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Biomedical subjects

R B Phillips

Publications and source records attributed to R B Phillips.

71 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

New C band markers of human chromosomes: C band position variants.

Although it is well known that variations in size are common in the centric heterochromatin of human chromosomes, it has not been appreciated that centric heterochromatin may be positioned either entirely on the short arm, centrally, or entirely on the long arm. Inspection of C banded karyotypes in which chromosomes were identified by previous Q banding showed C band position variants in all of the chromosomes of groups A, B, C, E, and F. These 'new' C band markers were followed in families and found to be heritable. By scoring chromosomes for both size and position of C bands it should be possible to distinguish the majority of homologous chromosomes in most people. The ease of scoring and high frequency of variation should make C band position variants extremely useful in linkage studies and population surveys.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1977

Inheritance of Q and C band polymorphisms.

Sequential Q and C banding of chromosomes from 36 individuals in three unrelated families revealed Q band variants on 6 different chromosomes and C band variants on 14 different chromosomes. These variants were inherited in Mendelian fashion with one excpetion in which a C band variant absent in the parents was found in a child. Although some of the Q band variants were also detected with C banding, there was no consistent correlation between the intensity of variant Q and C bands.

Azure Stains↗
PubMed1975

Inheritance of acrocentric association patterns.

The individual association frequencies of acrocentric chromosomes identified by fluorescent markers were analyzed in 17 individuals from 3 families. The frequency of association appears to be a characteristic property of an individual chromosome, since certain marker chromosomes showed an increase in frequency of association in each family member in which they appeared. Most of the marker chromosomes with increased frequency of association had a longer nucleolar constriction than their homologs.

Cell Division↗
PubMed1975

Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency: a study of the relationship between the Pi system and genetic markers.

Twenty-four members (4 generations) of a family with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency were studied in an attempt to determine the chromosomal location of the Pi system locus. Three alpha 1 antitrypsin alleles (PiM, PiI, and PiZ) and five phenotypes (MM, MZ, MI, IZ, and ZZ) were detected in family members. The quinacrine fluorescent banding technique was successfully utilized to reveal eight polymorphic chromosomal markers in family members. Eight red cell antigens and HL-A antigens were identified for each family member. No linkage between the Pi system and chromosomal markers, four polymorphic red cell antigens, and HL-A antigens was detected. On the basis of this family study, the Pi locus as defined by alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency does not appear to be on chromosomes 2, 3, 13, 14, 21, or 22 within measurable distance of the markers used.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lack of effect of beta-naphthoflavone on induction of Nramp genes in adult rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss.

Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp) genes in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were identified and characterized. The greatest mRNA level encoding these genes was in the developing ovary of rainbow trout. We evaluated the response of these genes to a certain aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) agonist. Adult rainbow trout were treated with beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) (50 and 100 mg/kg) for 48 h. Using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with ovary and head kidney RNA and specific alpha and beta Nramp primers, a 400 bp Nramp-alpha- and a 400 bp Nramp-beta-specific cDNA were obtained. There were no changes in the alpha and beta Nramp mRNA levels in the ovary following BNF administration. CYP1A1 mRNA was increased in the ovary and kidney, suggesting the presence of AHR in rainbow trout ovary, while the AHR agonist produced no effect on Nramp mRNAs.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High levels of MHC class II allelic diversity in lake trout from Lake Superior.

Sequence variation in a 216 bp portion of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II B1 domain was examined in 74 individual lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) from different locations in Lake Superior. Forty-three alleles were obtained which encoded 71-72 amino acids of the mature protein. These sequences were compared with previous data obtained from five Pacific salmon species and Atlantic salmon using the same primers. Although all of the lake trout alleles clustered together in the neighbor-joining analysis of amino acid sequences, one amino acid allelic lineage was shared with Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), a species in another genus which probably diverged from Salvelinus more than 10-20 million years ago. As shown previously in other salmonids, the level of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution (dN) exceeded the level of synonymous substitution (dS). The level of nucleotide diversity at the MHC class II B1 locus was considerably higher in lake trout than in the Pacific salmon (genus Oncorhynchus). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that lake trout colonized Lake Superior from more than one refuge following the Wisconsin glaciation. Recent population bottlenecks may have reduced nucleotide diversity in Pacific salmon populations.

