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Biomedical subjects

R Bandler

Publications and source records attributed to R Bandler.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Morphological identification of brain stem neurones associated with predatory behaviour elicited by lateral hypothalamic electrical stimulation in the cat: a retrograde transport study using horseradish peroxidase subsequent to an electrolytic lesion.

The combination of electrical stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus to elicit predatory behaviour, an electrolytic lesion and a subsequent HRP injection was used to identify brain stem neurones whose axons were affected by such hypothalamic stimulation. In contrast, the injection of HRP into such hypothalamic sites, without a prior lesion, resulted in a significant reduction in the number of labelled neurones. This suggests that an important contribution, namely those neurones which give rise to fibres which pass through the stimulated region, is underestimated by the later procedure.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Anterior hypothalamic knife cut eliminates a specific component of the predatory behavior elicited by electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus or ventral midbrain in the cat.

Following unilateral transection of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) within the anterior hypothalamic-preoptic region of cats, the biting attack upon a rat elicited by ipsilateral posterior hypothalamic or ventral midbrain stimulation is eliminated, although the cat continues to approach from 2.8 metres away to within several centimetres of the rat. In contrast, both the approach to and biting attack upon a rat elicited by contralateral posterior hypothalamic and ventral midbrain stimulation are unchanged. The results suggest that specific agents (biting, approach) of the elicited behaviour may be mediated by neural effects which proceed along anatomically distinct components of the ascending as well as the descending MFB.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Anatomical demonstration of the involvement of the substantia nigra in contraversive circling elicited by electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle in the cat: a retrograde transport study using horseradish peroxidase subsequent to an electrolytic lesion.

A method is described for the anatomical identification of groups of neurones likely involved in the elaboration of component acts of a centrally elicited behaviour, when involvement of fibres of passage is suspected. The contraversive circling which accompanied the predatory attack of a cat upon a rat elicited electrical stimulation within the hypothalamic and ventral midbrain trajectory of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) was used as a model because of the established role played by the nigrostriatal dopamine system in the production of the circling. Following horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections, made after electrolytic lesion at such MFB sites, substantial numbers of labelled cells were found in the substantia nigra, pars compacta (SNC). In contrast, many fewer SNC neurones were labelled following:(1) HRP injections made after electrolytic lesion at MFB sites at which the elicited predatory behaviour was not accompanied by contraversive circling; and (2) HRP injections made without a prior lesion at MFB sites at which the elicited predatory behaviour was accompanied by contraversive circling.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Particle size and concentration adjustments of tomato products for Howard mold count.

The present AOAC method for mold counts of tomato products (44.096) provides no inter-product standardization of concentration among juice, sauce, paste, puree, and catsup; no intra-product standardization of concentration for juice, sauce, and catsup; and no adjustment for degree of comminution. Use of the official method, therefore, could result in an artificially increased mold count for products which have undergone extreme comminution. A new method was developed to adjust all products to the same concentration and grind them to a uniform particle size, thereby ensuring comparable mold counts on products produced by different processes. Collaborative study results showed equal repeatability for both the official and the proposed methods and a lower coefficient of variation for the proposed method.

Food Microbiology↗
PubMed1980

Determination of Geotrichum mold in cream style corn: collaborative study.

The official method for the determination of Geotrichum mold in canned fruits and vegetables, 44.079, is not satisfactory for use with cream style corn. The kernels are too small to be retained by the first 2 sieves, and the presence of starch interferes. The proposed method uses a smaller series of sieves (Nos. 16, 70, and 230), which enables more of the product to be separated from the mold before the No. 230 sieve, and specifies hot (45-55 degrees C) wash water for the sieving steps to remove the starch. The method has been adopted official first action.

Food Contamination↗
PubMed1980

Determination of Geotrichum mold in citrus juices: collaborative study.

The sieve mesh sizes (Nos. 8, 16, and 230) specified in the official method for the Geotrichum mold count of fruits and vegetables, 44.079, are inadequate for citrus juices. Citrus tissue passes through the larger mesh screens and clogs the fine mesh No. 230 sieve. The fine citrus tissue prevents the separation of the mold from the product and the liquid. The proposed method changes the sieve series to Nos. 40, 140, and 230 mesh. A compromise is reached which permits the concentration of mold along with the citrus tissue and the elimination of the excess liquid. The method has been adopted official first action.

