Plasmodium gallinaceum: vaccination in chickens.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to R B McGhee.
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Crithidia harmosa and Crithidia fasciculata were compared immunologically by the indirect fluorescent antibody (FA) method and by agglutination. The FA technic yielded more specific results with cellular-debris than with whole-cell antigens. The immune sera collected from chickens 9 days after the last inoculations with whole-cell antigens had higher homologous titers than those collected after 4 days. Major antigenic differences between the 2 species were revealed by both methods. The electrophoretic patterns of C. harmosa and C. fasciculata obtained by polyacrylamide gel slab electrophoresis differed in the numbers and relative mobilities of their component bands.
The erythrocytic stages of Plasmdoium gallinaceum in chicken embryos injected with parasited blood either from a syringe-passaged infection in chickens or from a chicken infected with sporozoites were characterized by abnormal structure. Particularly evident were large, unstained vacuoles within the cytoplasm; these occurred with greatest frequency in schizonts. The presence of myelin bodies within these vacuoles was revealed by transmission electron microscopy; abnormal cytokinesis and aberrant merozoites provided additional evidence of the parasite's inability to develop naturally within the milieu of the embryonic erythrocytes. Fifty-five passages were necessary to restore normal structure of the parasites in embryos, while only 5 passages were required for such restoration in neonate chicks. The probable adaptation of the parasite to the proportions of hemoglobin of the adult chicken may be responsible for the abnormal growth in the immature host.
Experimental spinal cord injuries were induced in dogs by dropping calibrated weights through a vented tube onto a small impounder resting on the surgically exposed cord. The motion of the impounder and the drop-mass were recorded by high-speed photography and the resulting data were compared to those obtained from a computer simulation of the dynamics of the injury mechanism. It is concluded that this method of induced spinal cord injuries may yield markedly different degrees of cord compression depending upon the parameters of the animal material and apparatus even when the gm-cm of impact energy is maintained at a constant value. Some approaches to standardization of this injury model are suggested.
One Falco rusticolus and two of 24 Falco peregrinus were positive for Plasmodium relictum. Sixteen percent of the erythrocytes (RBC) of the gyrfalcon were parasitized. Following treatment with chloroquine the parasite burden was dramatically reduced (to less than 0.01%). Infection in peregrine falcons was low (0.01-0.4% RBCs were parasitized). This is the second report of Plasmodium in the gyrfalcon and the first report in the peregrine falcon.
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