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R Berger

Publications and source records attributed to R Berger.

At least 577 records · Page 32Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Constitutional C-band polymorphism in lymphocytes from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.

The C-band heterochromatin polymorphism of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 was studied in lymphocytes from 53 patients with Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and 183 control persons. The patients had significantly larger heterochromatic blocks on chromosome 16 (p less than 0.01) and fewer partial inversions of chromosome 9 (p less than 0.05) than the control persons, whereas no differences were found for the symmetry/asymmetry pattern. We suggest that the increased constitutive heterochromatin regions may, via sister chromosome exchange, facilitate homo- or hemizygotization of genes which favor neoplasia development and/or progression.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1989

No abnormal C-band polymorphism in lung cancer patients.

The C-band heterochromatin polymorphism of chromosomes 1, 9, and 16 was studied in lymphocytes from 52 lung cancer patients and 183 control persons. No significant differences between the controls and patients were found regarding heterochromatin block size, the frequency of partial and total inversions, or the symmetry/asymmetry pattern.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1989

Dietary cholesterol and fats at a young age: do they influence cholesterol metabolism in adult life?

The effects of dietary cholesterol and fats on cholesterol metabolism later in life were studied in Mongolian gerbils. Three groups were given a basic diet with soybean oil, palm kernel oil amounting to 8.75% (w/w), or the basic diet only. In three other groups, cholesterol (0.05%) was added to the above diets. Measurements were done in animals of the third generation on the diets. On all diets, teh serum cholesterol of the sucklings was increased as compared to the young that were suckled by mothers on the basic diet only, while body cholesterol was highest in sucklings of mothers on the basic diet or palm-kernel-oil-enriched diets. When the diets were replaced by the basic diets at 6 months of age, serum cholesterol was still increased at 12 months of age in animals previously fed on the cholesterol-enriched diets. Tissue cholesterol did not differ. However, after a challenge with cholesterol at that age, the differences in serum cholesterol were not significantly different.

Aging↗
PubMed1989

The role of atmospheric pressure variation in the development of spontaneous pneumothoraces.

It has been postulated that spontaneous pneumothoraces (SP) develop because of rupture of subpleural blebs, and that atmospheric pressure changes (delta AP) may be contributory. A 5-year retrospective analysis of SP admissions was carried out to determine if delta AP do play a role in SP development. Using a 36-yr record of hourly delta AP, a normative background for delta AP was constructed. A fall in AP below the fifth, or a rise above the ninety-fifth percentile during these time periods, was classed as "unusual." Atmospheric pressure changes in the 4 days prior to SP were analyzed. The expected frequency of SP occurring by chance, if no relationship to delta AP existed, was also calculated. A total of 192 cases of SP was analyzed. Traumatic pneumothoraces were excluded. The majority of cases (72%) had been exposed to at least one "unusual" delta AP in the 4 days prior to onset of symptoms. Among those with four or more "unusual" exposures, SP occurrence was significantly more frequent than expected by chance alone (p less than 10(-10]. A strong positive association between delta AP and SP was not found in all cases, as delta AP are unlikely to be the only causative factor for SP. This finding of a relationship with ambient pressure changes lends support to the theory that SP develop as a result of rupture of subpleural blebs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Effects of dietary cholesterol in the Mongolian gerbil and the rat: a comparative study.

To come to a better understanding of the diet-induced cholesterol-ester storage in the gerbil liver, the reactions of the gerbil to 0.2% of cholesterol in the diet during 4 weeks were compared with those of the rat consuming the same diet. The major reason for the increased hepatic cholesterol-ester storage in the cholesterol-fed gerbil is the low cholesterol turnover in this species. This contrasts with the rat. Although faecal acidic steroid excretion can be slightly increased during cholesterol feeding in the gerbil, this increase is not sufficient to compensate for the quantity of dietary cholesterol when administered at the 0.2% level.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Safety and efficacy of using high-dose topical and nebulized anesthesia to obtain endobronchial cultures.