Beverages↗
PubMed1979

Interspecies aggression in the rat: the role of the diagonal band of Broca.

Electrolytic lesions of the diagonal band of Broca were made in rats which had previously not killed mice (DBPt) and in rats which had no experience with mice prior to the beginning of the experiment (DBN). The lesions induced killing in 12 of the 20 naive (DBN) rats, but in only 1 of the 16 pretested (DBPt) rats. The region of the diagonal band is projected upon or has extensive projections to many regions of the central nervous system in which lesions have previously been found to induce muricide. The behavior induced by diagonal band lesions and lesions of these other regions was compared.

Aggression↗
PubMed1971

Visual patterned reflex present during hypothalamically elicited attack.

A cat from which attack is elicited by electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus lunges more frequently toward a mouse presented to the eye contralateral to the stimulated site than it does to a mouse presented to the ipsilateral eye. This differential effect does not appear to be attributable to a temporary or permanent defect in the ipsilateral eye.

Aggression↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interictal behavioral alterations and cerebrospinal fluid amino acid changes in a chronic seizure model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

This study extends our previous work in which we described the presence of an interictal behavioral disturbance in a chronic animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). In this study, we investigated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurotransmitter changes underlying the development of chronic recurrent seizures of temporal lobe origin and interictal behavioral disturbance in cats made epileptic after intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA). Using high-performance liquid chromatography, we measured 22 putative neurotransmitter amino acids. After intrahippocampal KA injection, cats developed an initial acute period of intense seizure activity. Cisternal CSF amino acids, which were repeatedly sampled during the acute period through a permanent indwelling cannula, were unchanged apart from a mild elevation in CSF alanine. The high-level seizure activity gradually decreased, and cats entered a chronic epileptic period characterized by recurrent yet intermittent temporal lobe seizures. CSF GABA levels during the chronic epileptic period were significantly decreased. In contrast, CSF levels of other amino acids--alanine, tyrosine, taurine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid--did not change significantly. Behavioral testing also showed a heightened interictal defensive reactivity during the chronic epileptic period. To the extent that CSF GABA concentration reflects brain GABA concentration, this study suggests that a decrease in brain GABA may contribute both to the epilepsy and interictal emotional lability of animals with a chronic seizure disorder of temporal lobe origin.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of mammalian feces by coprostanol thin layer chromatography: method development.

Existing methods for the identification of mammalian fecal particles in foods have not been completely satisfactory because visual identification of small particles is difficult. In addition, identification of feces by determining the presence of fecal alkaline phosphatase is limited to specimens in which the enzyme has not been inactivated, and it does not work well with feces from herbivores. A new method has been developed which uses coprostanol as a fecal indicator. Coprostanol is a heat-stable sterol found in the feces of mammals and some birds. A hexane extract of the suspect particle is applied to the preadsorbent zone of a silica gel thin layer chromatography plate which has been impregnated with 5% phosphomolybdic acid in ethanol. The plate is developed in diethyl ether-heptane (55 + 45), heated, and examined visually for the presence of coprostanol. Amounts of rat feces as small as 0.15 mg and cow feces as small as 0.5 mg have been identified using this method.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence of fungi in shared-use cosmetics available to the public.

A survey was conducted to assess both the potential health risk from shared-use cosmetics caused by microorganisms and the microbial efficacy of preservatives in cosmetics. Samples of 3027 shared-use cosmetic products were collected from 171 retail establishments nationwide. Fungi were present in 10.4% of the products, and 3.9% contained fungal pathogens or opportunistic pathogens. The 423 fungal isolates identified represented 33 genera and at least 69 species. A disproportionately large share of the fungal isolates were from eye products; fewer were from lip products. Pathogenic or opportunistic pathogens made up 32.2% of the fungal isolates. A slightly lower percentage of samples that contained preservatives had fungi, a fact suggesting that preservatives reduce the incidence of fungi in cosmetics. Results of this survey indicate potential microbiological problems concerning the safety of shared-use cosmetics.

Colony Count, Microbial↗