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Biomedical subjects

R Arriagada

Publications and source records attributed to R Arriagada.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Postradiotherapy brachial plexitis: the experience of the Institut Gustave-Roussy].

Twenty-five cases of presumed radiation-induced brachial plexopathy were identified out of a population treated at the Institut Gustave-Roussy, in 3 different ways, during the period 1967-1980. The incidence of this complication is given for each group, and the radiation dosage and natural history is described, with results of neurolysis when it was possible. The absence of successful treatment methods makes prevention of this complication crucial. The use of fraction sizes no greater than 2.5 Gy, and the avoidance of radiation treatment to the completely dissected axilla, are advocated.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1982

[Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases in adult patients (author's transl)].

During the period 1968-79, a total of 90 thoracotomies for lung metastases was performed in 76 adult patients (42 men and 34 women, aged from 16 to 72 years) treated at the Gustave Roussy Institute, Paris. Forty-three had carcinoma, 29 had sarcoma and 4 had melanoma. Thoracotomy was performed once in 64 patients, twice in 10 patients and 3 times in 2 patients. Complete resection could be performed in 88%. The operative mortality rate was 1.1%. Four benign lesions were encountered. The survival rate was 56% at 2 years and 43% at 3 years. Several prognostic factors were identified. The indications for pulmonary metastasectomy within the overall strategy of metastatic cancer treatment are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Endoscopic diagnosis of small anaplastic carcinoma: difficulties and means of determining contour.

Small cell carcinoma do not have specific features, because bronchi can present either with a tumoral obstruction (42%) or with an infiltration (41%) or a compression (14%) or normal (3%) pattern. The improvement of the endoscopic technology, the more frequent changes in biopsy forceps, the increasing ways in performing these biopsies are expected to decrease the number of false negative results. But, if were the case, more sophisticated diagnosis tests under fluoroscopy are needed. The transthoracic needle aspiration-biopsy because of its better sensitivity and less fatal complications seems to be preferred to the transbronchial biopsy. Using such approach it can be expected that small cell carcinoma, which chimio sensitivity is known, will be diagnosed accurately.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1982

[Sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy modalities in small cell lung carcinoma. Preliminary results].

Two non randomized therapeutic trials have been conducted in oat cell carcinoma of the lung with limited disease. The first protocol combined chemotherapy (adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, VM 26, procarbazine) with mediastinal and supra-clavicular radiotherapy in classical fractionation (40 grays in 4 weeks). The second combined a more intensive chemotherapy (adriamycin, VP 16, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide) with an alternating radiotherapy (3 series of 15 grays). All patients received prophylactic brain irradiation. Preliminary results show a 9 month survival rate of 34 per cent and 62.5 per cent respectively. In addition, all patients in the second protocol presented a complete response at the end of the induction treatment. These preliminary data encourage proceeding with this kind of combined treatment.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1982

[Bronchial anaplastic small-cell carcinoma. A balance sheet and therapeutic update].

A review of small cell carcinoma of the lung is presented. Best results are obtained by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The authors present a new modality of alternating combination. In spite of therapeutical improvements reached in the last years long-term results are still poor.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1981

Radiation therapy in the management of malignant thymic tumors.

A review of 20 patients with malignant thymic tumors is presented. A simplified classification is used avoiding the term thymoma, which is considered misleading. Most of the patients were treated by a combination of surgery and radiation therapy while 7 were treated by irradiation alone. Postoperative radiation therapy is indicated when the tumor is incompletely removed. This is also advised in invasive tumors even when they are considered completely resected. Irradiation alone of inoperable tumors should be carried out with high doses (55 to 60 Gy) to decrease the risk of local recurrence.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Sequential chemotherapy and radiotherapy in inoperable squamous cell lung cancer (author's transl)].

Thirteen patients with inoperable squamous cell lung cancer were treated by a protocol combining multiple chemotherapy with radiotherapy. Chemotherapy with Adriamycine, Vinblastine, Cyclophamide, Methotrexate and Cis-platinum was administered every month, followed by two radiotherapy sessions with doses of mediastinum. Six cycles were programmed. In 11 non-metastatic patients, 8 responses were obtained (4 objective remissions). Three developed distant metastases. However, mean survival (27 weeks) and 1 year survival (2/10) rates were disappointing. Multiple chemotherapy could be useful in decreasing tumoral size before radiotherapy, modalities of combined treatment should be studied.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Effect of hypophysectomy upon renal kallikrein-kinin system in rats.

