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Biomedical subjects

R Auerbach

Publications and source records attributed to R Auerbach.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Malignant melanoma in situ in two patients treated with psoralens and ultraviolet A.

Two patients are reported who were treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) for psoriasis and developed cutaneous lesions of malignant melanoma in situ (atypical melanocytic hyperplasia). One patient received 324.5 joules/cm2 of UVA. Seven months after discontinuing therapy, he developed a superficial spreading melanoma in situ in association with an intradermal nevus on the left posterior thoracic area. The second patient received 2,802 joules/cm of UVA. While on PUVA therapy she developed an in situ lentigo melanoma on her lower lip. To our knowledge only one other psoriatic patient and one patient with vitiligo have developed malignant melanomas after PUVA therapy, so that an increased incidence of malignant melanomas after PUVA therapy, so that an increased incidence of malignant melanoma following PUVA is not documented.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

PGE2 and angiogenesis.

The angiogenic capability of PGE2 was tested by implanting pellets of an ethylene vinyl acetate slow release polymer containing PGE2 on the chorioallantoic membrane of 8-day-old chicken embryos. Elvax pellets releasing approximately 0.2, 2.0, or 20 ng/day PGE2 were found to induce neovascular responses. In contrast, pellets releasing 2.0 or 20 ng/day of either PGA2, PGF2, or TXB2 did not appear to be angiogenic when compared with PGE2. These release rates of PGE2 are similar to those reported for a variety of tumors, activated macrophages, inflammatory exudates, and rheumatoid synovia, suggesting that PGE2 may be a key factor in various neovascular reactions.

Allantoin↗
PubMed1982

Histocompatibility and isoenzyme differences in commercially supplied "BALB/c" mice.

BALB/c mice obtained commercially were found to differ significantly from the standard phenotype of BALB/c strain mice. Isoenzyme tests and H-2 haplotype analyses indicated that the majority of mice from two of the three sources tested appeared mixed, frequently heterozygous, and did not consistently express either the expected H-2 or glucose phosphate isomerase type.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Regional differences in the growth of normal and neoplastic cells.

This article provides a review of the literature on anteroposterior differences in the growth and functional expression of normal and neoplastic cells. Diverse studies in immunology, wound healing, carcinogenesis, transplantation biology, and developmental biology are brought together to emphasize the practical implications of regional differences for research protocols in all these areas of research. The more fundamental question of mechanisms is approached by consideration of variations in the vascular supply, pattern of nervous system development, expression of temperature differentials, and the establishment of metabolic gradients during development.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Monoclonal antibody against angiotensin-converting enzyme: its use as a marker for murine, bovine, and human endothelial cells.

A monoclonal antibody has been prepared against rat angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). By selection for antibody binding to endothelial cells of bovine rather than rat origin we have obtained a reagent that has broad cross-species binding properties and that can at the same time serve as a useful marker for the surface of endothelial cells. The IgM-producing clone that we have established, alpha-ACE 3.1.1, has been grown in ascites form to yield ascites fluid that binds selectively to immobilized ACE at a greater than 1:10,000 dilution. By use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunofluorescence histology, and flow cytometry, we have demonstrated the presence of ACE on endothelial cells of murine, bovine, and human origin. By means of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS-IV) we have been able to selectively isolate viable endothelial cells from a mixture of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. We believe the antibody will be useful not only for the selection and in vitro cultivation of endothelial cells but also as a tool for the identification and pharmacological study of ACE.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Tumor-induced neovascularization in the mouse eye.

Tumor fragments implanted in the mouse cornea induce a neovascular reaction characterized by the penetration of new blood vessels into the avascular cornea that ultimately reach the tumor to permit its further rapid growth. A method to achieve angiogenesis in the mouse cornea was studied, as well as the histologic and gross manifestations of the neovascular reaction and the effect of tumor cells or host irradiation on the observed angiogenic response. Sequential stages of tumor-induced neovascularization are described and documented for sarcoma 180- and C755 mammary adenocarcinoma-induced angiogenesis. A number of distinct processes of the angiogenesis response to tumors are discussed which suggest that several families of angiogenesis-inducing factors may mediate each of these processes. The importance of the development of a mouse model for the study of angiogenesis is stressed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1982

Liver biopsies upsilon liver scans in methotrexate-treated patients with psoriasis.

The possibility of hepatotoxic reactions in 24 patients receiving long-term methotrexate therapy for psoriasis was evaluated by both liver biopsies and technetium TC 99 m sulfur-colloid liver scans. The two diagnostic methods were compared in a retrospective analysis. Six of 17 patients with clinically normal liver biopsy interpretations were found to have abnormal liver scans, while three of five patients with histologically proved fibrosis had completely normal liver scans. We conclude that hepatotoxic reactions from long-term methotrexate use in psoriasis cannot be reliably evaluated by the technetium Tc 99m sulfur colloid liver scan.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Immunological reactivity of monoclonal antibodies prepared against large ganglion cells from bovine retina.

