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Biomedical subjects

R Behi

Publications and source records attributed to R Behi.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Research in nursing: developing a conceptual approach.

This article, the first in an ongoing series on research in nursing, argues that research, like nursing, is best understood by the practical application of ideas, but that action should not be taken until at least a basic research appreciation or literacy is attained.

Models, Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Alternative approaches to establishing reliability and validity.

This article considers a variety of alternatives to the classical notions of reliability and validity. It suggests that there are no hard and fast rules that can be applied to all research studies and that what constitutes 'authentic' research depends upon the paradigm within which a given study is conducted.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ethical issues in research.

There are many ethical issues in relation to research when dealing with human subjects, e.g. confidentiality, dignity, benefit-to-risk ratio and informed consent. The integrity of researchers is paramount. For nurses, there is potential role conflict between the role of researcher and the role of patient's advocate. Cultural variations in ethical acceptability complicate the issues in a multicultural mix of researchers and human subjects.

Confidentiality↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Triangulation: the best of all worlds?

This article considers the concept of triangulation. The meaning, purposes and types of triangulation are discussed and the barriers to applying this approach are highlighted.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

What is research? Some definitions and dilemmas.

The second article in the research series attempts to answer the question 'What is research?' by addressing issues concerned with the meaning and purpose of research. The article also outlines some of the principal differences between the major approaches to research.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sources of knowledge in nursing.

This article provides a brief overview of the various sources and types of nursing knowledge, highlighting their similarities and differences. The authors investigate the underlying principles and the strengths and weaknesses of such knowledge. This should enable the professional to decide which is the most appropriate source (both to the patient/client and the professional) to meet a particular demand.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Deduction: moving from the general to the specific.

This article considers the issue of theory testing, using the hypothetico-deductive model. The nature and purpose of hypotheses are explored and the varying types of hypotheses are described.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement in research.

This article discusses the importance of measurement in research and in nursing generally. The process of operationalisation is described and different levels of measurement are outlined.

Data Interpretation, Statistical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validity: a concept at the heart of research.

This article considers the nature of validity and further explores the relationship between validity and reliability. The different forms of validity are discussed and the importance of developing more valid measures of nursing activity is highlighted.

Bias↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From methodology to method: the building blocks of research literacy.

Last year, the British Journal of Nursing published a series of articles outlining some of the major concepts underpinning the research process. This article is the first in a second series which will develop further a number of themes. This series begins with a description of broad methodological approaches before moving on to consider specific methods. The main aim is to assist nurses to improve their research literacy so that they may become more informed and critical readers of research. Before beginning the series proper this article identifies some of the main barriers to research utilization and argues that, in order to overcome these barriers, both decision-driven and knowledge-driven approaches are required.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental designs.

This article discusses randomized clinical trials, double blind designs and factorial designs and describes and explains their main requirements. It is shown that the randomized clinical trial is not a different experimental design, but is one that reflects the purpose for and the scale on which the post-test only or pre-test/post-test designs are often used. A common method for the prevention of experimenter bias in clinical trials is the double blind trial. Factorial designs make the simultaneous manipulation of two or more independent variables possible, thus producing data about their effect on the development variable.

Double-Blind Method↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quasi-experimental research designs.

In complex naturally occurring health-care situations, it is often difficult, and sometimes impossible, for ethical and/or practical reasons to meet the requirements of manipulation and control needed in true and ideal group experiments. If researchers wish to investigate causal relationships in such circumstances then quasi-experimental designs are recommended. The designs represent approximations of true experiments because they do not meet all the necessary requirements, such as random allocation of subjects to groups, control and manipulation. Consequently, quasi-experimental designs are not as powerful as true experimental designs in establishing causal relationships but nevertheless allow such relationships to be considered by a process of rejecting rival hypotheses. This article outlines the two main approaches to quasi-experimental designs and provides an example of each. Other methods related to the quasi-experiment are also highlighted.

Cohort Studies↗