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Biomedical subjects

R B Scott

Publications and source records attributed to R B Scott.

243 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on small intestinal contractility and transit.

Isometric tension in response to ANF (10(-10) to 10(-4) M) was recorded from longitudinally and circularly oriented rat jejunal smooth muscle strips. Conscious, fasted rats received an IV infusion of 1.25 nmol ANF/100 g body weight in 0.5 ml normal saline and controls received saline alone. Five minutes later 10 muCi Na2 51CrO4 in 0.5 ml saline was instilled through a jejunostomy. Fifteen minutes later animals were sacrificed, and the gut divided into 8 equal segments of small intestine, cecum and remaining colon. The radioactivity of each segment was measured and a geometric center of transit determined for each group. ANF induced relaxation of longitudinally oriented strips (Tm = -72.3 +/- 10.7 mN/g, ED50 7.3 +/- 3.6 x 10(-8) M), and contraction of circularly oriented strips (Tm = 35.0 +/- 5.0 mN/g, ED50 1.3 +/- 1.0 x 10(-8) M). This response was unaffected by 10(-6) M tetrodotoxin. The geometric mean center of transit was significantly (p less than 0.001) further aboral in ANF-treated compared to control animals (intestinal segment 4.2 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.2).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intestinal permeability before and after ibuprofen in families of children with Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND: Members of a subset of first-degree relatives of adults with Crohn's disease have been shown to have an increased baseline intestinal permeability and/or an exaggerated increase in intestinal permeability after the administration of acetylsalicylic acid. PURPOSE: To determine intestinal permeability in unaffected first-degree relatives of children with Crohn's disease before and after the administration of an ibuprofen challenge. METHODS: Lactulose-mannitol ratios, a measure of intestinal permeability, were determined in 14 healthy control families (41 subjects) and 14 families with a child with Crohn's disease (36 relatives, 14 probands) before and after ingestion of ibuprofen. An upper reference limit was defined using the control group as mean +/- 2 SD. RESULTS: The proportion of healthy, first-degree relatives with an exaggerated response to ibuprofen (20%, 95% CI 7% to 33%) was significantly higher than controls (P = 0.003). The exaggerated response was more common among siblings than among parents of pediatric probands. CONCLUSIONS: Members of a subset of first-degree relatives of children with Crohn's disease have an exaggerated increase in intestinal permeability after ibuprofen ingestion. These findings are compatible with there being a genetic link between abnormalities of intestinal permeability and Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fertility studies in sickle cell disease: semen analysis in adult male patients.

Semen analysis was done on 50 subjects (25 patients with sickle cell anemia and 25 control subjects with normal hemoglobin genotype). The ejaculate volume, sperm motility, sperm density, and normal sperm morphology were significantly reduced in the patients when compared with the control subjects. A significant increase was also observed in the percentage of spermatids and in abnormal spermatozoa with amorphous and tapered heads in the patients' semen. These findings clearly show that there are definite abnormalities associated with semen in sickle cell anemia. Furthermore, they suggest that in addition to testicular dysfunction, there may be abnormalities in the accessory sex organs, such as the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland, particularly in view of the marked decrease in ejaculate volume of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic counseling in sickle cell anemia: experiences with couples at risk.

Beginning in 1970, a cohort of 74 sickle trait-carrying couples was identified who risked producing children with sickle cell anemia or other serious hemoglobinopathies. They were counseled concerning the disease and their risk, and their initial reactions, their stated intentions concerning birth control and childbearing, and their subsequent childbearing histories were documented. Initial responses to the risk information varied widely, and stated intentions of birth control or childbearing did not accurately predict subsequent childbearing. Among 25 couples for whom there were complete childbearing data, there were 31 pregnancies with 13 affected children prior to counseling. After counseling, there were 25 pregnancies resulting in 10 affected children. The majority of the subsequent pregnancies occurred in the group who had not borne children or an affected child before counseling. In young couples, concern for producing a child with sickle cell anemia is often offset by a strong desire to have children regardless of risk.

Adolescent↗