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Biomedical subjects

R Austin

Publications and source records attributed to R Austin.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Recombinant human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) given as daily short infusions--a phase I dose-toxicity study.

Twenty patients with progressive metastatic solid tumours were entered into a study to evaluate the biological effects and toxicity of recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF was given as half-hour intravenous infusions during two 10-day phases of daily treatments (separated by 10 days without GM-CSF) and over a final phase of 20 days of alternate day infusions. Doses were escalated in steps from 0.3 to 60 micrograms kg-1 day-1 between successive patient groups. Significant increases (P less than 0.005) of total leucocyte, neutrophil and eosinophil polymorph counts were seen over the periods of daily infusions (up to four-fold rises of total white count) at dose levels of 10 micrograms kg-1 and above. Counts produced at 30 micrograms kg-1 were significantly higher than at 10 micrograms kg-1 (P less than 0.025). Toxic side effects of GM-CSF included mild transient pyrexias, bone pain and pruritus. The maximum tolerated dose was 60 micrograms kg-1, which produced severe toxicity in 80% of patients. The toxicity at this dose included pericarditis and dyspnoea ascribed to a 'capillary-leak' syndrome. One patient receiving 60 micrograms kg-1 died as a result of a pulmonary embolus. Seven patients with previously rapidly progressive metastatic tumours experienced stabilisation of disease while receiving GM-CSF and one patient with a previously heavily pretreated metastatic soft tissue sarcoma underwent a greater than 50% reduction of tumour volume. Patients undergoing chemotherapy may benefit both from a reduction of the myelosuppressive effects of cytotoxic agents and from an antitumour effect if GM-CSF is incorporated into future regimens.

Colony-Stimulating Factors↗
PubMed1988

Clinical comparison of topical solutions containing trimethoprim in treating ocular surface bacterial infections.

Thirty-nine patients with bacterial ocular surface infections (conjunctivitis, blepharitis or blepharoconjunctivitis) were evaluated after treatment with a topically applied ophthalmic solution containing trimethoprim. A combination of trimethoprim and polymixin B (TP) produced identical clinical and microbiologic responses when compared to a solution containing, in addition to trimethoprim and polymyxin B, sulfacetamide. The sulfa component was not essential to produce desired clinical and microbiologic results.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1988

Phase I study of recombinant DNA granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor.

In this Phase I study of rh GM-CSF three patients have been entered at each of the following dose levels--0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 30 micrograms/kg/day. The mean total white cell count (x 10(9)/l) over the first ten days of rh GM-CSF rose from 11 to 14 at 3 micrograms/kg, 8 to 23 at 10 micrograms/kg and 7 to 27 at 30 micrograms/kg. Side effects included transient pyrexias after the first two infusions of rh GM-CSF and bone pains which were severe and required analgesia in two patients receiving 30 micrograms/kg and one receiving 10 micrograms/kg. No neutralizing antibodies to rh GM-CSF have been detected in the six patients tested to date. Patients are now being studied at 60 micrograms/kg/day.

Colony-Stimulating Factors↗
PubMed1985

Trimethoprim-polymyxin B ophthalmic solution in treatment of surface ocular bacterial infections.

A safety and efficacy study comparing the clinical and bacteriologic effectiveness of trimethoprim-sulfacetamide-polymyxin B-neomycin-gramicidin in a group of patients with surface ocular bacterial infections was conducted. The results demonstrated TSP to be as effective as the other solution (both clinically and bacteriologically), with fewer adverse experiences. A second study was conducted comparing TSP with trimethoprim-polymyxin B (TP) and found TP to be superior to TSP in effecting bacteriologic cures. Clinical response was similar in both groups, and the low incidence of mild adverse experiences was approximately the same. It appears that the combination of trimethoprim with polymyxin B is safe and highly efficacious, both clinically and microbiologically, for the treatment of surface ocular bacterial infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Hyperdense renal masses: a CT manifestation of hemorrhagic renal cysts.

Eleven patients with sharply circumscribed round to ovoid renal cysts measuring 70-90 H on CT are reported. The cysts were hyperdense on unenhanced scans, measuring 30-60 H greater than the adjacent parenchyma, and either hypodense, isodense, or hyperdense on enhanced scans. Four patients had polycystic kidney disease; of the other 7 patients, the cysts were cortical in 6 and parapelvic in 1. Eight patients had a solitary cyst and 3 had multiple cysts. Sonography demonstrated internal echoes and/or lack of increased through-transmission in 6 patients. Pathological analysis was available in 6 cases and indicated a benign, hemorrhagic renal cyst. This hyperdense CT appearance is characteristic of some hemorrhagic renal cysts, though differentiation between benign and malignant cysts requires cyst puncture and/or surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Ancillary-written prescription errors.

Prescriptions written by 261 doctors and their ancillaries were examined for errors. Owing to the differential incidence of such errors in the two groups, socio-economic characteristics were investigated but there was little to explain the differing standards of prescription writing. However, further examination revealed a strong tendency for doctors who make errors to have ancillary staff who also make errors, and vice versa.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

Tardy palsy of the radial nerve from a Monteggia fracture.

A case of tardy palsy of the radial nerve, which developed 65 years after a Monteggia fracture that remained unreduced, is described. The weakness recovered sufficiently well for a tendon transference to bu unnecessary, partly because the patient was semi-retired. This condition is rare but comparison with the only two similar reported case of tardy radial and posterior interosseous nerve palsy associated with long-standing dislocation of the superior radio-ulnar joint suggests that the prognosis for recovery of such a palsy following excision of the radial head is better than might be expected.

Aged↗