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Biomedical subjects

R Avila

Publications and source records attributed to R Avila.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Structural changes induced by He-Ne laser on the chick embryo ovary.

UNLABELLED: The morpho-histochemical alterations that occur in the chicken ovary at 7 days of incubation after irradiation with He-Ne laser of a potency of 5 mw and at a wavelength of 632.8 nm were studied. The embryos were irradiated for 5 minutes through a window opened in the eggshell and aseptically maintained in incubator for 24 hours. The gonads were dissected out and processed for the following techniques: H/E, PAS, alcian blue, and toluidine blue. CONTROLS: The ovaries were formed by a germinative or superficial epithelium, with germ and epithelial cells, and by primary sex cords compressed between them, although separated by a reduced stroma. The cords contained germ cells The surface coat of the germinative epithelium presented a thin layer of PAS positive, alcianophilic at pH 25 and orthochromatic material. Basement membranes and intercord extracellular substance were also PAS positive. PROBLEMS: Disorganization of the tissue structure was well manifest in irradiated gonads, accompanied by negativization of the histochemical reactions. A lymphocytic infiltration was also found. No structural alterations were observed in germ or epithelial cells. It is concluded that laser radiations would act producing decrease of the mucosubstances associated to the plasma membrane and basement membrane. They would also provoke the appearance of an inflammatory mononuclear infiltration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Enterolithiasis].

The term enterolithiasis refers to concretions formed within the gastrointestinal tract. Conditions causing stasis predispose formation of enteroliths, which may be either radiopaque or radiolucent. Thus, a wide spectrum of intestinal disorders are associated with enterolithiasis including intestinal diverticulum, Crohn's ileitis, intestinal tuberculosis, radiation enteritis and strictures after surgery. The authors report one patient with intestinal obstruction as a complication of enterolithiasis and diagnosed previously as gallstone ileus. The pathogenesis and management concerning this entity are also discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Proposal for the teaching and application of informatics at medical schools].

Informatics is the discipline that process efficiently all the necessary data to obtain information. The data acquisition, processing and interpretation is realized through traditional as well as automated means. Medical Informatics is the union of all methods of informatics in medicine including the preparation of medical data required for the application of these methods. Due to the need to keep up with the increasing amount of data that modern medicine is receiving and efficiently process it to obtain meaningful information, we propose the creation of a department of Medical Informatics in our Medical School to: 1) Teach the basic principles of medical informatics to undergraduate and graduate students, including lectures in: Information technics, medical terminology, medical linguistics, international classification of diseases, Hospital informations Systems, practical application of computing in medicine as Oncocyn, Mycin, etc., as well as external data bases. 2) Help the health sciences personnel to obtain and transfer medical information through the National and International Electronic Networks of Medical Information.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed1991

[Anomalies of the umbilical cord and its association with fetal malformations].

An evaluation of 1500 perinatal autopsies is presented and the findings of umbilical cord anomalies are related to fetal malformations. The most frequent pathologies of the umbilical cord were one umbilical artery and stenosis of the cord. The author highlights the importance of a thorough examination of the umbilical cord and of the placenta.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1989

Therapy of lower respiratory tract infections: a comparison of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime.

The objectives of this open, prospective, randomized and comparative study were to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous ceftriaxone (active ingredient of Rocephin) and cefotaxime in treatment of bacterial pneumoniae. Forty-three patients were enrolled in the study and in 40 (21 in the ceftriaxone group and 19 in the cefotaxime group) we were able to make an evaluation. Bacteriological results were essentially based on a positive culture obtained with transtracheal aspirate (TTA) - 34 out of 40 cases; in the remaining patients, at least an initial positive sputum culture was obtained. Most of the lower respiratory tract infections were secondary to previous chronic respiratory diseases or were nosocomial infections; 25 out of 40 cases were considered to be severe or critical situations. The overall efficacy (bacteriological eradication plus clinical cure or clear improvement) of ceftriaxone and cefotaxime were 90.5% (19/21) and 73.7% (14/19), respectively (p less than 0.05). The tolerability of both drugs was good: 16 (76.2%) patients in the ceftriaxone group and 12 (63.2%) in the cefotaxime group had no adverse events, while in 5 and 7 patients, respectively, tolerability was considered satisfactory (minor side effects, none of which required discontinuation or even reduction of dosage).

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Complementary DNA derived structure of the amino-terminal domain of human apolipoprotein B and size of its messenger RNA transcript.

