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Biomedical subjects

R Bernstein

Publications and source records attributed to R Bernstein.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Heat balance of the partridge Alectoris chukar exposed to moderate, high and extreme thermal stress.

1. The capacity of the chukar partridge, Alectoris chukar to withstand extreme environmental temperatures (up to 52 degrees C) was investigated. Under moderate conditions average resting values were: body temperature 40.7 degrees C, oxygen consumption (SMR) 0.74 ml O2 STP/g hr, evaporative water loss (EWL) between 1.28-4.02 mg H2O/g/hr and tidal volume (calculated) was 4.6-6.7 ml per breath. 2. At high air temperatures a rapid (582/min) shallow panting resulted in minute volume increase of about eight times, accompanied by twelve times augmentation in EWL. 3. Water evaporation reached 12.1 and 15.5 mg H2O/g/hr, these correspond with 162 and 182% of metabolic heat production at 45 and 48 degrees C Ta. 4. During long term exposure (270 min) to temperature extremes, birds could regulate Tb's of 43.7 and 44.7 degrees C at 45 and 48 degrees C respectively. No partridge could survive 270 min (r.h. = 10%) at 52 degrees C Ta. 5. The present study leads us to suggest that the partridge exposed to extreme heat stress cannot dissipate via water evaporation the entire heat which accumulates in the body. Therefore the bird has no choice but to use behavioral mechanisms, for dry heat dissipation. 6. The synchronized use of both evaporative and behavioral mechanisms may be essential for the partridge and its relatives, to withstand the extreme thermal stress prevalent in hot dry deserts.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

A study of dermatitis in trona miners and millers.

Trona (sodium sesquicarbonate) is mined from an underground deposit in Wyoming and processed for use in the manufacture of glass, paper, and detergents, and in chemical applications. Trona dust is alkaline (pH 10.5) and may have an irritant effect on the respiratory airways, mucous membranes, and the skin. One hundred forty-two underground miners and 88 surface workers from one trona facility participated voluntarily in an epidemiologic and clinical study. Their mean age was 37.6 and their mean working period, 10.0 years. One half of the study participants complained of skin symptoms; dermatologic symptoms increased from twofold to fifteenfold after the subjects began trona mining. Trona dermatitis consists of pruritic, erythematous, raised, dry, and fissured lesions commonly affecting the hands, arms, and legs. A dose-response relationship was observed among underground workers. Patch testing with 10% aqueous trona and sodium carbonate was negative, suggesting that the dermatitis was primarily irritant in nature.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels in the 45,x (Turner syndrome) fetus with cystic hygroma. Case reports.

A 45,X fetus with cystic hygroma, associated with an elevated amniotic alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (greater than 80 microgram/ml). Is described, as are macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of this fetus and two other female fetuses with cystic hygroma. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of fetal cystic hygroma is discussed. The association of a high amniotic AFP level with cystic hygroma is considered. The relationship between cystic hygroma and pterygium colli in liveborn infants with Turner syndrome, and the evolution of neck webbing, as seen in the adult with turner syndrome, is also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Studies of cervical caps: I. Vaginal lesions associated with use of the Vimule cap.

Prior to investigating the contraceptive efficacy of cervical caps, we undertook a preliminary study to evaluate potential side effects of these devices. Women who had not previously used a cap were randomly assigned to wear either a Vimule or Cavity Rim Cap (CRC) for as long as seven days. The Vimule cap caused lesions of the portio vaginalis ranging from erythematous impressions to abrasions and frank lacerations. There was variation in the degree of trauma depending, in part, on the size of the cap and duration of wear. Disruption of the epithelium occurred in eight of twelve Vimule users, but the lesions were sometimes difficult to see owing to their location. CRCs were worn by 20 women. This device sometimes left a "suction ring" on the cervix but did not disrupt the epithelium. Two of three long-term users of the Vimule cap who were also studied had unusual formations of the vaginal mucosa suggesting a proliferative reaction to chronic irritation. It is recommended that all women using a Vimule Cap be carefully re-examined and counseled about further use of the device according to the findings of the examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Karyotype analysis in acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL): comparison with ethnic group, age, morphology, and survival.

The karyotype, leukemia cell morphology (FAB classification), ethnic group, age, sex, and survival were compared in 60 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL), to determine their diagnostic and prognostic significance. An ethnic age difference was observed; a significantly greater number of black patients were children. The majority of children were males. A higher frequency of chromosome abnormalities was detected in children, yet they survived longer than adults. A specific, significant association between a (8; 21) karyotype and M2-ANLL was confirmed; four of ten patients with M2-ANLL showed this translocation. The more mature morphology of M2-ANLL was associated with a longer survival irrespective of karyotype, ethnic group, and age. The specificity of t(15; 17) in M3-ANLL and nonrandom monosomy 7 in preleukemic children was confirmed. Patients, particularly adults, with normal karyotypes tended to survive longer than those with abnormal karyotypes. The patient's age and the differentiative capacity of the leukemic cell appear to be as important as the karyotype in determining survival. The nonrandom association of certain chromosome aberrations in ANLL appears to be worldwide.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Congenital ingrown toenails: clinical significance.

