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Biomedical subjects

R B Aird

Publications and source records attributed to R B Aird.

24 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Some excitatory and inhibitory factors involved in the epileptic state.

Many factors are involved in the determination of the epileptic threshold and the precipitation of epileptic seizures. The balance between the underlying excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms are often imperfectly understood. However, some of these factors must be fully considered if the management of those with epilepsy is to be effective. This applies especially to children. Certain types of epilepsy are genetically determined, and others are age-related. Development of the brain plays a crucial role in the changing liability to epilepsy. If these processes are disturbed by various lesions and diseases, such as metabolic and toxic disorders, protective mechanisms may suffer. Kindling and mirror foci, the role of the cerebellum, and reflex epilepsy will be discussed. There are some seizure-inducing factors which are susceptible to change, and can be as important as anti-epileptic drugs in controlling seizures. The use and limitations of these measures, and of drugs, will be considered.

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypothesis: the classification of epileptic seizures according to systems of the CNS.

Several comprehensive classifications of the epilepsies and epileptic syndromes have been proposed and the purpose of the last one (1985) was to supplement the International Classification of Epileptic Seizures as accepted by the General Assembly of the International League Against Epilepsy in 1981. These efforts represent a major contribution to a difficult problem, which must be continued as further scientific advances permit. Categorization according to clinical seizure type is a logical approach, inasmuch as response to antiepileptic medication depends more on seizure type than on etiological or other factors. A limitation of this approach, however, has arisen as a result of the Commission's failure to relate clinical seizure types to the underlying neurophysiology that mediates them. This has resulted in the categorization of absence as a generalized form of seizure along with generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS). On the other hand, temporal lobe seizures (including automatisms) have been categorized as a complex form of partial seizures, which emphasizes their focal origin. It is the belief of the authors that a further clarification might be achieved, if a differentiation of seizure types is made with respect to the underlying CNS circuitry which mediates the sustained discharge that determines the clinical manifestations of each type. Focal origins, while significant, assume a secondary importance, since they do not explain the sustained discharge that mediates clinical seizure types, except in the case of elementary partial seizures (EPS) that remain discretely localized. In contradistinction to GTCS that essentially involve the entire CNS, absence and complex partial seizures (CPS) should be categorized as limited forms of seizures, mediated by bilateral, regional systems.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Central Nervous System↗