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Biomedical subjects

R B Brown

Publications and source records attributed to R B Brown.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Nosocomial infections in an obstetric and gynecologic hospital.

A prospective study was undertaken at Wesson Women's Unit of Baystate Medical Center to characterize and evaluate nosocomial infections. Using Center for Disease Control criteria, 59 of 1,297 patients undergoing obstetric or gynecologic procedures over a two-month period manifested nosocomial infections. The infected patients were proportionately divided between the obstetric and gynecologic services. However, within each group, certain procedures were associated with a greater incidence of postoperative hospital-acquired infection. Patients who underwent primary cesarean sections and vaginal hysterectomies were most at risk of developing nosocomial infections (22% and 19%, respectively). Nosocomial infection is still a major problem to the obstetrician-gynecologist. However, careful study can delineate patients at high risk, allowing appropriate intervention, including the use of prophylactic antibiotics. This may lead to a significant reduction in the incidence of nosocomial infections.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Cystoscopy.

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Cystoscopy↗
PubMed1978

Differences in etiology of pneumonias in nursing home and community patients.

Comparison of 35 elderly patients hospitalized with pneumonia acquired in nursing homes and 35 elderly patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia showed that 16 (47.1%) of the nursing home patients had received previous antibiotic therapy compared with two (5.9%) of the community patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae was isolated in 14 (40%) of the nursing home patients, but in only three (8.6%) of the community patients. Staphylococcus aureus was also more frequent in nursing home patients (nine, 25.7%) compared with community patients (five, 14.3%). Persons hospitalized with nursing home-acquired pneumonia should be treated initially with antimicrobial agents active against K pneumoniae and S aureus unless the clinical picture strongly suggests otherwise.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

A report on the student affairs and admissions programs of the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine.

The student administration and admissions functions of the College respond to numerous and diverse students needs and interests. The complexity of these programs, and the concept of this report precludes offering exacting detail or even mention of all activities encompassed under the concept of academic support services. The increased public interest in veterinary medicine has prompted significant increases in the number who apply each year. This causes particular emphasis to be given to the College Admissions program. Rapidly escalating costs of education mean increased dependency of students on our financial aid program at a time of static and potentially decreasing financial aid resources. Placement of graduates in the best possible employment opportunities has been and will continue to be vital to our overall missions. Involvement by students in activities beyond those purely curricular in nature, will always be critical to the health and growth of the College and the public it serves.

Educational Measurement↗
PubMed1977

Surgical and external ureteric trauma.

This paper details the aetiology, presentation, diagnosis, prophylaxis, treatment, and results, of 84 surgical and external ureteric injuries. Although the incidence of surgical ureteric trauma was found to be low it was related to both the particular operation performed and certain faults in surgical technique. The series emphasizes the importance of prophylaxis, early diagnosis, and specific therapy. There were 94 operations carried out on the 84 ureters, resulting in 22 nephrectomies and 63 open repair procedures, of which 55 were regarded as successful and 8 as failures.

Female↗
PubMed1976

Penetration of clindamycin phosphate into the abnormal human biliary tract.

Clindamycin phosphate, 600 mg, was given intravenously to 14 patients undergoing biliary tract surgery. Seven had complete obstruction of the common bile duct. Concentrations of total and active (nonesterified) antibiotic were measured in serum, gall bladder and common duct bile, gall bladder wall, and liver. Persons with patent common ducts had high levels of active drug at all hepatobiliary sites; concentrations were two and one half to three times higher in bile and liver than in serum. Persons with obstruction of the common duct had no measurable drug in bile and had reduced levels in gall bladder wall; however, concentrations in the liver were slightly higher than those in the group without obstruction. The results of this study suggest that, even in the presence of common duct obstruction, the concentrations of active clindamycin in the liver may be sufficient to limit the spread of intrahepatic infections due to susceptible organisms.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1975

Pharmacokinetics of lincomycin and clindamycin phosphate in a canine model.

Linomycin and clindamycin phosphate were studed in a canine model in which acute biliary obstruction was produced during iv infusion of antibiotic. Hepatic and renal extraction, bilary and renal excretion, and concentrations in liver and kidney were measured. Total and nonesterified clindamycin were assayed. The antibiotics were taken up by the liver at similar rates; however; the rates of excretion and concentration in bile were significantly higher for lincomycin than for clindamycin. Biliary obstruction did not affect the concentration of either antibiotic in canalicular bile. Lincomycin was extracted by the kidneys and excreted into urine at a much higher rate than was clindamycin. Concentrations of nonesterified clindamycin in the hepatic vein were higher than those in the portal vein, an observation suggesting metabolic activation within the liver. This relation was reversed by bilary obstructon. The results in this canine model indicate a greater role for the kedney in the disposition of lincomycin than in that of clindamycin, major differences between the rates of biliary excretion of the two agents, and a probable change in the metabolism of clindamycin procued by acute bilary obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Predictability of blood levels of gentamicin in man.

Data from 42 patients were analyzed to determine the predictability of the peak serum level and the t1/2 of gentamicin on the bases of age, sex, body weight, serum concentration of creatinine, and blood hematocrit. Renal function was normal in 21 patients and impaired in 21. The most striking finding was the relatively poor predictability of t1/2 of gentamicin from serum concentration of creatinine. The overall correlation coefficient was 0.749 (P less than 0.001) in contrast to values of greater than 0.9 reported by others. tthere was a significant correlation of the t1/2 of gentamicin with the reciprocal of hematocrit (r * 0.647, P less than 0.001). Linear regression equations taking account of sex, serum creatinine concentration, and reciprocal of hematocrit provided a somewhat higher correlation coefficient (0.821) with the t1/2 of gentamicin than did the equation including serum creatinine concentration alone but were still not fully satisfactory. Thus the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin may not be adequately predictable from standardized equations or nomograms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Relation between lipophilicity and pharmacological behavior of minocycline, doxycycline, tetracycline, and oxytetracycline in dogs.

Four tetracyclines were studied in dogs to determine the relation between their lipophilicity and various other pharmacological characteristics. Lipid solubility correlated inversely with the mean concentration of drug in arterial plasma and renal uptake and excretion, and directly with the biliary concentration gradient (level in bile/level of free drug in serum). Only the more lipophilic congeners minocycline and doxycycline passed the blood-brain and blood-ocular barriers in detectable concentrations. Mean levels of minocycline in the brain exceeded those of doxycycline by almost threefold; the difference was of borderline statistical significance (P = 0.05 to 0.1). Lipophilicity correlated inversely with the concentration of antibiotic in renal medulla but not in renal cortex or in the liver. When intestinal loops containing saline, milk, or 10% Gelusil were studied, the only combination exhibiting striking intraluminal accumulation was doxycycline in milk. These results indicate that lipophilicity correlates with many, but not all, of the transport characteristics of tetracycline antibiotics.

Animals↗