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Biomedical subjects

R Bhatia

Publications and source records attributed to R Bhatia.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Chorionic villi sampling changes maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein.

Second trimester amniocentesis has traditionally been utilized for prenatal genetic diagnosis. Chorionic villi sampling (CVS) is presently offered as an alternative. The occurrence of fetomaternal bleed (FMB) during CVS could increase the rate of post sampling abortion and, additionally, be of significance in patients at risk for isoimmunization. Detection and quantitation of FMB can be accomplished by the determination of changes in maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) before and after CVS.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunologic and immunogenetic studies in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease.

In order to evaluate all the important limbs of the immune system in the same patient population with rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) cellular and humoral immune parameters as well as the immunogenetic profile in 265 North Indian patients with RHD were evaluated. They were studied for class in HLA antigens and 165 of them were also evaluated for the class II (DR locus) antigen profile. Data obtained was compared with 400 and 134 healthy controls respectively of the same ethnicity. Humoral immune parameters (Serum immunoglobulins IgG, IgA; Serum complement fractions C3, C4, C3d; circulating immune complexes and B lymphocyte numbers) and cellular immune parameters (total leucocyte and lymphocyte counts; T lymphocyte sub-populations--CD4, CD8 counts; lymphocyte migration inhibition to an extracellular streptococcal antigen, streptolysin 'O') were studied in 23 patients with RF, 21 patients with "inactive" RHD and 20 normal controls. Patients of RHD were noted to have an increased frequency of DR3 (P less than 0.001; Relative risk = 2.3) and a decreased frequency of DR2 (P less than 0.001; Relative risk = 0.3) as compared to the controls. Patients of RF had evidence of an altered regulatory T cell function (increased CD4/CD8 ratio) and decreased cell mediated immunity to streptolysin 'O'. An increased humoral immune response (increased B cell counts, elevated serum IgG, circulating immune complexes and C3d) was noted in patients of RF as well as "inactive" RHD. An integrated pathogenetic model with immune response associated antigens of the DR locus influencing selection of cardiac cross-reactive antigens by the antigen processing macrophages, an altered regulatory T cell function with decreased suppressor T cell activity leading to an abnormal immune response is proposed to explain the pathogenesis of RF.

HLA Antigens↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A survey on community perceptions of jaundice in east Delhi: implications for the prevention and control of viral hepatitis.

Using senior health professionals as interviewers, a 30-cluster sampling survey was carried out to investigate community perceptions of pilia (the local word for jaundice) in east Delhi (India). Of 416 persons (mostly mothers of children aged < 2 years) interviewed, 339 (81%) were aware of pilia as an illness. Only 322 (77%), 164 (39%), 73 (18%) and 71 (17%) people knew about correct symptoms, dangers, causes and prevention of pilia. Most of the correct responses were related to the faeco-orally transmitted viral hepatitis. Literate respondents were significantly more aware of pilia (chi 2 52.81, P < 0.0001), its symptoms (chi 2 48.88, P < 0.0001), causes (chi 2 39.34, P < 0.0001), dangers (chi 2 19.3, P = 0.0007), and prevention (chi 2 60.8, P < 0.0001). However, age of the respondents had no significant bearing (P > or = 0.05) on the correctness of responses. About 293 (70%) subjects considered pilia as a treatable illness; of them, 193 (66%) and 77 (26%) respectively expressed their preference for the 'modern' and indigenous systems of medicine for its treatment. In contrast, 110 (38%) respondents said that they would prefer faith healers for the treatment of pilia. Although only 31 (7%) persons were aware of a vaccine against pilia (hepatitis B vaccine), virtually all agreed to have their children immunized if such a vaccine were made available. The study underscores the usefulness of pilia in lay-reporting of viral hepatitis and epidemiological studies on jaundice-associated illnesses and the need for educating the community about its causes and prevention to increase people's participation in controlling viral hepatitis and other diseases that mainly manifest as jaundice.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liposomes as a model for studying the effect of UV radiations on biomembranes.

Sonicated vesicles prepared from lecithin and rat brain or liver lipid extracts were exposed to ultraviolet radiations (UV), and the formation of thiobarbituric acid reactive products of lipid peroxidation were followed. Long range UV (UVA) was found to be more active than short UV (UVC). Incorporation of different amounts of pure Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, caused a consistent increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive products in the case of UVC, but with UVA, higher doses were inhibitory. Incorporation of alpha-tocopherol into the vesicles, helped to entrap more calcium ions within the dialysed liposomes, but UV exposure did not significantly influence calcium leakage. Liposomes appear to be convenient in vitro models for studying the phototoxic effects mediated through active oxygen species, membrane damage and altered calcium fluxes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health education.

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Ambulatory Care Facilities↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vulnerable plaques, inflammation and newer imaging modalities.

Currently, inflammation is considered to be the central player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. It leads to the formation of multiple plaques in the arterial beds including coronary vasculature. Recent studies using the latest imaging techniques have shown that in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) multiple plaques are ruptured and have thrombus formation on them. Various factors make these plaques unstable, these include structural components of plaque like thin fibrous cap, high lipid content of the plaque core and inflammation, both localized and generalized. It has been shown that most of the ACS are caused by plaques causing non-critical stenosis as seen on traditional X-ray angiography. Also, the phenomenon of remodelling makes angiography a poor technique for plaque visualization. Hence newer modalities are required to identify these "vulnerable plaques". Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), thermography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are a few such promising techniques. Here we review the invasive and non-invasive modalities that can be helpful in the identification of these plaques before they become unstable and cause ACS, and also the available therapies to stabilize these plaques.

Angioscopy↗