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R Bentley

Publications and source records attributed to R Bentley.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

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Facility Regulation and Control↗
PubMed1987

Effect of milrinone (Corotrope) on the contractility of isolated dog ventricular muscle.

The bipyridine milrinone (Corotrope) is a new positive inotropic agent for treatment of congestive heart failure. The dose-response curves on electrically paced isolated dog ventricular trabeculae on contractile force were determined with single as well as cumulative dosages of milrinone. These dose-response curves differed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The "single-dose, dose-response" curve shows a flattening out in the dosage range of 1-5 micrograms/ml, which was followed by a second "single-dose, dose-response" curve between 5-50 micrograms milrinone/ml bathing fluid. The maximal response obtained at 50 micrograms/ml with the single dose-response was 1.44 +/- 0.15 g (132 +/- 9%), while with the cumulative dose-response maximum contractile change attained at 1 microgram/ml was 0.58 g (40 +/- 7%). This difference is possibly due to the tachyphylaxis produced by the first dose of milrinone which reduced the effects of the second dose. The biphasic dose-response to milrinone was converted to a monophasic one by raising [Ca2+] from 1.8-4.5 mM. A statistical analysis of the single-dose, dose-response curve was conducted by applying a third-degree polynomial fitted by least squares; the curve gave a statistically significant fit with the experimentally obtained data. This suggests that the plateau observed is not due to random variation and that the single-dose, dose-response curve consists of at least two portions. This point was further substantiated by showing that the Ca2+ channel blockers had an effect on the low dosages of milrinone (less than 2.5 micrograms/ml) but had no significant effect on the dosages above 5 micrograms/ml. Milrinone increases the rate of relaxation and decreases the time for 50 and 90% relaxation. The data suggest that milrinone may act on two different types of calcium channels.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

The pattern ERG in man following surgical resection of the optic nerve.

Pattern electroretinogram (PERG) results recorded in different laboratories from patients with unilateral traumatic transections of the optic nerve have led investigators to opposite conclusions about the sources of this response. There was no absolute demonstration of complete transection in any of these studies. In the present study, PERGs and flash ERGs were recorded from a patient who, 30 months earlier, had undergone surgical resection of the right optic nerve to remove a glioma. The histological section of the biopsied nerve confirmed complete optic nerve transection. Ophthalmoscopically and angiographically, the right eye was normal except for marked optic atrophy. PERGs were produced by 10 Hz reversal of high contrast checks with check widths from 13 deg 30 min to 12 min arc. Field size was 27 deg X 21 deg and space-averaged screen luminance was 110 cd/m2. Smaller checks (3 deg 23 min to 12 min) produced responses in both eyes, but the responses in the right eye were much smaller than those in the left eye. Large checks and diffuse flashes produced approximately equal responses in the two eyes. The implicit times of the PERGs produced by stimulation of the right eye with smaller checks were shorter than those of the left eye. The authors conclude that, in humans, there is a contribution to the high contrast pattern reversal ERG from cells which are not dependent upon the integrity of the ganglion cell layer. These cells and cells dependent upon ganglion cells may both contribute to the high contrast PERG in the normal human eye.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Menaquinone (vitamin K2) biosynthesis in Escherichia coli: synthesis of o-succinylbenzoate does not require the decarboxylase activity of the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.

The committed step in menaquinone biosynthesis is the formation of o-succinylbenzoate (OSB). It is presumed to require the reaction of a seven-carbon intermediate of the shikimate pathway with a succinic semialdehyde-thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) anion, derived by decarboxylation of 2-ketoglutarate. The following evidence indicates that the decarboxylation is not a function of the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex but is carried out by a separate activity. (A) Cell-free extracts of Escherichia coli K12 without added TPP lose OSB synthase activity but retain all of the ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activities. (B) OSB synthase activity is inhibited by addition of tetrahydro-TPP (th-TPP) to the incubations. The ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex activities are only inhibited by this analogue after an initial preincubation period. (C) The high molecular weight ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex can be separated from OSB synthase activity by gel-permeation chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. Experiment series A and B also provide supporting evidence that TPP does play an important role in menaquinone biosynthesis.

Carboxy-Lyases↗
PubMed1985

Vitamin K (menaquinone) biosynthesis in bacteria: purification and probable structure of an intermediate prior to o-succinylbenzoate.

The first aromatic intermediate in the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway is o-succinylbenzoate (OSB); it is formed from chorismate/isochorismate and 2-ketoglutarate. Cell-free extracts of menD+ E. coli strains synthesize an intermediate, "X", which is converted to OSB by extracts of menC+ cells. "X" has been purified to near homogeneity by HPLC. On treatment with acid, it yields both OSB and succinylbenzene (SB). This and other data, suggest that "X" has the structure, 2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate (I).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1983

Thiamine pyrophosphate requirement for o-succinylbenzoic acid synthesis in Escherichia coli and evidence for an intermediate.

