Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R B Sloane

Publications and source records attributed to R B Sloane.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Hemispheric dysfunction in schizophrenia: assessment by visual perception tasks.

Before and after a double-blind trial of haloperidol vs. mesoridazine, 24 hospitalized schizophrenics performed visual perception tasks designed to assess function of the cerebral hemispheres. Tasks involved identifying as "same" or "different" two images (either letters, digits, or unfamiliar shapes) projected tachistoscopically to the right or left visual field or to both together. Multivariate analysis of variance related response latency and accuracy to task type, hemisphere stimulated, and pre- vs. posttreatment testing. Both before and after treatment, subjects responded most slowly and least accurately to letter-matching. Bilateral presentation of stimuli resulted in faster and more accurate responses, except on shape-matching. Neuroleptic treatment improved speed and accuracy overall, though not under certain task conditions. Results accorded more with an impairment in verbal processing and interhemispheric coordination than with a specific left-hemispheric deficit in schizophrenia.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Truax factors, speech characteristics, and therapeutic outcome.

Initial interview ratings of therapist accurate empathy, unconditional positive regard, and self-congruence were correlated with nonlexical speech characteristics and outcome of individual psychotherapy. Speech characteristics of both patients (greater total speech time, shorter pause time following therapists' comments, and faster reaction times) and therapists (fewer speech units) were significantly related to improved outcome. While Rogers-Truax factors were unrelated to outcome, they were related to speech characteristics of both patient and therapist. Furthermore, patients whose therapists showed high levels of the Truax factors tended to increase their average speech durations and total speech time during the course of the initial interview.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Auditory attention in process and reactive schizophrenia.

The present data indicate that, based on level of premorbid adjustment (process-reactive), schizophrenic subjects differ in auditory attention processes. Generally speaking, poor premorbid adjustment is associated with more attention dysfunction. Results also indicate that attentional deficits improve for all schizophrenic subjects after a 28-day period of neuroleptic therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Differences between behavior therapists and psychotherapists.

Patient-therapist interaction patterns of three experienced behavior therapists and three matched analytically oriented therapists were compared. Each therapist saw ten patients in short-term individual therapy. The more active behavior therapists dominated the conversation in terms of speech time, more frequently offered explicit advice and instructions, gave more direct information, presented their own value judgments, and exerted greater control over the content of the interaction than did psychotherapists. Although both groups provided a warm and accepting atmosphere, behavior therapists showed higher levels of accurate empathy, interpersonal contact, and therapist self-congruence. Patients viewed behavior therapists as more authoritarian and believed that psychotherapists encourage greater independence. It was concluded that the two therapy approaches to patients were consistent with theoretical models of each.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1975

Short-term analytically oriented psychotherapy versus behavior therapy.

Ninety-four outpatients with anxiety neurosis or personality disorder were randomly assigned for four months to a waiting list, behavior therapy, or psychoanalytically oriented therapy. The target symptoms of all three groups improved significantly, but the two treated groups improved equally well and significantly more than those on the waiting list. There were no significant differences among the groups in work or social adjustment; however, the patients who received behavior therapy had a significant overall improvement at four months. One year and two years after the initial assessment, all groups were found to be equally and significantly improved.

Adult↗