We evaluated the safety and efficacy of high-dose topical and nebulized airway anesthesia in normal volunteers and in patients undergoing diagnostic fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Lidocaine solution (4 percent) was used for gargling, for spraying the palate and oropharynx with an atomizer, and for nebulization with an air-powered nebulizer (mean total dose, 1,682 mg) and 2 percent lidocaine (Xylocaine) jelly for anesthetizing nasal passages. In six normal subjects and in eight patients, lidocaine blood levels were measured at baseline, after gargling, after spraying, after nebulization, and then at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min; 19 normal subjects and ten patients underwent the same anesthesia protocol but had no blood drawn. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 21 normal volunteers and in 18 patients and cultures obtained using the protected specimen brush. Additional endobronchial lidocaine (mean 256 mg) was given to the 18 patients after collecting the microbiology specimens. Peak lidocaine blood levels remained below 6 micrograms/ml in all cases. Cough and discomfort during bronchoscopic examination was absent or minimal in 17 of 21 normal subjects (80 percent) and in 14 of 18 patients (77 percent) and was severe in only one instance (5 percent). There were no related complications. Using only topical and nebulized anesthesia is safe and effective for performing fiberoptic bronchoscopy, especially when bacterial cultures are to be obtained and endobronchial instillation of lidocaine must be avoided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Nutritional support in the critical care setting (Part 1).

Over the past two decades nutritional support has rapidly become an integral part of the medical care of critically ill patients. As scientific evidence accumulates supporting the important role of underlying nutritional status in determining the eventual outcome of many illnesses, aggressive nutritional intervention has become commonplace in our medical and surgical ICUs. However, nutritional support, particularly parenteral alimentation, is expensive and associated with important morbidity and even mortality. Furthermore, definite evidence of its clinical efficacy under certain specific conditions is often lacking and in need of properly done prospective studies. This review summarizes the basic principles of nutrition as applied to the critically ill patient in the clinical setting. Special emphasis is on practical considerations regarding cost, efficacy (or lack thereof), and potential advantages, disadvantages, and risk of complications of each proposed approach.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed1989

Molecular analysis of a t(9;14)(p11;q32) translocation occurring in a case of human alpha heavy chain disease.

We performed the cloning and sequencing of the der(14) breakpoint of a new chromosomal translocation involving the 14q32 immunoglobulin locus. This t(9;14)(p11;q32) translocation was found in a case of malignant lymphoma occurring in human alpha heavy chain disease. A rearranged alpha 1 gene fragment was cloned and shown to contain chromosome 9 information by Southern blotting on sorted chromosomes and by in situ hybridization. Sequence analysis of the junction point region established that the breakage occurred 3' to the heavy chain joining region. In contrast to the data obtained in other translocations affecting 14q32 immunoglobulin locus, the recombination did not involve the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus specific recombination signals on chromosome 14, or homologous sequences on chromosome 9. In the present case, the existence of two almost perfect inverted repeats flanking the junction point suggests that the translocation originated from a local pairing of the two chromosomes 9 and 14. Chromosome 9 fragments sequenced in the vicinity of the breakpoint did not share significant homology with sequences listed in GenBank and EMBL data bases.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Ph1+bcr- acute leukemias: implication of Alu sequences in a chromosomal translocation occurring in the new cluster region within the BCR gene.

Chromosomal breakpoints on chromosome 22 are located in the first intron of the bcr gene in half of the Philadelphia-positive acute leukemias (Ph1+bcr- AL). We have previously shown that, in these cases, the breakpoints are clustered in the 3' portion of the bcr gene first intron, particularly in a region called bcr2 or m-bcr-1. In order to search for mechanisms underlying the reciprocal chromosome translocation, molecular analysis of breakpoints on chromosome 9 and 22 were performed in a Ph1+bcr- acute lymphoblastic leukemia with bcr2 rearrangement. The comparison of rearranged sequences with their normal counterparts showed that human repetitive Alu sequences were physically linked to the translocation on both chromosomes. In addition an inverted Alu repeat was found 5' to each rearranged Alu sequence on chromosome 22 and 9, with an intervening sequence of 210 and 90bp respectively. This allows to propose a new model, still to be confirmed, of recombination after formation of two hairpin structures which could facilitate the genesis of the chromosomal accident.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1989

Esthetic and physiologic considerations in metallic framework design.

