Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R B Jaffe

Publications and source records attributed to R B Jaffe.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Popliteal cysts: presentation as thrombophlebitis.

Synovial-lined cysts in the popliteal space associated with rheumatoid arthritis or meniscal tears may compress the popliteal vein and produce signs and symptoms suggestive of thrombophlebitis. Because of a presumptive diagnosis of thrombophlebitis, venography may be performed initially and demonstrate compression of the popliteal vein by an extrinsic mass. The correct diagnosis of a popliteal cyst can easily be made with B-mode ultrasonography, and, if desired, confirmed by arthrography. Four cases are presented which emphasize these features.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Complete interruption of the aortic arch. 1. Characteristic radiographic findings in 21 patients.

The radiographs of 21 patients with complete interruption of the aortic arch are reviewed, together with the literature, to emphasize characteristic radiographic features previously not recognized or discussed. In addition to the nonspecific radiologic findings of a left-to-right shunt through the invariably present ventricular septal defect, charateristic and unique features noted on chest radiograph and barium swallow that may suggest the diagnosis prior to catheterization include: a) a midline trachea; b) a hypoplastic ascending aorta with direct vertical ascent toward the neck; c) absence of the aortic "knob;" d) termination of the descending thoracic aortic shadow at the level of the main pulmonary artery; e) a "low arch" on lateral or left anterior oblique projections; and f) absence of the normal aortic impression on the barium-filled esophagus. Rib notching, when present, in association with the above findings indicates a stenotic or closed ductus arteriosus with collateral circulation through intercostal arteries to the descending aorta. The bilateral or unilateral location, right or left side, of the notching is dependent on the site of interruption and origin of the subclavian arteries and may permit differentiation into types and subtypes on chest radiograph.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Sequential patterns of circulating LH and FSH in female sheep during the early postnatal period: effect of gonadectomy.

To determine the basis for the marked daily variability in circulating luteinizing hormone (LH) in the female lamb shortly after birth and to determine whether circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) exhibits similar variability during this period of life, serum levels of both gonadotropins were monitored frequently (20-min intervals) over a 3- or 6-hr period each week for the first 9 weeks of life. Similar measurements of circulating LH and FSH were made in lambs ovariectomized at 2 weeks of age to assess whether the ovary influences the secretion of these gonadotropins. Pulsatile release of LH, but not FSH, was observed in both groups of lambs. Although mean concentrations of circulating FSH in intact female lambs were similar to basal levels of the cyclic adult, mean concentrations of serum LH were much higher. Because of the discontinuous release of LH in intact lambs after 4-5 weeks of age, patterns of LH were often indistinguishable from those of the long-term ovariectomized adult. At 9 weeks of age the frequency of episodic LH release in intact lambs ranged from 0.33-1.1 pulses/hr. Castration at 2 weeks of age produced a concomitant, but delayed, rise in mean serum LH and FSH beginning 4-5 weeks later. By 9 weeks of age serum LH, but not FSH, had attained levels comparable to those of the castrated adult, and the mean frequency of LH release (about hourly) was similar for both groups. The results indicate that by 9 weeks of age the ovary of the lamb influences the secretion of LH and FSH. Because in the 9-week-old intact female lamb episodic release of LH occurs producing high (castrate) levels of this gonadotropin while circulating concentrations of FSH remain stable and within basal levels of the adult cycling female, it is suggested that acute concomitant release of LH and FSH does not occur at this age and that separate negative feedback loops for the control of LH and FSH secretion may exist during early postnatal life.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

Sequential patterns of circulating luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in female sheep from early postnatal life through the first estrous cycles.

