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Biomedical subjects

R Bayston

Publications and source records attributed to R Bayston.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Factors involved in the antibiotic treatment of cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections.

Fourty-four patients whose staphylococcal shunt infections were treated with antibiotics alone are reviewed retrospectively. Successful eradication of infection was achieved in 4 out of 7 patients who received intrathecal gentamicin and oral cotrimoxazole for ventriculoatrial shunt infections due to Staphylococcus albus, and in two of four patients with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt infections due to this organism who received cotrimoxazole alone, though one of these later required surgery for cystic blockage. No successes were recorded with other drugs, notably cloxacillin, and no infections due to Staphylococcus aureus were eradicated. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed with a view to developing guidelines for a prospective trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effects of test conditions on the susceptibility of staphylococci in vitro to cephradine, cephaloridine, cephalexin, and cefuroxime.

Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were tested for susceptibility to cephradine, cephaloridine, cephalexin, and cefuroxime and 30 degree C and 37 degree C on ordinary media and on media of enhanced osmotic strength. The coagulase-negative strains were divided into Staphylococcus epidermis and Staphylococcus hominis. Generally the number of susceptible strains decreased with low incubation temperature and osmotic support. When Staphylococcus aureus was tested against cephalexin and cefuroxime, most were susceptible at 37 degree C whereas all were resistant at 30 degree C. A similar trend was found in the case of cephradine, where it was accentuated by osmotic support. While almost all strains of Staph. epidermidis were sensitive to all four drugs under all test conditions, the susceptibility of Staph. hominis was generally decreased by either lower incubation temperature or osmotic support or both.

Cefuroxime↗
PubMed1981

Antimicrobial activity of silicone rubber used in hydrocephalus shunts, after impregnation with antimicrobial substances.

Colonisation of cerebrospinal fluid shunts by coagulate-negative staphylococci (Staphylococcus albus) is a serious problem. Because of its possible role in prevention of the condition, the antimicrobial activity of silicone rubber after impregnation with antimicrobial drugs was studied. The method of impregnation used and test methods were found to be important. Formaldehyde-urea condensates gave no activity. Gentamicin sulphate gave activity which was short-lived. Sodium and diethanolamine fusidates and clindamycin hydrochloride gave prolonged activity. A method of impregnation was developed which could be applied to commercially available shunts before use.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

Spina bifida.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Mechanical properties of antibacterial silicone rubber for hydrocephalus shunts.

In an effort to find a solution to the serious problem of bacterial colonization of cerebrospinal-fluid shunting devices, room-temperature and heat-vulcanizing silicone rubbers were impregnated with gentamicin sulphate. The effects on the mechanical properties of the two rubbers were studied. Results show that the tensile strength and extensibility of the room-temperature-vulcanizing silicone rubber reduced with increasing concentration of the drug. For the heat-vulcanizing silicone rubber, the tensile strength was also found to decrease with increasing drug content. The extensibility after an initial reduction at low concentrations was found to increase at drug concentrations in excess of 10 mg/g. Nevertheless, the changes in mechanical properties measured are considered not to be so great as to preclude the application of drug-impregnated silicone rubbers to cerebrospinal-fluid shunting devices.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1979

Serum C-reactive protein test in diagnosis of septic complications of cerebrospinal fluid shunts for hydrocephalus.

Serial tests for serum C-reactive protein (CRP) were carried out on 40 children undergoing cerebrospinal fluid shunt surgery, to determine the pattern of appearance and disappearance of CRP in relation to this type of operation, in the absence of postoperative complications. Samples of sera from a further 268 children, 79 of whom presented after shunt surgery with symptoms suggesting infective complications related to the shunt, were examined for CRP. The results showed that, while the test in negative in uncomplicated colonisation of ventriculo-atrial shunts, it is reliably positive in patients with colonised ventriculo-peritoneal shunts, ventriculitis, or shunt nephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The aetiology and prevention of shunt nephritis.

The pathogenesis of shunt nephritis is reviewed and attention is drawn to the association between this disease and chronic shunt colonisation with delayed diagnosis. The results of applying a surveillance scheme, involving serological to patients having shunt surgery are reported. Ten cases of shunt nephritis occurred in a group of patients not followed by this method, whereas only one case occurred in the surveillance group.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1978

Use of polyvinylpyrrolidone in the testing of staphylococci for sensitivity to methicillin and cephradine.

The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone, an inert polymer resembling plasma proteins in its colligative effects, in the testing of micrococcaceae for sensitivity to methicillin and cephradine is described. Generally results are quite comparable with those of conventional methods. The absence of any inhibitory effect of the polymer compared to sodium chloride, and its physiological inertia compared to sucrose, along with its suitability for sterilisation by autoclaving are seen as advantages. It is suggested that the use of this substance may give results which are more applicable to the in vivo situation. This may apply particularly in the case of cephradine.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1977

The antibacterial effects of impregnated silastic and its possible applications in surgery.

We have made an in vitro preliminary study of the feasibility of incorporating suitable antibacterial agents with medical grade silicone rubber ("Silastic") with reference to the immediate and sustained effects in simulated conditions of use. The results are encouraging and further work is planned. The possible applications of such impregnated Silastic in clinical conditions involving implants of various kinds is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1976

Preliminary studies on the impregnation of silastic elastomers with antimicrobial substances.

This study of the effects of various factors on the antibacterial activity of gentamicin-impregnated Silastic has shown that it is unaffected by autoclaving and storage. It has also shown that this activity persists for long periods under crudely simulated in-use conditions. This form of Silastic will be studied further in an attempt to evaluate the kinetics of gentamicin diffusion within it, and to investigate its possible use in preventing colonisation of Holter shunts.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1975

Antibiotic prophylaxis in shunt surgery.

A system of antibiotic prophylaxis has recently been described which is said to lower the incidence of wound infection in various surgical procedures, and which also evades the problem of increase in resistant bacteria. In the investigation reported here, this system was applied to the prevention of colonisation following shunt surgery and was found to have no beneficial effect. It is suggested that this finding may be peculiar to operations involving the implantation of hollow devices.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts↗
PubMed1975

Serological surveillance of children with CSF shunting devices.

A naturally-occurring, age-related rise in titre of antibody to Staph. albus in both hydrocephalic and non-hydrocephalic children is demonstrated in this report. In view of this finding, the value of serial determinations of antibody titre in children with shunts is discussed in terms of an organised surveillance programme.

Adolescent↗