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Biomedical subjects

R B Burns

Publications and source records attributed to R B Burns.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Inhibition of eosinophils degranulation by Ketotifen in a patient with milk allergy, manifested as bronchial asthma--an electron microscopic study.

Electron microscopic studies provided evidence that a patient with cow's milk allergy, manifested as bronchial asthma, has prominent eosinophil granule discharge, attributable to the release of cytotoxic major basic protein (MBP). This finding illustrates a critical role of eosinophil MBP in anaphylactic injury induced by food allergen. Patient white blood cells pretreated with Ketotifen revealed intact ultrastructure of eosinophils granules and cytoplasm. Inhibition of eosinophils degranulation by Ketotifen demonstrates a new pharmacologic mode of action of this anti-allergic, anti-anaphylactic agent.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effect of ochratoxin A on immunoglobulins in broiler chicks.

The effect of ochratoxin A (OA) on the immune system was investigated in broiler chicks fed graded dietary levels of OA up to 4 ppm for 20 days from hatch. Immunofluorescent demonstration of IgG, IgA and IgM in sections of liver, kidney and lymphoid tissues was used to assess immune competence. Serum immunoglobulin levels were measured by radial immunodiffusion. Ochratoxin caused a significant depression in immunoglobulin-containing cells in all the lymphoid organs studied. Correspondingly, total immunoglobulin levels were also reduced in the sera from OA fed birds, immunosuppression being similar at both the 2 and 4 ppm OA levels. Deposition of immunoglobulins, especially IgG, in the glomerular basement membrane was seen with greater frequency in kidneys from OA fed fowls. Immunoglobulin-containing lymphoid cells occurred more frequently in the kidney parenchyma of these birds.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Ultrastructural study of the liver and kidney in ochratoxicosis A in young broiler chicks.

Ultrastructural changes are reported in the kidney and liver of 20-day-old broiler chicks fed ochratoxin A (OA), incorporated in the diet at levels of 2 and 4 ppm. Changes in the kidney included the presence of abnormally shaped mitochondria in the proximal convoluted tubules. There was an increase in the size and number of mitochondrial dense granules and cytoplasmic peroxisomes. Intranuclear and cytoplasmic lipid droplets and electron dense round bodies in the dilated smooth endoplasmic reticulum were also noted. Regional thickening and degeneration of the glomerular basement membrane was observed in some cases. In the liver from OA fed birds there was an increased accumulation of cytoplasmic glycogen in the hepatocytes. Abnormal mitochondrial ring forms in the kidney and the accumulation of glycogen in the liver are considered to be of diagnostic significance in ochratoxicosis of young broiler chicks. The severity of the changes was found to be dose related. These results suggest that the mitochondria in the proximal convoluted tubules of kidney were most sensitive to OA toxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Pathology of ochratoxicosis A in young broiler chicks.

Ochratoxin A (OA), a potent nephrotoxin, was fed in the diet in sublethal concentrations (2 and 4 ppm) to broiler chicks for 20 days from hatch. Its effects on growth, relative organ size and histology of the liver, kidney and lymphoid organs were investigated. In young broiler chicks, OA caused a significant enlargement of the kidney, liver and proventriculus, whereas the thymus and bursa of Fabricius were reduced in size. It principally affected the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney causing severe distension, enlargement and hypertrophy, and it also resulted in thickening of the glomerular basement membrane. In the liver, vacuolation and glycogen accumulation in the hepatocytes were seen. The toxin also caused regression of and a drastic reduction in the lymphoid cell population in the immunological organs. The toxicity of OA was found to be dose related.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Factorial rating system for comparative efficacy of antiasthmatic medication: a multicentric study report.

Faced with 1-year daily medication diaries from over 300 patients, each documenting the use of from one to five medications a day, we found it was necessary to devise a system which would reduce this data into a form which would allow a meaningful interpretation of changes of medications in a single patient or group of patients. Since the medications were principally steroids, beta agonists, or xanthines, representative agents were chosen as the standard for each class and the other medications were rated against them. A conversion factor was then determined to allow comparison between classes. Each medication taken by a patient could now be expressed as a single number and the sum of all the medications would be the individual's Asthma Medication Index. The AMI allowed (i) evaluation of a single patient over time, (ii) comparison of different patients at any single point or over a period of time, and (iii) evaluation of entire groups of patients over time as was the case in our evaluation of Zaditen. Application of the system allowed the differentiation of two therapeutic agents versus placebo during a 1-year study, revealing excellent correlation with the physician's global assessment of the patient's improvement. With proper modification of the basic drug groups and intergroup factor relationship, the Index can be adapted to any disease state where a change in concomitant medication is an indicator of therapeutic effect.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

Experimental eosinophilia in domestic fowls and ducks following horse serum stimulation.