Patterns of circulating LH and FSH were examined during several 6-h periods in developing female sheep from 3 weeks of age through the first estrous cycles (30--40 weeks of age) and early pregnancy. With the onset of pulsatile LH secretion, beginning 11 weeks after birth, circulating LH increased to levels 2- to 5-fold greater than those observed in the adult. Thereafter, high and variable levels of circulating LH persisted through young adulthood when ovarian cyclicity including ovulation became manifest. Although prior to the initial estrus changes in frequency of LH release (number of LH discharges/6-h period) appeared to occur randomly from week to week, after first estrus, changes in frequency became predictable. During the early (day 1) and late (day 15) luteal phases of the first estrous cycles, when circulating progesterone was low (less than 0.6 ng/ml), the frequency of LH release was increased (5--7 discharges/6 h) while during the mid-luteal phase (day 7--12), when circulating progesterone was high (2--4 ng/ml), the frequency was diminished (0--2 discharges/6 h). Massive and sustained discharges of LH which resembled preovulatory surges were observed only shortly before first estrus. In contrast to the pulsatile release pattern of LH, concentrations of circulating FSH within the 6-h periods were relatively constant and within the range found in the adult. These findings lead to the following conclusions: a) changes in negative feedback control are not directly responsible for the onset of ovarian cyclicity in the sheep as indicated by the lack of differences in mean concentrations of circulating LH and FSH before and after first ovulation; b) the onset of the surge mode of gonadotropin secretion occurs only shortly before first ovulation; and c) progesterone may play an inhibitory role in regulating tonic LH secretion during the first estrous cycles.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Strength-duration characteristics of estrogen effects on gonadotropin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in women. I. Effects of varying duration of estradiol administration.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of increased serum concentrations of estradiol of varying durations upon the gonadotropin responses to synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH or LRF). Beginning at 8:00 PM on the first day of the menstrual cycle, subjects received im injections of estradiol benzoate (E2B), 5 mug/kg initially, followed by 2.5 mug/kg every 12 h for a total of 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11 injections. Twelve h after the last E2B injection, or 36, 60, 84, 108, or 132 h after the first injection of E2B (2 subjects at each time interval), each subject received 100 mug GnRH, iv. In addition, each subject received 100 mug GnRH iv during one of the seven days of the antecedent (control) menstrual cycle during which no exogenous estradiol was administered. When GnRH was infused 36 h after the initiation of E2B pretreatment, there was no significant LH or FSH increase. In contrast, LH and FSH responses were augmented and prolonged when compared with control cycles when GnRH was administered at 84, 108, or 132 h. At 60 h, responses of LH were augmented, although not to as great a degree. FSH responses were not augmented at 60 h. Expressed as maximal increase from baseline, gonadotropin responses following E2B were 1 1/2 to 9 times those achieved during control cycles (without E2B). Since mean serum estradiol concentrations at 36 h (185.9 +/- 20.0), when gonadotropin responses were absent, were similar to those at 60 (157.7 +/- 31.6), 84 (186.2 +/- 38.1), 108 (181.3 +/- 46.7), and 132 h (128.0 +/- 43.0 pg/ml), when responses were augmented, these results support the concept that the modulating effect of estradiol on pituitary response is dependent upon the duration of exposure of the hypothalamic-pituitary system to increased concentrations of estradiol. It is probable that the duration of the late follicular phase rise in serum estradiol is responsible, at least in part, for the augmented gonadotropin response seen at midcycle.

Estradiol↗
PubMed1975

Cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor complex of female ovine pituitary: changes associated with the reproductive state and oestradiol treatment.

Binding of oestrone and oestradiol to a pituitary cytosol receptor was studied in ovariectomized sheep during the breeding season, during anoestrus and after oestradiol treatment during anoestrus. All sheep were ovariectomized 2 weeks before removal of the anterior pituitary. Oestrogen treatment consisted of the subcutaneous implantation of Silastic capsules containing oestradiol-17beta 3 weeks before ovariectomy. Association constants (KA) for oestrone and oestradiol and the concentration of binding sites for oestradiol varied with changes in reproductive state. Oestradiol bound more tightly and the concentration of available binding sites was lower during the breeding season than during anoestrus. The affinity of oestrone binding was less during the breeding season than during anoestrus, whilst the concentration of binding sites for this steroid did not change with changes in reproductive state. Treatment of anoestrous sheeep with oestradiol increased the KA for oestradiol and decreased the concentration of binding sites. However, no effect of oestradiol treatment was observed with regard to the KA or concentration of binding sites for oestrone. The results suggest that either the pituitary oestrogen cytoplasmic receptor undergoes a conformational change during the breeding season causing oestradiol to be more tightly bound or the onset of the breeding season is accompanied by the appearance of a new receptor which binds to oestradiol with greater affinity. Oestradiol treatment of anoestrous sheep mimics this change.

Animals↗