Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Bhargava

Publications and source records attributed to R Bhargava.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Chest radiographic features of thoracic metastatic disease in adolescents with colon cancer.

This study describes chest radiographic features of thoracic metastatic disease (TMD) in patients referred for colon cancer to a pediatric oncology hospital. The study group was comprised of 9 patients (7 males, 2 females, age 13-19 years) with serial chest radiographs demonstrating TMD from colon cancer. All patients had a chest radiograph performed within the 2 months prior to death. The median interval from diagnosis of colon cancer to appearance of radiographic TMD was 3 months. Four of nine patients had TMD at presentation, eight of nine patients within 2 years of diagnosis. All abnormalities progressed on serial radiographs. The median interval from appearance of radiographic abnormalities to death was 2 months. Radiographic findings included pleural effusions (n = 6), lymphadenopathy (n = 5), lymphangitic carcinomatosis (n = 4), solitary pulmonary nodule (n = 2), and lobar atelectasis (n = 1). Five patients with pleural effusions initially had right-sided effusions. Radiographic TMD in adolescents with colon cancer usually occurs within 2 years of diagnosis. Once TMD manifests, the prognosis is dismal. Findings include pleural effusions, lymphadenopathy, lymphangitic carcinomatosis, solitary pulmonary nodules, and lobar atelectasis. We suggest that metastatic colon carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis for lymphangitic spread of tumor in adolescents.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

Systemic arterial supply to the lung without sequestration: an unusual cause of hemoptysis.

Systemic arterial supply to the lung without sequestration is an unusual vascular anomaly in which a portion of normal lung tissue is supplied by an artery arising from the aorta. This entity shares some features with bronchopulmonary sequestration and hypogenetic lung (scimitar syndrome) but has unique imaging features that allow preoperative diagnosis. The authors describe such a case in a 21-year-old man who presented with hemoptysis.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Antenatal unilateral hydrocephalus.

Fetal ventriculomegaly usually involves both lateral ventricles. If dilatation of the dependent lateral ventricle is seen, it might be assumed that the condition is bilateral and symmetric and that reverberation artifact is obscuring the ventricle nearer to the transducer. However, unilateral hydrocephalus can occur, though rarely and usually as a result of unilateral obstruction of the foramen of Monro. Careful attention to visualization of the obscured hemisphere is emphasized. In the patient described here the condition was associated with frontoethmoidal encephalocele.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prenatal demonstration of a cervical myelocystocele.

Myelocystocele is a rare spinal cord disorder and has not been described prenatally. We report a case in which prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a posterior cervical mass which was initially thought to be a meningocele or an atypical cystic hygroma. Surgery performed at 1 day of age showed this to be a myelocystocele. Therefore, the differential diagnosis of an extracranial cystic mass in the posterior cervical region should be expanded to include myelocystoceles.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of coxsackieviruses in clinical samples and its comparison with dot-immunobinding assay.

Indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied for the direct detection of coxsackieviruses in clinical samples viz. rectal swabs (RS) and throat swabs (TS) collected from patients admitted to various nursing homes and local hospitals. Results indicate the presence of different CVA types in 65 (62.5%) out of 104 RS, and 18 (52.9%) out of 34 TS samples. Dot-immunobinding assay was also standardized for the identification of CVA types employing 52 RS samples and the results compared with indirect ELISA. Dot-immunobinding detected more CVA types in a relatively larger number of specimens than indirect ELISA.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1991

Contrast venography in patients with very edematous feet: use of transdermal illumination to aid in vein puncture.

Contrast venography can be technically difficult or impossible in patients with very edematous feet. The authors report a simple technique that uses transdermal illumination of the edematous subcutaneous tissue to enable visualization of a vein and also guide the needle into the vein. This technique has been used successfully in eight patients in whom conventional attempts at vein puncture had failed.

Edema↗
PubMed1991

Water intoxication: a complication of pelvic US in a patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.

A woman was first seen with water intoxication caused by the voluntary ingestion of water in an attempt to fill her bladder before undergoing pelvic ultrasound (US). As in two other reported cases, this woman was receiving medication that causes the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. A patient undergoing transabdominal pelvic US who is receiving these medications and whose bladder is not full should undergo examination by means of a transvaginal or endorectal route.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Renal uptake of Tl-201 in hypertensive patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging.