Multiple intraperitoneal injections of horse serum given to domestic fowls at five different ages resulted in eosinophilia in 55% of adults and in 36% of the younger birds, the highest individual eosinophil level reached being 50% of the differential white cell count. The primary eosinophilic response in fowls was between injections 7 and 36 and there was a secondary response between injections 32 and 72. Horse serum injections produced an eosinophilia in 88% of adult ducks with a maximum individual level of 31% of the differential white cell count. In ducks, primary and secondary eosinophilic responses occurred at injections 13 and 28 respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Histology and immunology of Peyer's patches in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus).

Peyer's patches (PP) were identified in the small intestine of the domestic fowl by their thickened villi, flattened epithelium which lacked goblet cells and by the accumulations of lymphocytes in the form of encapsulated germinal centres (GC) and diffuse lymphoid tissue (DLT). Particles of orally administered carbon were seen in GC and DLT, in macrophages and within epithelial cells (M cells). Faults in the PP epithelium, which was positive for alkaline phosphatase, allowed the extrusion of lymphocytes into the intestinal lumen. Immunofluorescence detected more lymphoid cells with cytoplasmic IgG than IgA or IgM. Specific antibody production was seen in cells of GC ad DLT in PP from fowls that had received multiple injections of horse serum.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cloacal immunisation of the turkey using a soluble antigen.

1. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) in saline applied to the cloacal "lips" of turkeys was sucked in by quick movements (cloacal drinking). 2. BSA-stimulated antibody production was limited to lymphoid cells in the bursa of Fabricius and in the caecal tonsils. No serum antibody was detected after cloacal drinking of BSA. 3. This response is probably of significance in the local defence mechanism of the intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Histological and immunological studies on the fowl lacrimal gland following surgical excision of Harder's gland.

Surgical removal of the Harderian gland of the domestic fowl resulted in increased secretory activity in the lacrimal gland and also in an increase in goblet cell numbers along the length of the lacrimal gland duct. Plasma cells were more numerous in the lacrimal glands of operated birds and they were capable of antibody responses to both systemically and topically applied bovine serum albumin (BSA). Gel diffusion studies showed the presence of anti-BSA activity in the tears and serum of fowls stimulated after surgical removal of the Harderian gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The structure of the Harderian and lacrimal gland ducts of the turkey, fowl and duck. A light microscope study.

The secretory ducts of the Harderian and lacrimal glands of the turkey, fowl and duck are similar in both structure and function. The single duct of each gland is lined by mucus-secreting epithelium. The epithelial cells vary from cuboidal to columnar, and goblet cells of three types are found. Type A, the most numerous, contain neutral mucopolysaccharides, type B have mixed acid and sulphated mucosubstances and type C, the least numerous, contain acid mucins. In both ducts glycogen is present in the lumen, but it occurs intracellularly only in the fowl up to seven days after hatching. Lymphocytes, either as diffuse tissue or as germinal centres, are found scattered along the length of the ducts. Some plasma cells and plasmablasts are also present.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The ultrastructure of the epithelium of the ducts of the Harderian and lacrimal glands of the turkey, fowl and duck.

The ultrastructure of the epithelium in the Harderian and lacrimal gland ducts of the turkey, fowl and duck has been investigated. The findings establish that the ducts are fundamentally similar in morphology, although species differences occur. The duct epithelia are composed of cuboidal, columnar or pseudostratisfied columnar cells with many secretory vesicles as well as goblet cells. PAS-positive fibrillary rods and crystalline inclusions occupied the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum of the epithelial cells of turkeys. The crystals, which were thought to evolve from the rods, had a mean periodicity of 7.0 nm. In chicks between 1 and 3 days of age, but not in poults and ducklings, the duct epithelia displayed large intracytoplasmic deposits of glycogen which disappeared by the seventh day.

Animals↗