The great toenails of 302 newborn infants were evaluated to identify a specific conformation which might predispose these children to chronic paronychia. Forty-one infants who appeared to have great toenails impeded by tissue distally were followed for 12 months. All had essentially normal appearing nails by six months of age. None developed chronic paronychia. The results suggest that the changes originally noted were variations in the normal development of the great toenail.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Chronic renal failure due to Takayasu's arteritis: recovery of renal function after nine months of dialysis.

A twelve year old boy presented with sudden onset of severe hypertension and oligo-anuria. A diagnosis of Takayasu's Arteritis was made by aortography which demonstrated irregular narrowing of the lumbar aorta and renal arteries. Severe renal insufficiency necessitated maintenance hemodialysis. Hyperreninemic hypertension was intractable despite aggressive dialysis and multiple drug therapy. Renal biopsy after eight months of dialysis showed preservation of glomerular architecture. After nine months GFR improved spontaneously to 32 ml/min/1.73 m2 despite no improvement in his hypertension. This case report emphasizes the remarkable ability of renal parenchyma to recover function after sustained ischemia.

Aortic Arch Syndromes↗
PubMed1981

The Y chromosome and primary sexual differentiation.

The mammalian Y chromosome plays a dominant role in initiating fetal testicular differentiation. Testicular differentiating genes on the Y chromosome can be serologically detected as H-Y antigen. The correlation of numerical and structural abnormalities of the X and Y chromosomes, combined with H-Y antigen reactivity, gonadal histology, and phenotype, has contributed to mapping the locus of these genes on the Y chromosome and has elucidated some of the mechanisms responsible for anomalous primary sexual differentiation. The causes for failure of gonadal differentiation despite the presence of a Y chromosome or for testicular differentiation in the absence of a detectable Y are discussed. Evidence is presented for genes on the X chromosome that regulate the activity of testicular differentiating genes on the Y chromosome.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1981

Human inherited marker chromosome 22 short-arm enlargement: investigation of rDNA gene multiplicity, Ag-band size, and acrocentric association.

The banding characteristics of an extreme variant familial chromosome 22 short-arm enlargement are described. Ag-AS staining for nucleolar-organizer regions, identified two areas of rDNA actively coding for 18S and 28S rRNA, the one being a broad distal Ag-band and the other a narrower centromeric Ag-band. The DNA in the major portion of the enlarged short arm was highly methylated, as shown by the binding of antibodies to 5-methylcytidine after UV-denaturation of chromosomal DNA. Mean Ag-band size on the aberrant 22p+ correlated with the mean number of 22p+ associations. Association of 22p+ was no greater than that of other acrocentrics, in spite of a presumed excess number of rDNA gene copies. This case represents only the second such normal variant defined by these techniques.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1981

Ataxia telangiectasia with evolution of monosomy 14 and emergence of Hodgkin's disease.

A young woman, with ataxia telangiectasia (AT) had a chromosomally abnormal T-lymphocyte clone detected at 23 years of age. This clone showed nonrandom loss of chromosome # 14, a karyotypic abnormality not previously described in AT. Eighteen months later, evolution of the monosomic clone was noted; the karyotype of this latter clone was 45,XX,-14,del(6) (q21). The patient died of Hodgkin's disease of mixed cellularity type, Stage IIIB, a few months later. A striking histological features of a lymph node biopsy was the presence of numerous epithelioid histiocytes. The patient's paternal first cousin also suffers from AT.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Systemic lupus erythematosus in childhood.

The clinical and serological features have been analysed retrospectively in 42 patients with an onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) up to 16 years of age. Thirty-seven (88.1%) were female and 5 (11.9%) male. The mean age of onset was 12.3 years (range 7-16); 11 patients were 10 years or under. The mean duration of disease from diagnosis was 7.1 years (range 6 months-25 years). There were 6 deaths, 3 from infection, 2 from renal failure, and 1 from heart failure. Survival was calculated both from the date of onset and from the date of diagnosis. With the latter the estimated overall survival at 5 years was 82.6% and at 10 years 76.1%. The survival for patients with lupus nephritis was 59.5% at 5 years and 47.6% at 10 years. These data suggests that SLE in childhood is not necessarily associated with a poor prognosis, though renal involvement is still serious. There appeared to be no major differences between prepubertal, adolescent, and adult SLE with respect to clinical and serological findings.

Adolescent↗