Alleles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stress X-rays and the low back pain patient.

This study was undertaken to determine if demographic, historical and/or clinical information would be helpful in predicting the presence of abnormal motion depicted on a stress radiograph (flexion, extension and lateral bending views). A total of 72 patients were divided into "normals" and "abnormals" based on the presence of abnormal sequential intersegmental vertebral motion as demonstrated on the stress radiographs. Demographically and historically, the "normal" and "abnormal" groups were essentially the same. Clinical data also failed to show any statistically significant differences between the two groups. Other radiographic findings (scoliosis, degenerative disease, and foraminal encroachment) did not show any significant differences. The value of demographic, historical and/or clinical information as input into the formulation of a protocol for stress radiography is questioned. Suggestions for further research are given.

Back Pain↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A retrospective consecutive case analysis of pretreatment and comparative static radiological parameters following chiropractic adjustments.

An investigation was undertaken to determine the effect of chiropractic adjustments on static radiological parameters. Standard plain film radiography was used. A retrospective consecutive case analysis approach was used for obtaining the data from the pretreatment and comparative posttreatment radiographs. Measurements for cervical lordosis, sacral base angle, lumbar lordosis, scapular angle, Cobb's angle and retrolisthesis of adjusted lumbar segments were determined by marking films in a blinded fashion. Intra- and interexaminer reliability for the measurement of cervical lordosis and retrolisthesis were determined to be excellent with a low standard error (Pearson's r range 0.89-0.97, p less than .001 for cervical lordosis and Pearson's r 0.74-0.90. p less than .001 for retrolisthesis). The data from pre- and comparative post-measurements of retrolisthesis showed a significant reduction of approximately 34%. No reduction was seen in a control group with retrolisthesis. No pre/post comparative changes were observed with cervical lordosis angle, sacral base angle, lumbar lordosis angle, scapular angle or Cobb's angle.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chiropractic education: a student survey.

This study surveyed 1296 chiropractic students, 724 (55.9%) of who were in their first term, and 569 (43.9%) who were beginning their second academic year (third term/fourth quarter). From the available students in 12 of the colleges participating in this study, 73.2% responded to the three-page questionnaire. Questions included the extent and specialization of previous education, population demographics, the application process, justification for separate health care professions, attitudes concerning the integration of chiropractic principles into the curriculum, the efficacy of chiropractic adjustments, and exposure to chiropractic prior to entering chiropractic college. Results showed that chiropractic students represent individuals from all walks of life, most of whom selected chiropractic as a first choice. They clearly distinguish between chiropractic physicians and medical doctors and are overwhelmingly convinced that the chiropractic adjustment is effective, especially if they had themselves received chiropractic care. Most entered chiropractic college with a nonchiropractic family background.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Managed care preapproval and its effect on the cost of Utah worker compensation claims.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of preauthorization of chiropractic services costs in non-surgical back injury cases in a managed care environment. The program was implemented in the chiropractic provider group by the Worker Compensation Fund of Utah. The results were compared with those of similar injury claims in a separate provider group in which there was no preauthorization program. DESIGN: The study was a retrospective review of approximately 5000 claims from 1986 and 5000 claims from 1989 of injured workers in the Utah Worker Compensation Fund. We extracted approximately 1000 nonsurgical back-related injury claims from each year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cost comparisons between medical and chiropractic provider groups in the management of nonsurgical compensable back pain in both 1986 and 1989. RESULTS: Treatment costs in cases managed by chiropractic physicians increased 12% between 1986 and 1989. Treatment cost in cases managed by medical physicians increased 71% in the same time period. Compensation (wage replacement) costs increased 21% for the chiropractic group and 114% for the medical group. CONCLUSION: Retrospective analysis of worker compensation databases continue to struggle with issues related to measurement of severity, appropriate condition identification, adequate inclusion of all related costs and unbiased case selection. Treatment costs appeared to be controlled under the auspices of a preapproval program required of the chiropractic physician whereas medical costs escalated in the absence of price controls.

Back Injuries↗