The detection of renovascular disease (RVD) has particular relevance in hypertensive patients (HP) who have symptoms of target organ damage. To evaluate the possibility of RVD in HP undergoing myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for chest pain symptoms, posterior renal images were obtained at 1-3 hours after Tl-201 injection. Analog and computer images were obtained for 5 minutes in 45 HP; 12 patients with no history of hypertension or renal disease served as normal controls. For qualitative analysis, images were coded and read by three observers as to symmetry of renal uptake. Differential renal uptake of Tl-201 (DRU) was quantitated on computer images. In normal controls, uptake was agreed on as symmetric. In HP, 6 patients had marked asymmetry of DRU and 4 had possibly significant asymmetry; 2 had decreased uptake in both kidneys suggesting bilateral RVD or nephrosclerosis. Objective correlation with DRU was obtained in 10 HP who had contrast angiography, confirming 4 cases of unilateral RVD and 2 of bilateral RVD. Thirteen patients also had renography with Tc-99m DTPA; differential renal function by this modality correlated well with DRU of Tl-201 (r = 0.98). Thus, DRU of Tl-201 can be used as a supplement to myocardial scintigraphy to identify HP who require further evaluation and treatment of RVD.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Alteration in the levels of pyrazinamide in pleural fluid following simultaneous administration of prednisoline in patients of tubercular pleural effusion.

20 Patients of tuberculous pleural effusion were administered a combination of pyrazinamide (30 mg/kg) + isoniazid (300 mg) orally for 7 consecutive days and pyrazinamide was estimated by spectrophotometric method in serum and pleural fluid. Prednisolone was added to the above regimen for next 7 consecutive days and pyrazinamide was again estimated. The level of pyrazinamide in pleural fluid was 23.4 +/- 1.2 (micrograms/ml). Following addition of prednisolone the level increased (27.6 +/- 1.3) significantly (P less than 0.001). The serum pyrazinamide level was not influenced by simultaneous administration of prednisolone. The pleural fluid/serum pyrazinamide ratio was increased from 0.465 to 0.542 by the addition of prednisolone to therapeutic regimen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Screening for a renovascular etiology in hypertensive patients undergoing myocardial scintigraphy: differential renal thallium-201 uptake.

In hypertensive patients with target organ damage the search for possible etiologic factors may be particularly relevant. To evaluate renal symmetry, differential renal uptake of thallium-201 was quantified on renal images at 30 mins to 3 h after tracer injection in 112 hypertensive patients undergoing myocardial perfusion scintigraphy for chest pain. In some patients, renal angiographic status was known at the time of thallium-201 scintigraphy (n = 10), or disease was highly suspected (failed angioplasty, n = 6); the remainder (n = 96) were 'screened' for renovascular disease by renal thallium-201 imaging; 32 normotensive patients with no history of renal disease served as controls. Validation of thallium-201 renal imaging was obtained in a total of 17 hypertensive patients who had correlating contrast angiography, confirming eight cases of unilateral or asymmetric bilateral renovascular disease. Renography with technetium-99m DTPA was performed in 28 patients; differential renal function according to this modality correlated well with differential renal uptake of thallium-201 (r = 0.98). Of the screened hypertensives, eight had marked asymmetry of differential renal uptake and eight had possibly significant asymmetry. Renal thallium-201 imaging provided the first evidence of asymmetric renal perfusion in four cases subsequently confirmed by abdominal angiography. In addition, four post angioplasty cases had persistent or progressive asymmetry of renal perfusion disclosed by this technique. Thus, ancillary renal imaging with thallium-201 can be used to identify hypertensive patients who should be considered for renal angiographic evaluation.

Heart↗
PubMed1983

Chloramphenicol stimulates acid phosphatase activity in germinating cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) embryos.