The metal framework is the essential precursor to a successful porcelain fused to metal fixed partial denture. The framework should be rigid not by bulkiness, but by design. Pontics must be supported to span the edentulous space and replace the missing dentition while providing adequate space for a 1-mm porcelain veneer. The combined thickness of the metal and porcelain must be sufficient to achieve the desired color and vitality without producing a prosthesis that is morphologically overcontoured. To develop a framework that meets all the requirements of physiology, esthetics, and strength, a diagnostic waxup directs the positioning of connectors and allows planning of both form and support. A properly designed and positioned connector area should allow separation of the units by permitting the development of natural appearing labial embrasures. At the same time, the connector must, by engineered design, provide adequate structural strength to support the porcelain. Designing and fabricating the metallic framework for a fixed partial denture requires planning and an understanding of what is desired in the final form. An outline has been presented that details the connector form and placement and a technique has been suggested for developing a framework that provides optimal strength while allowing space for placement of esthetically contoured porcelain.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed1989

Chromosomal rearrangement on chromosome 11q14-q21 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Deletion and translocation involving the bands 11q14 and 11q21 have been detected in five patients with T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The breakpoint on chromosome 11 was on the same band as that previously described in some acute nonlymphocytic leukemias: monocytic or myelomocytic. The existence of a new nonrandom rearrangement involving bands 11q14-q21 is postulated in ALL. An unusual rearrangement on 11q13 in a patient with T cell ALL is also reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Adolescent girls in distress: a high-risk intersection.

Adolescent girls in distress are at high risk due to their location at the intersection of three populations at risk: adolescents, females, and those in social distress. The first part of this article specifies the parameters of the population in terms of behavioral and personality features, based on empirical research in Israel as well as the United States. The second part discusses the main characteristics of each of the three populations, with special emphasis on the components of transition in each. The third part develops an integrative theoretical model that illustrates the uniqueness of this group and its problems, and that may serve as a basis for the development of diagnostic and treatment tools for helping these girls. In this model, the profiles of adolescents in general, adolescent boys, adolescent girls, and adolescent girls in distress are compared. The comparison is made in terms of physical, cognitive, social, and emotional development, interpersonal relationships, and status in the family. Comparison of the profiles reveals that adolescent girls in distress are located at the extreme end of the spectrum of the six developmental areas. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of the inconsistency between messages on various levels: explicit versus implicit; intrafamilial versus social; and expectation versus opportunity. It is concluded that the specific needs of this group require the establishment of an appropriate policy as well as a variety of strategies, including nonconventional techniques, for creating a multidimensional intervention program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Cytogenetics of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in relapse.

Cytogenetic studies were performed at diagnosis and in relapse in 45 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. While 23 patients did not exhibit clonal chromosome changes, the other half had changes of different types: apparent acquisition of clonal abnormalities in 4 cases normal at diagnosis; appearance of additional chromosome changes either in the same clone or as mosaic in 9 cases; selection of a minor subclone previously observed at diagnosis in 7 cases; disappearance of the abnormal clone replaced by a cytogenetically unrelated karyotype in 2 cases. Some non clonal anomalies similar to those observed in secondary leukemias were also detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Are most secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemias mixed acute leukemias?

A case of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) secondary to X-ray exposure is reported. The lymphoblasts expressed T-cell and myelomonocytic differentiation-related surface antigens. Clonal chromosomal abnormalities including t(2;12)(q25;q13),-10,der(10), del(11)(q14),der(12) and r were observed. A review of the cytogenetic data suggests that most secondary ALLs, with the exception of Burkitt type ALLs, may be biphenotypic or mixed acute leukemias.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Ph1-positive, bcr-negative acute leukemias: clustering of breakpoints on chromosome 22 in the 3' end of the BCR gene first intron.

About 50% of the Philadelphia-positive acute leukemias undergo molecular rearrangements outside the now classical bcr sequence (or M-BCR-1) rearranged in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Most of the breakpoints on chromosome 22 have been shown to be clustered in a 10.8-kb region of the first intron of the BCR gene (called bcr2 or m-BCR-1). In this report we examined two cases of Ph1 acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult patients that exhibited breakpoints in a 5-kb segment of the BCR gene first intron, 16 kb upstream of the previously described cluster, suggesting the possibility of a second minor breakpoint cluster. In addition, the breakpoints on chromosome 9 were located in a region just 5' of the c-abl exon la.

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22↗