It is confirmed that urinary kallikrein is significantly and persistently decreased in totally hypophysectomized rats. In addition, kallikrein activity in the kidneys in these animals is significantly reduced (p less than .001) as compared to partially hypophysectomized and sham-operated rats. The administration of 125 mU of ACTH twice a day for 2 months, did not modify urinary kallikrein excretion. Negative effects were also obtained in subsequent periods, by injection of 10 microgram corticosterone and 10 microgram aldosterone, twice a day for 9 and 6 days, respectively. The administration of rat pituitary anterior lobe homogenates, freshly prepared, increased significantly urinary kallikrein level in hypophysectomized rats.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1978

Effects of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2alpha upon urinary kallikrein excretion in rats.

1. In normally hydrated rats prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in doses of 5 microgram/100 g body weight given subcutaneously every 2 h (three times) induced a significant increase in urinary kallikrein activity, and in sodium, potassium and water excretion for 8 h after the first injection. In moderately hyperhydrated rats loaded 2.5% of body wt. with 0.5% NaCl solution, PGF2alpha produced similar changes in kallikrein activity and electrolyte excretion. 2. In normally hydrated rats prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the same conditions and doses as in 1 had no effect on kallikrein activity, showing a tendency to decrease potassium and water excretion. 3. PGE2 in doses of 5, 12.5 and 25 microgram/100 g body wt. in overhydrated rats given 2.5% and 0.5% NaCl and 5% of tap water/100 g body wt. 1 h later, significantly increased kallikrein activity in the urine collected for 120 min after the injections. A significant decrease in potassium and water excretion was observed with the highest dose. 4. PGF2alpha, had no effect on kallikrein activity in overhydrated rats, but an increase in sodium and a decrease in potassium excretion was seen at the highest dose. 5. The different actions of PGE2 and PGF2alpha may be part of a regulatory mechanism associated with the kallikrein-kinin system which contributes maintainance of extracellular fluid homeostasis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical prognostic factors in breast cancer].

Five year survival of 683 mammary carcinomas would confirm the prognostic value of T.N.M. classification (UICC), of tumor particular characteristics (size, fixation to neighbouring structures) and presence or absence of clinical nodes. A clinical-histological relationship was studied for axillary nodes: in our experience, clinical determination is more reliable for estimation of N0 and N2 than N1. Three groups of age were considered; the age, T and N corrected five year survival show a higher mortality for patients older than 60 years with T3-T4, N greater than 0 carcinomas. The study of this prospective computerised register confirms the prognostic value of developping growth tumors (PEV) described by P. Denoix. In fact, inflammatory carcinomas (PEV 2-PEV 3) show a poor 5 year survival and PEV 1 is an intermediate pronostic group between stable and inflammatory carcinomas. PEV 1 was showed to be an independant clinical factor from T and N characteristics.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Renal urinary kallikrein in normotensive and hypertensive rats during enhanced excretion of water and electrolytes.

1. Urinary kallikrein excreted by normal rats is significantly increased (P less than 0-001) 2 h after: (a) water loading, (b) water loading plus frusemide, 0-27 mmol (10 mg) per rat, (c) salt loading. In water-loaded rats, 5 i.u. of renin strikingly reduced kallikrein excretion (P less than 0-01) but considerably increased sodium excretion (P less than 0-001). 2. Renal kallikrein, measured by its kininogenase activity within 2 h of water loading, was significantly increased (P less than 0-05); after water loading and frusemide it was 40% decreased (P less than 0-001) and after salt loading it was reduced by approximately 50% (P less than 0-02). Renin did not change renal kallikrein. 3. Severely hypertensive (one-kidney) rats (blood pressure greater than 150 mmHg) showed no increase of urinary kallikrein after water loading, although there was a marked natriuresis, in moderately hypertensive rats (blood pressure less than 150 mmHg) urinary kallikrein was only one-third of that observed in control normotensive rats, after an equal degree of water loading.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Triangular test and randomized trials: practical problems in a small cell lung cancer trial.

The triangular test has been used to monitor survival data from a randomized trial in patients with small cell lung cancer. The results of consecutive interim analyses and the problems met by the data monitoring committee and the co-ordinators are described. The methods as well as the consequences of the early stopping on the analysis and the results of this trial are discussed. From this experience, we believe that statistical stopping rules--only one of the factors to be taken into account when deciding to stop a trial--should be used with caution. Independent data monitoring committees may be useful in helping to review the ongoing results and advise the participants in the trial.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