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Biomedical subjects

R B Miller

Publications and source records attributed to R B Miller.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Issues in ethics.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1995

Outbreak of vesicular dermatitis among horses at a midwestern horse show.

Dermatitis consisting of blisters on the nose and other parts of the body was reported among horses at a Midwestern horse show. Some horses also had jaundice, hematuria and anorexia. An outbreak investigation was initiated, and of 239 horses for which information could be obtained, 58 (24%) were found to have been affected. Median duration of illness was 5 days, and all horses recovered. Age, sex, water source, grain source, and stabling location were not associated with illness. The use of wood shavings bedding obtained at the show grounds was the factor most strongly associated with the development of vesicular lesions. Horses that became ill were 43 times more likely to have been bedded on wood shavings obtained from the show grounds than were horses that did not become ill. Among horses bedded on shavings from the show grounds, the risk was further increased by a factor of 5 if the shavings had been wetted. Neither organic nor heavy metal toxicants were identified in the samples of the wood shavings. However, samples did contain plant tissues originating from a tree belonging to the family Simaroubaceae, some species of which are known to cause vesicular eruptions in people.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Glomerular disease and lung transplantation.

Three patients with lung or heart/lung transplants developed nephrotic-range proteinuria 2 to 5 years posttransplantation. Kidney biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in two patients and probable focal sclerosis in the third. A retrospective review of postmortem kidney specimens from 18 lung transplant recipients who died did not indicate additional cases of glomerular disease. The three patients with glomerular disease after lung transplantation had very few clinical similarities other than nephrotic-range proteinuria and lung transplantation. Their underlying lung diseases were different, and their posttransplantation courses were very different in terms of pulmonary function, cyclosporine nephrotoxicity, and other complications. We did not find in the literature previous reports of de novo focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or other glomerular lesions after lung transplantation. We suspect that additional cases will be identified in the future.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Activation of murine macrophages and lymphocytes by Ureaplasma diversum.

Ureaplasma diversum is a pathogen in the bovine reproductive tract. The objective of the research was to study interactions with macrophages and lymphocytes which might elucidate aspects of pathogenetic mechanisms of this organism. We studied the activation of murine macrophages of C3H/HeN (LPS-responder) and C3H/HeJ (LPS-low-responder) genotype for TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1 and nitric oxide production and blastogenic response of C3H/HeJ splenocytes after Ureaplasma diversum stimulation. Live and heat-killed U. diversum induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 in peritoneal macrophage cultures of both C3H/HeN and C3H/HeJ mice in a dose dependent manner. Interferon-gamma modulated the cytokine production, by increasing the production of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and nitric oxide, but IL-1 secretion was only enhanced in C3H/HeJ macrophages stimulated by live ureaplasmas. Supernatant of U. diversum sonicate was mitogenic for murine spleen lymphocytes. The blastogenic response was dose dependent, and stimulation with both U. diversum and Concanavalin A seemed to have an additive effect. These results suggest that U. diversum, similar to other mycoplasmas, activates murine macrophages and lymphoid cells. The studies should be repeated with bovine cells in order to elucidate pathogenetic aspects of inflammation in cattle caused by U. diversum.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Effects of Ureaplasma diversum on bovine oviductal explants: quantitative measurement using a calmodulin assay.

Calmodulin (CAM) acts as an intracellular regulator of calcium, an important mediator of many cell processes. We used the CAM assay and electron microscopy to investigate the effects of Ureaplasma diversum on bovine oviductal explants obtained aseptically from slaughtered cows. A stock suspension of U. diversum (treated specimens) and sterile broth (controls) was added to replicates of cultured explants and incubated at 38 degrees C in an atmosphere of 5.5% CO2 for 48 hours. Explants were examined for ciliary activity, extracellular CAM loss, and for histological and ultrastructural changes. Explants and their culture media were examined for changes in CAM concentration. All experiments were replicated three times. In addition, U. diversum, medium and broth were assayed for CAM content. The concentrations of CAM in explants and media changed significantly (p < 0.05) in samples which were inoculated with U. diversum when compared to controls. The controls and infected specimens did not differ histologically or ultrastructurally, but U. diversum was seen to be closely associated with infected explant tissue. In view of this close affinity it is assumed the loss of CAM from the oviductal cells was causally related, but this was not proven. The failure to show cell membrane injury on light and electron microscopic examination was probably related to the short duration of the experiment and may only point out the sensitivity of the CAM assay in detecting early cell membrane injury. Compromise in characteristics of the medium to support both, the viability of oviductal cells and U. diversum limited the experimental time to 48 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Treatment of group E streptococci-induced lymphadenitis in swine by feeding various concentrations of chlortetracycline: relation of antibody with prevalence of abscesses.

Consumption of chlortetracycline (CTC) at concentration of 220 mg/kg of feed for 4 weeks in experiment 1 and at concentrations of 110 and 220 mg/kg for 3 weeks and 440 mg/kg for 2 weeks in experiment 2 failed to eliminate streptococci-induced lymphadenitis from swine referred to as principals. Abscesses, mostly in the head and neck, developed in at least a third of all swine in the various groups fed these CTC concentrations. Feeding of 220 mg of CTC/kg of feed in experiment 1 began 12 weeks after exposure of principals to an untypeable group E streptococci (GES; isolate 3X29A). In experiment 2, feeding of 110 and 220 mg of CTC/kg of feed began 5 weeks after exposure of principals to GES and feeding of 440 mg of CTC/kg of feed began 6 weeks after exposure. One or more cohabitating sentinel swine of experiment 1 and one or more sentinels in all groups of principals of experiment 2, except group 2, developed abscesses that were mostly in the head and neck. In experiment 2, correlation between serum GES antibody titer and development of one or more abscesses in the principals was highly significant (P < 0.01); however, correlation between antibody titer and abscesses in the sentinels only approached significance (P < 0.10).

Abscess↗
PubMed1993

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of diclofenac in human plasma using automated column switching.

A validated high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure employing ultraviolet detection for the analysis of diclofenac in human plasma is reported. The method is rapid and, coupled with column switching, leads to a sensitive, accurate and reproducible assay. The retention times of diclofenac and the internal standard (4'-methoxydiclofenac, CGP-4287) are 6.4 and 7.6 min, respectively. The peak height versus plasma concentration is linear over the range 5.0-2000 ng/ml with a detection limit below 2.5 ng/ml. The mean absolute recovery of diclofenac using the described assay is 96.5% (n = 24). The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision are within 8.3% of the actual values for all concentrations investigated. Furthermore, this procedure is applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of a single 75-mg oral dose of diclofenac sodium.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1993

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of indapamide in human whole blood.

A sensitive, accurate, and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the analysis of indapamide in human whole blood is reported. After a single-step liquid-liquid extraction at pH 6.6 using diethyl ether, indapamide was eluted from a Nucleosil C18 5-microns column with 80 mM ammonium acetate, pH 3.5-acetonitrile-2-propanol (65:30:5, v/v/v). The peak height versus whole blood concentration was linear over the range 10.0-500 ng/ml using ultraviolet detection. The mean absolute recovery of indapamide using the described assay was 87.4%. The inter- and intra-day accuracy and precision were within 9.6% of the actual values for all concentrations investigated. Furthermore, this procedure was applied to the analysis of whole blood samples from healthy subjects receiving a single 2.5-mg oral dose of indapamide.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