Cell-free extracts of various strains of Escherichia coli synthesize the menaquinone biosynthetic intermediate o-succinylbenzoic acid (OSB) when supplied with chorismic acid, 2-ketoglutaric acid, and thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). To assay for OSB synthesis, 2-[U-14C]ketoglutaric acid was used as substrate, and the synthesized OSB was examined by radiogas chromatography (as the dimethyl ester). [U-14C]Shikimic acid also gave rise to radioactive OSB if the cofactors necessary for enzymatic conversion to chorismic acid were added. Use of 2-[1-14C]ketoglutaric acid does not give rise to labeled OSB. In the absence of TPP during the incubations, OSB synthesis was much reduced; these observations are consistent with the proposed role for the succinic semialdehyde-TPP anion as the reagent adding to chorismic acid. Extracts of cells from menC and menD mutants did not form OSB separately, but did so in combination. There was evidence for formation of a product, X, by extracts of a menC mutant incubated with chorismic acid, TPP, and 2-ketoglutaric acid; X was converted to OSB by extracts of a menD mutant. It appears that the intermediate, X, is formed by one gene product and converted to OSB by the second gene product.

Chorismic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Characterization of Escherichia coli men mutants defective in conversion of o-succinylbenzoate to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate.

Four independent menaquinone (vitamin K2-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli, blocked in the conversion of o-succinylbenzoate (OSB) to 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (DHNA), were found to represent two distinct classes. Enzymatic complementation was observed when a cell-free extract of one mutant was mixed with extracts of any of the remaining three mutants. The missing enzymes in the two classes were identified by in vitro complementation with preparations of OSB-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase or DHNA synthase isolated from Mycobacterium phlei. Mutants lacking DHNA synthase (and therefore complementing with M. phlei DHNA synthase) were designated menB, and the mutant lacking OSB-CoA synthetase (and therefore complementing with M. phlei OSB-CoA synthetase) was designated menE. The menB mutants produced only the spirodilactone form of OSB when extracts were incubated with [2,3-14C2]OSB, ATP, and CoA; the OSB was unchanged on incubation with an extract from the menE mutant under these conditions. Experiments with strains lysogenized by a λ men transducing phage (λG68) and transduction studies with phage P1 indicated that the menB and menE genes form part of a cluster of four genes, controlling the early steps in menaquinone biosynthesis, located at 48.5 min in the E. coli linkage map. Evidence was obtained for the clockwise gene order gyrA....menC-E⃰ -B-D, where the asterisk denotes the uncertain position of menE relative to menC and menB. The transducing phage (λG68) contained functional menB, menC, and menE genes, but only part of the menD gene, and it was designated λ menCE⃰ B(D).

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1981

Biosynthesis of o-succinylbenzoic acid in a men- Escherichia coli mutant requires decarboxylation of L-glutamate at the C-1 position.

A men- mutant of Escherichia coli, AN 209, which accumulates o-succinylbenzoic acid, has been used for a direct study of the biosynthesis of this benzenoid compound. Samples of labeled glutamic acids were added to growth media, and the o-succinylbenzoic acid was isolated and converted to a dimethyl derivative. This dimethyl derivative was purified on thin-layer chromatograms and by gas chromatography. When the glutamic acid used as precursor contained 14C at position 5, or was uniformly labeled, the dimethyl o-succinylbenzoate contained radioactivity (as shown by radiogas chromatography). However, from [1-14C]glutamate, the dimethyl o-succinylbenzoate was without radioactivity. Hence, in the biosynthesis of o-succinylbenzoate, carbon atom 1 of glutamate is lost, and carbon atoms 2-5 are retained. It was also shown that this mutant lacked the enzyme dihydroxynaphthoic acid synthase. It should, therefore, continue to be classified as a menB mutant, rather than as a member of the newly created menE group (lacking o-succinylbenzoate-CoA synthetase).

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1981

Acute gastric dilatation as a relatively late complication of tetraplegia due to very high cervical cord injury.

Patients sustaining an injury to the cervical spine at C3/4 level, with extensive cord damage, are difficult to manage. The injury is associated with a high mortality. The respiratory complications, including those associated with tracheostomy and intermittent-positive-pressure ventilation, are well recognised. The initial ileus and its management is also well documented. This report describes the development of acute gastric dilatation occurring 4 weeks after injury. The condition is particularly serious as many complications may have been overcome by this time resulting in a false sense of security. Two case histories are described. It is suggested that to a variable degree this complication probably occurs frequently in these patients. The aetiology of the acute gastric dilatation is discussed and recommendations are made (based on experience with one of the cases described), which may reasonably be expected to minimise the development and progress of the condition.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

Identification of Bacillus subtilis men mutants which lack O-succinylbenzoyl-coenzyme A synthetase and dihydroxynaphthoate synthase.

Menaquinone (vitamin K2)-deficient mutants of Bacillus subtilis, whose growth requirement is satisfied by 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid but not by o-succinylbenzoic acid (OSB), have been analyzed for enzymatic defects. Complementation analysis of cell-free extracts of the mutants revealed that there are two groups, as already indicated by genetic analysis. The missing enzyme in each group was identified by complementation of the cell-free extracts with o-succinylbenzoyl-coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase and dihydroxynaphthoate synthase extracted from Mycobacterium phlei. Mutants found to lack dihydroxynaphthoate synthase, and which therefore complement with dihydroxynaphthoate synthase of M. phlei, were designated as menB; those lacking o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA synthetase, and therefore complementing with o-succinylbenzoyl-CoA synthetase, were designated as menE. The menB mutants RB413 (men-325) and RB415 (men-329), when incubated with [2,3-14C2]OSB, produced only the spirodilactone form of OSB in a reaction that was CoA and adenosine 5'-triphosphate dependent.

Bacillus subtilis↗