, current light and current heavy smokers to test the hypotheses that smokers would be both more extraverted and more anxious than non-smokers. Two independent measures of both traits were used. Heavy current smokers were seen to be significantly higher than non-smokers on both measures of neuroticism or anxiety; there were no differences between groups in extraversion. The small magnitude of reported relations led to the suggestion that future research focus on more meaningful classification of smokers and more specific facets of personality.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Age, smoking inhalation, and pulmonary function.

This study examined the relative effects of age and smoking on pulmonary function. Smoking was measured by six smoking variables, taken singly and as a composite. Subjects were 1,516 male participants in the Normative Aging Study. A stepwise multiple regression with vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1.0) as the criteria accounted for 24.4% and 28.3% of the variance, respectively. Two-way analyses of variance showed that the age decline in pulmonary function was substantially greater for high inhalers than it was for low inhalers or nonsmokers. Age and the inhalation index were also noticeably and independently related to a decline in pulmonary function.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cigarette smoking, aging, and decline in pulmonary function: A longitudinal study.

Three serial spirometric determinations of forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) were performed during a 10-yr period for 268 adult male cigarette smokers, 181 quitters, and 254 who had never smoked. Smokers were further divided into high- and low-tar consumption groups. Spirometric data were analyzed by repeated measures analyses of variance using time (aging) and smoking status as independent variables and age as a covariate. Results indicated that FVC and FEV1.0 were relatd to smoking status. For all age groups, nonsmokers performed best on spirometry, while current smokers performed worst. The decline in FEV1.0 over time was greatest in current smokers, especially the high-tar group. Loss of FVC over time was not influenced by smoking status.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relationship between cigarette smoking, chest size and body size in health-screened adult males.

Previous investigations have shown that chest dimensions and pulmonary function are positively correlated in healthy individuals. It is not known, however, whether the pulmonary effects of cigarette smoking may modify chest size during adulthood. The present study used cross-sectional data from 1557 healthy male participants in the Normative Aging Study of the Veterans Administration Outpatient Clinic, Boston. Because elastic recoil of the lung is decreased in cigarette smokers, we hypothesized that chest circumference would increase while chest expandability would decrease in these individuals. Preliminary analyses showed that smokers differed from non-smokers and former smokers in age, weight and fatness. For this reason, associations of chest dimensions with smoking status were evaluated after statistical correction for age and body size. With men of all ages grouped, chest expansion of smokers was significantly lower than non-smokers, but their chest size and shape were similar. When covariance analyses were performed separately for men under 50 and over 50 years, older smokers were characterized by slightly larger chests than non-smokers or former smokers, though there was no difference among younger men. Results of this study indicate that external chest dimensions of cigarette smokers reflect the pulmonary changes they experience, and demonstrate that a portion of the increased variability in chest measurements seen in older individuals is attributable to cigarette smoking.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Personality and dental care utilization: findings from the VA longitudinal study.

The personality traits of introversion/extraversion and neuroticism were investigated as determinants of the utilization of restorative dental care, controlling for socioeconomic status and restorative need. The VA Dental Longitudinal Study (DLS) provided information on the restorative treatment received by 593 healthy adult males during a 10-year period. Utilization of restorative services was measured by calculating the percentage of surfaces that needed and received treatment, as identified by the DLS examiners by clinical and radiographic examination. Oral examinations were initiated in 1969 with subsequent examinations occurring at approximately 3-year intervals. Personality measures for these individuals were obtained using the EPI-Q, a shortened form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. A plot of neuroticism versus the utilization measure yielded a curvilinear relationship suggesting that participants seeking the most dental care scored moderately on the neuroticism scale while those scoring lowest and highest on this scale sought less treatment. In contrast, the introversion/extraversion scale showed no apparent relationship with dental care utilization. Results from the regression analysis suggest that dentition and socioeconomic status are strong determinants of utilization and that need for restorative treatment influences utilization.

Adult↗