In this paper the sequence of a 5.2-kilobase (kb) cDNA covering the amino-terminal domain of human apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB-100) is reported. The cDNA-derived protein sequence provides the primary structure of 1748 amino acids. This segment of apoB-100 is more hydrophilic than hydrophobic and contains short stretches of predicted helical and beta structures that are interrupted by beta turns. Blotting analysis of RNA isolated from fetal human and adult monkey tissues and various human cell lines showed synthesis of apoB mRNA by liver and intestine and by cells of hepatic (HepG2) and intestinal (Caco-2) origin. The isolation and characterization of overlapping cDNA clones, which provide a nearly full-length copy of human apoB-100, are also reported. From the length of these clones the size of the cytoplasmic apoB mRNA is estimated to be 14.0 kb and codes for a protein of approximately 512,000 daltons.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Complete primary structure of the major component myoglobin of Pacific common dolphin (Delphinus delphis).

The complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from Pacific common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, was determined by the automatic Edman degradation of several large peptides obtained by specific cleavages of the protein. More than 80% of the covalent structure was established by the degradation of the apomyoglobin and five peptides from: (1) cyanogen bromide cleavage at the two methionine residues, (2) trypsin cleavage of the acetimidated apomyoglobin at the three arginine residues, and (3) 2-p-nitrophenylsulfenyl-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolenine cleavage at the two tryptophan residues. The rest of the sequence was determined by use of the peptides prepared from further digestion of the central cyanogen bromide peptide with staphylococcal protease and trypsin. The primary structure of this myoglobin proved identical with that from the Atlantic bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, but showed four substitutions with respect to the sequence reported for the Black Sea dolphin which has also been given the designation Delphinus delphis.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

Respiratory disease caused by synthetic fibres: a new occupational disease.

Seven patients exposed to the inhalation of synthetic fibres presented with various bronchopulmonary diseases, such as asthma, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, chronic bronchitis with bronchiectasis, spontaneous pneumothorax, and chronic pneumonia. The histological features are described and an attempt has been made to set up immunological techniques for the diagnosis. A series of histochemical techniques, based on textile chemistry, are proposed for the identification of the inclusions found in bronchopulmonary lesions. The results of the experimental production of the disease in guinea-pigs by the inhalation of synthetic fibre dusts are presented. The prognosis of these cases is good in the acute or recently established cases but is poor when widespread and irreversible fibrosis has set in. The authors consider that pulmonary disease due to inhaled particles is probably set off by an individual factor, possibly immunological.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absorption of intra-bronchial diprophylline-methodology and preliminary results.

With the objective of measuring alveolo-capillary permeability, a diprophylline solution (molecular weight 254 D) was instilled as a bolus. Instillation was performed through distallized impacted fiber bronchoscope and 3 normal volunteers and 3 patients with pulmonary fibrosis were evaluated. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals with subsequent pharmacokinetic study, mainly aimed at determining absorption kinetics. This technique enabled us to distinguish the two groups of individuals which had different absorption rates. In controls, kinetics apparently followed a simple, one compartment model for absorption, which was slower and occurred to a lesser extent. Patients with a pulmonary fibrosis had a faster and higher degree of absorption, with a larger plasma Cmax. In the latter group two-compartment kinetics for absorption was found. We conclude that absorption kinetic parameters can disclose data on structural integrity of epithelia and possible lesions of the lung interstitium.

Absorption↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Results of a clinical trial with a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus tyrosine adsorbed vaccine.

Twenty-eight patients were included in a double-blind placebo-controlled study of a vaccine containing tyrosine-adsorbed Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus antigen (Migen(R)). The aim of the trial was to show the efficacy and safety of Migen as a 6-injection course, with or without a follow-up course of 6 maintenance doses, for the treatment of bronchial asthma. The patients selected had suffered from perennial asthma for at least 2 years and gave a strong skin reaction to house dust mite. The subjects in the study were divided into two groups: one of twelve patients receiving only a standard course of six graded injections at weekly intervals and the other of sixteen patients receiving the same course followed by a maintenance course comprising six injections of the highest strength (400 N.U.). Approximately half the patients in each of these groups were on placebo. Assessment was based on the patient's and doctor's impression of the response to the treatment using a daily symptom record card and clinical observation of the patient at regular intervals. The overall assessment was graded in accordance with the following four point scale: very good, good, same and worse. Results showed that the pa tients receiving Migen as a 6-injection course responded better than patients receiving placebo; moreover, patients who received 6 maintenance injections of Migen gave a very good or good response compared to those who were submitted to 12 injections of placebo and also compared to those receiving the standard course. Particular notice was taken of the side effects of the vaccine. Migen proved to be a good and and safe method of treating bronchial asthma due to house dust mite (D. pteronyssinus).

Adolescent↗