This report describes the preparation of a highly specific reagent (monoclonal antibody) that reacts selectively with large ganglion cells of bovine retina. Other cells populations of bovine retina react weakly or not at all, but neurons in brain regions of ox other than retina also bind the immunoglobulins specifically. Species specificity was indicated by a weak reaction with cat and dog retinal neurons, and organ specificity was shown by lack of reaction with bovine liver. This highly specific reagent can be used to classify the subsets of large retinal ganglion cells on the basis of their antigenic properties and to identify neurons in different brains regions that share antigenic determinants.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Methotrexate hepatotoxicity in psoriasis. Consideration of liver biopsies at regular intervals.

Fibrosis of the liver developed to a degree that contraindicated further treatment with methotrexate in 11 of 43 patients who had been receiving maintenance therapy with methotrexate for psoriasis. Liver biopsy had been performed prior to initiation of methotrexate therapy and was repeated at 12- to 18-month intervals. In this retrospective study, age of the patient and duration of therapy have been found to be significant factors in those patients receiving only the weekly oral dosage schedule. Yearly biopsies of the liver are recommended for patients who receive methotrexate throughout their courses of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Regional differences in the growth of skin transplants.

We have previously reported that marked differences exist in the relative growth rate of tumors transplanted i.d. or s.c. into different regions of the mouse trunk. The present experiments were undertaken to determine whether or not these regional differences applied uniquely to tumor tissue or whether or not there existed a more basic underlying principle influencing normal tissue growth as well. As a test system we used skin transplants between histocompatible C57BL/6J and C57BL/6-c2J mice. Grafts were placed middorsally in the thoracic or lumbar region and compared for rate of healing in, skin retraction, growth, and hair formation. A marked differential in the establishment and growth of skin grafts was seen: anteriorly placed skin transplants uniformly resulted in larger grafts than did similar transplants placed more posteriorly. Our experiments suggest that there are basic physiologically differences between the more anterior and posterior regions of the trunk that are reflected in the relative growth and maintenance of tissue transplants. As yet we have no clear indication of what factors contribute to this anteroposterior differential.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Feto-maternal histoincompatibility and placental blood flow.

1. We have designed experiments aimed at resolving some of the controversy concerning the effect of histoincompatibility on the development of the fetus and its placenta. 2. Experiments included the generation of pregnancies in which H-2 compatible and H-2 histoincompatible embryos were simultaneously present. Genetic markers (Brachyury and Kink) were used to facilitate determination of the H-2 haplotype. Additional strain combinations were used to analyse the role of non-H-2 differences. 3. In addition to determining fetal and placental weights, blood flow to the placenta was measured by use of radioisotope-labelled microspheres introduced into the arterial circulation. 4. Under the conditions of our experiments we have failed to detect differences in fetal weight, in placental weight, or in placental blood flow. 5. Thus we support the increasingly prevalent view that histo-incompatibility does not necessarily lead to changes in placental or fetal weight, and we add the additional finding that placental blood flow also is not significantly altered as a result of feto-maternal incompatibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Angiogenesis in the mouse cornea.

We have developed a method that permits analysis of neovascular responses in the mouse cornea. Using this method we have demonstrated that both allogeneic lymphocytes and a variety of tumors can induce angiogenesis, but that only the latter appear capable of eliciting secondary capillary sprouting.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy. Effect on levels of intercellular antibodies in pemphigus vulgaris.

A patient with pemphigus vulgaris and serious side effects of steroid therapy was treated by exchange plasmapheresis. Eight plasmaphereses were performed over six weeks. Each procedure reduced the serum level of intercellular antibodies by 50% to 87%. A rebound in levels of intercellular antibodies usually followed their depletion but could be minimized or completely suppressed by administration of cyclophosphamide. After six weeks of therapy, clinical symptoms had greatly improved and intercellular antibody levels had decreased from a titer of 5,120 to 160. It is not possible to ascribe these improvements specifically to plasmapheresis since the patient was concurrently receiving low doses of prednisone and intermittent treatment with cyclophosphamide.

Autoantibodies↗
PubMed1979

Treatments of premature ejaculation and psychogenic impotence: a critical review of the literature.

Research on the treatments of premature ejaculation and psychogenic impotence is reviewed. Problems with the existing definitions of these disorders are discussed. The studies are reviewed under seven major headings: depth therapies, behavior therapies, hypnosis, drug therapy, mechanotherapy, reeducative and supportive therapies, and extensive retraining programs. Most of the studies were case reports. Considerable methodological weaknesses were found, most notably the failure to specify subject and treatment variables, the confounding of treatment methods, inadequate or nonexistent control groups, limited, if any, follow-up assessments of treatment effects, and a failure to obtain partner validation of subjects' progress. The studies which used systematic desensitization and the studies which assessed the extensive retraining programs reported the most consistently positive results, although better-controlled replications are needed. Among other issues, it was suggested that future investigators examine the impact of treatment of homogeneous samples and conduct controlled comparisons of different treatment methods.

Artificial Organs↗