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Biomedical subjects

R Attanasio

Publications and source records attributed to R Attanasio.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Activity of several antibiotics against staphylococci.

The activity of ten antibiotics was determined against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates. Vancomycin, cephalothin, rifampicin and clindamycin were the most active antimicrobial agents. Considering the potential toxicity problems of vancomycin and the ability of clindamycin to increase opsonization, our data suggest that clindamycin may have a potential therapeutic use in the treatment of infections caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

The GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) test in acromegaly before and after adenomectomy.

The GHRH test may represent a new tool in the study of GH dynamics in acromegaly. GH responsiveness to GHRH 1-40 (50 micrograms iv) has been studied in 21 acromegalic patients. Nineteen out of 21 had active disease. Five patients were also studied 1-12 months after neurosurgery. Two apparently cured acromegalics were studied 1-2 yr after surgery. GH secretion has been evaluated in all patients by means of TRH, bromocriptine and insulin hypoglycemia tests, too. GH response to GHRH has also been performed in 14 normal subjects. In acromegaly, GH responses after GHRH (p less than 0.01 vs placebo) were variable. The GH peak ranged from 8 to 445 ng/ml in patients with active disease. Maximum GH increase after GHRH (calculated as peak/basal value ratio) was significantly reduced in acromegaly (2.9 +/- 0.5 ng/ml; mean +/- SE) in comparison to controls (34.1 +/- 10.9 ng/ml; p less than 0.01). No significant differences in GH pattern after GHRH were found between untreated and previously treated patients with active disease. A significant correlation was found between GH basal levels and GH incremental area (p less than 0.05) and between GH basal and peak levels (p less than 0.01) after GHRH. A significant increase in PRL secretion was observed in acromegalic patients after GHRH (p less than 0.01 vs placebo). No discernable variation was found in the other pituitary hormones pattern after the peptide administration. A positive correlation was observed between GH increase after GHRH and insulin hypoglycemia (p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acromegaly↗
PubMed1987

Synergistic inhibition of anatid herpesvirus replication by acyclovir and phosphonocompounds.

Plaque reduction assays were used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of acyclovir (ACV), phosphonoacetate (PAA), and phosphonoformate (PFA) with a plaque-purified isolate of anatid herpesvirus (AHV-ppc3). A plaque assay employing a liquid overlay medium was developed to facilitate the drug inhibition studies. From dose-response curves, the ID50 for PAA, PFA, and ACV were 20, 12, and 0.14 micrograms/ml, respectively. From data obtained from combination dose-response curves, dose isobolograms were prepared and used to determine the types of interactions between drug pairs. Whereas the interaction between PFA and PAA was additive, synergism occurred with ACV and either PAA or PFA. Drug-resistant mutants of AHV-ppc3 resistant to 8.0 micrograms/ml ACV, 250 micrograms/ml PAA, 180 micrograms/ml PFA or 6.0 micrograms/ml AHV, and 220 micrograms/ml PAA were isolated.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1987

Role of aging on growth hormone and prolactin release after growth hormone-releasing hormone and domperidone in man.

Growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) secretion after GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and domperidone (DOM), an antidopaminergic drug which does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), was evaluated in 8 healthy elderly men (65-91 years) and in 7 young adults (23-40 years). All received in random order at 2-day intervals: GHRH(1-40) (50 micrograms i.v.) bolus, DOM (5 mg/h) infusion, GHRH(1-40) (50 micrograms i.v.) plus DOM (5 mg/h i.v.), saline solution. In elderly men GH increase after GHRH was significantly lower than in young men. DOM alone did not change GH secretion in either of these groups, whereas it increased the GH response to GHRH only in young adults. PRL levels increased in both young and elderly men during both DOM and GHRH plus DOM, but the PRL release was more marked in young than in elderly men. Both integrated secretion of GH after GHRH and of PRL after DOM were inversely correlated to chronological age. Our data show an impairment of GH rise after GHRH and of PRL after DOM in elderly adults. It is also stressed that peripheral blockade of dopamine receptors by DOM is unable to amplify the GH response to GHRH only in elderly men. A reduction in GH release after GHRH might be related to aging, perhaps through a reduction of dopaminergic tonus.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Effect of simultaneous administration of GHRH (1-40) and TRH on GH, PRL and TSH secretion in normal man.

The GHRH test represents a new tool in the study of secretion in man. Nine normal fasting males received on separate occasions in random order 1) GHRH 1-40 (1 microgram/Kg bw) iv at time 0; 2) TRH (6 micrograms/min) infusion between -30 and +120 min; 3) GHRH 1-40 (1 microgram/Kg bw) iv at time 0 plus TRH (6 micrograms/min) infusion between -30 and +120 min. Blood samples were drawn for GH, PRL and TSH at -90, -60, -30, 0 min and then every 15 min for 2 h. GHRH significantly increased GH in all subjects. The same GH response was found during GHRH plus TRH test. No effect was found either on PRL and TSH secretion after GHRH administration, or on GH pattern after TRH administration. A significant decrease of TSH, but not of PRL response was observed after GHRH plus TRH administration in comparison to TRH alone. These results underline that the inhibitory effect exerted by TRH on GH secretion during some experimental conditions is not linked to a pituitary interference between GHRH and TRH. The difference in TSH secretion, following GHRH plus TRH in comparison with TRH alone, could be due to a GHRH-induced central inhibitory mechanism, probably GHRH-related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Inhibition of Anatid herpesvirus replication by phosphonoacetate.