Low dosages of chloramphenicol (25-50 micrograms/ml) brought about a 2-4-fold stimulation of acid phosphatase activity in 48 h-germinated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) embryos. However, at high concentrations of chloramphenicol (100-1000 micrograms/ml), there was a progressive decline in enzyme activity. The stimulatory effect of the drug on acid phosphatase activity was relatively specific, since no significant stimulation of activities of proteinase, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, o-diphenolase and peroxidase was observed in germinating cotton embryos. Chloramphenicol, however, did promote the activities of isocitric lyase and alkaline phosphatase. Sephadex G-200 chromatography of the enzyme fraction revealed high (230 000)- and low (106 000)-molecular-weight multiple forms of acid phosphatase in the chloramphenicol-treated embryos, in contrast with a single molecular form (mol.wt. 106 000) in the untreated embryos. Thus the treatment of cotton embryos with chloramphenicol induced both a qualitative and a quantitative change in the acid phosphatase activity. Chloramphenicol-stimulated acid phosphatase activity was strongly inhibited when Pi was included in the germination medium. However, the control embryos showed less pronounced inhibition of enzyme activity in presence of Pi ions.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1972

Central adrenoceptors concerned in the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

The effect of injecting the alpha-adrenoceptor stimulating drugs adrenaline, noradrenaline and phenylephrine and the beta-adrenoceptor stimulating drug, isoprenaline into the lateral ventricles (i.c.v.) of the brains of dogs on the plasma cortisol concentration was investigated. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and phenylephrine produced a significant rise in the plasma cortisol concentration. Isoprenaline had no effect on the plasma cortisol concentration. The effect of noradrenaline and phenylephrine on the plasma cortisol concentration was completely blocked by yohimbine (i.c.v.). This indicates that the stimulation of central alpha-adrenoceptors can cause the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging evaluation of osteosarcoma response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Assessment of osteosarcoma response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy has prognostic implications, but conventional imaging techniques have been unable to provide an accurate quantitative measure of tumor response. We developed an analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging (DEMRI) to render an image of dynamic vector magnitudes (DVM) and to summarize the result in a quantitative parameter, mean DVM for the lesion (mu DVM). We compared the mu DVM from the examination before surgery with histologic results from an en bloc resection of the tumor in 19 cases. The final mu DVM value provided an accurate (89.5%) measure of tumor necrosis in osteosarcoma. Further, we analyzed the findings in 17 patients with osteosarcoma who completed three DEMRI examinations during the course of therapy. Tumors with higher mu DVM values at presentation had greater decreases in the parameter over the course of therapy. These results are consistent with the distribution of DVM values in these lesions serving as an indicator of tumor perfusion and a possible surrogate variable for drug delivery.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychotherapy improves compliance with tuberculosis treatment.

BACKGROUND: Low treatment completion rate in tuberculosis (TB) patients is a major concern. Physicians have always been striving for better treatment adherence in such patients. The present study is one such attempt in this direction. OBJECTIVES: The study was aimed to evaluate the role of behavior modification by psychotherapy in improving compliance with short-course anti-TB chemotherapy in India. METHODS: It was a prospective controlled trial involving patients with confirmed pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB enrolled in the National Tuberculosis Program. The intervention group underwent pretreatment psychological assessment followed by regular psychotherapy sessions. RESULTS: The intervention group had a demographic profile comparable to that of the control group. The patients were mostly from low- and middle-income backgrounds from urban and semi-urban areas. They consistently showed poor knowledge about the nature of the disease, low motivation, and had considerable apprehensions. Following the sessions, the intervention group showed improved compliance compared with the control group, reflected in significantly higher treatment completion and cure rates. CONCLUSIONS: The study suggests that psychological intervention is effective in improving compliance with anti-TB treatment, and may reduce the incidence of treatment failure, relapse and drug resistance.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health profile of lock factory workers in Aligarh.

In order to assess the health problems and its relationship to the nature of work of lock factory workers, a field based cross sectional study was carried out in sixty randomly selected lock factories in urban industrial areas of Aligarh city. Nine hundred fifty seven lock factory workers were included in the study out of them 45.7 percent were found to be suffering from one or more than one diseases. Detailed study of the workers showed that 73.05 percent were suffering from respiratory tract diseases, a majority of them having upper respiratory tract infection. Diseases showed a definite trend either increasing (Chronic bronchitis, Emphysema etc) or decreasing (upper respiratory tract infection, Bronchial asthma, Injuries & accidents), according to the age and duration of work. Polishing & filing appeared to be the most hazardous type of the work as shown in the proportion of chest diseases, (56.6%) & (38.3%) in polishing & filling workers respectively.

Adolescent↗