Phosphonoacetate was found to be an effective inhibitor of the replication and cytopathic effects (CPE) associated with Anatid herpesvirus (AHV) infections in avian cells. In low multiplicity of infection (MOI) (10(-3) or less) infected Pekin duck and chicken fibroblast cultures, the dosage required for a 50% plaque reduction was approximately 20 microgram/ml. The amount of the inhibitor needed for complete prevention of CPE was found to be MOI dependent with up to 190 microgram/mL required at a MOI of 1.1. Delayed addition of phosphonoacetate to AHV-infected cultures resulted in differing CPE. When added before 25 h postinfection, the CPE were largely prevented. Added between 25 and 40 h postinfection, the CPE consisted of nonproductive, nonperforate focal areas containing viable and nonviable cells. The focal areas did not appreciably increase in size or number in the continued presence of phosphonoacetate, were chromophilic, and tended to be replaced by morphologically normal cells, provided the presence of phosphonoacetate was continued. Maintaining phosphonoacetate in the presence of infected cultures for periods of 7 days or longer resulted in curing and a complete loss of infections virus in the medium and in cell lysates.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Improvement in plaquing methods for the enumeration of anatid herpesvirus (duck plague virus).

The Holland strain of anatid herpesvirus (AHV) was 2-to 10-fold more efficiently plaqued under liquid medium or semisolid medium containing methylcellulose than in media containing agar, agarose, or Nobel agar. Virus adsorption was complete in 45 min, with the maximum virus titers obtained under liquid medium at 48 h postinfection. The AHV dose-response curve was linear. Pekin duck embryo cultures were more efficient than CCL-141 in plaque response and gave the maximum virus yield per cell. Virus titers were independent of avian cell passage number (to 6), fetal or newborn calf sera (to 10% v/v), and the presence of polyions during adsorption. The host range included cells from several species of Anseriformes and Galliformes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Absence of an antibiotic effect of Mycobacterium ulcerans.

Fractions of Mycobacterium ulcerans were tested for the ability to inhibit growth of 39 bacterial strains. At protein concentrations of up to 280 mg/ml, there was no detectable effect on the growth of any of these bacterial strains.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Temporal arteritis mimics TMJ/myofascial pain syndrome.

Dental pathology is definitely the most common cause of orofacial pain. Dentists astutely diagnose and treat the various pathologic dental conditions. The restoration of the masticatory system is usually achieved in a proficient, straightforward and predictable manner. Certain patients' orofacial pains do not have a dental etiology and are refractory to treatment. The protean manifestations of temporal arteritis may present with major pain complaints mimicking dental pathology. A case report of such a patient is presented.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical strain and mandibular whiplash: effects upon the craniomandibular apparatus.

One of the most common injuries that can lead to a multitude of problems is cervical strain and mandibular whiplash resulting from a motor vehicle accident. Many individuals do not fully recover from such injuries, develop additional areas of pain and dysfunction weeks or months after the accident, and/or sustain major trauma that may require surgical intervention. Other than fractures or dislocations of cervical vertebrae, which are usually easily discerned from radiological analysis, two prime factors frequently lead to a prolongation of pain, a long rehabilitation course, and the development of problems at adjacent structures such as the craniomandibular region. These two factors are: 1) the lack of early comprehensive evaluation and referral for definitive therapeutic intervention, and 2) a minimal awareness of the relationship of upper quarter structures to one another. The purpose of this paper is to foster within the reader an appreciation of the interrelationship of the cervical and craniomandibular architectures as well as the significance of proper evaluation and treatment of cervical strain and mandibular whiplash injuries.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of the temporomandibular joint surgical patient.

Comprehensive management of the temporomandibular joint surgical patient necessitates a thorough presurgical evaluation and definitive postsurgical management. The article provides an overview of TMJ surgical techniques, including arthroscopy, which has significantly decreased the need for open joint procedures. Early postsurgical intervention is recommended and specific therapeutic paradigms are outlined. Adjunctive technique to reduce inflammation, muscle guarding, edema, and collagen bonding are provided to facilitate manual joint mobilization and therapeutic exercise. Optimal success depends upon a strong professional relationship between the treating dentist, oral surgeon, and physical therapist.

Arthroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phase II rehabilitation of the temporomandibular joint dysfunction patient.

Treatment of pain and dysfunction of the craniomandibular apparatus commonly follows one of two courses, not necessarily independent of each other. In many patients, treatment involves both appliance and non-appliance modalities. A thorough and careful diagnostic evaluation of the patient will help the dentist to select the proper modality of treatment. Following successful Phase I therapy, the patient is now prepared for Phase II therapy, a more definitive treatment stage. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with the rationale and principles underlying the stabilization and rehabilitation direction of Phase II therapy, emphasizing the prosthodontic and orthodontic perspectives.

Facial Pain↗