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Biomedical subjects

R Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to R Arnold.

At least 595 records · Page 33Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Response of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) to test meal in chronic pancreatitis--relationship to endocrine and exocrine insufficiency.

Twenty-nine patients with chronic pancreatitis had a significantly greater IR-GIP response to a test meal than 15 controls. This increased response was not related to the degree of steatorrhoea or glucose intolerance. It was most marked in a group of patients with moderately impaired IRI release and medium steatorrhoea. From this is concluded that the IR-GIP response to a test meal is determined by at least two factors: 1. feedback control via insulin secretion, 2. assimilation of fat. In chronic pancreatitis endocrine insufficiency may induce an exaggerated GIP response and severe exocrine insufficiency may prevent fat induced GIP release. Gastrin is not involved in the different GIP response in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Mucosal gastrin concentration, molecular forms of gastrin, number and ultrastructure of G-cells in patients with duodenal ulcer.

The mean antral immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) concentration of 38 duodenal ulcer (DU) patients was significantly higher (35-9+/-5-2 mug/g) than that of 21 controls (15-9+/-2-6 mug/g). Also the mean IRG concentration in the proximal duodenal mucosa of 15 DU patients (3-2+/-0-8 mug/g) was higher (but not significantly) than that of 10 controls (1-8+/-0-5 mug/g). The number of G-cells in the antral mucosa of 58 DU patients and in the duodenal mucosa of 29 DU patients was not larger than that of controls. The distribution of immunoreactivity in gastrin components has been investigated in the antral and duodenal mucosa of six DU patients and six controls. In the antral mucosa the mean percentage of G-17 was 93-3% in DU patients and 92-0% in controls. G-34 amounted to 4-0% in DU patients and to 5-0% in controls. The G-34 percentage in the duodenal mucosa was higher (however not significantly) in the DU patients than in the controls (50-1% versus 35-8%). Ultrastructurally, the antral G-cells of DU patients had a significantly lower density index of their secretory granules suggesting higher functional activity. It is concluded that the exaggerated serum IRG response of DU patients to different stimuli is not a consequence of an increased G-cell mass.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The effect of intravenous theophylline ethylenediamine on serum gastrin concentration in control subjects and patients with duodenal ulcers and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Serum gastrin concentrations were determined after an intravenous infusion of theophylline ethylenediamine (aminophylline) in 10 patients with duodenal ulcer, 9 patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, 7 control subjects and 3 patients with pernicious anemia. Increases of serum gastrin levels were observed in each group. It is concluded that an aminophylline test would not be useful in the differential diagnosis of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Anemia, Pernicious↗
PubMed1976

The conducting tissues in primitive ventricular hearts without an outlet chamber.

We have studied the disposition of the cardiac conducting tissues in four hearts from situs solitus individuals possessing primitive ventricles without outlet chambers. These hearts correspond to the type of univentricular heart defined as common ventricle by Lev. All the hearts studied possessed normally positioned great arteries. Two groups, each consisting of two hearts, could be distinguished. The first type possessed a small posterior ridge which divided the posterior portion of the primitive ventricle into right and left ventricular sinuses. The papillary muscles to the atrioventricular valves were separate structures and arose on each side of this posterior ridge. The conducting tissues in these hearts arose from an atrioventricular node situated in the atrial septum but deviated posteriorly. The atrioventricular bundle pierced the fibrous annulus posteriorly and descended on the posterior ridge, lying to its left side. A bifurcation was not identified, and bundle branches were not present. The other two hearts had no posterior ridge. A common posterior papillary muscle supported both atrioventricular valves, and in one a marked anterior muscle bar produced obstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract. The connecting atrioventricular node was situated laterally in the right atrioventricular valve orifice, and the atrioventricular bundle descended into the right parietal wall of the primitive ventricle. A bifurcation and bundle branches were not observed. The disposition of conducting tissue in these hearts differs from that found in "primitive ventricle with outlet chamber" in that the connecting atrioventricular node and bundle are situated anteriorly and are intimately related to the transposed pulmonary artery outflow tract in the latter anomaly. The surgical significance of these findings is emphasized.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1976

Histochemistry, ultrastructure and hormone content of human insulinomas.

Forty human insulin-producing tumors were investigated with histochemical, immunohistological and ultrastructural methods and extracted for insulin and proinsulin. These studies resulted in the following findings: 1) A variable number of tumor cells contained only a few or often no beta granules. 2) The insulin concentration was lower and the proinsulin percentage higher in insulinoma cells compared with normal beta-cells. 3) According to the ultrastructural appearance of the secretory granules four types of insulinoma were established. 4) Insulinomas frequently contained cells with atypical secretory granules which were Grimelius silver-positive. Their similarity to the Type IV islet cell and to cells regularly found in gastrinomas, Verner-Morrison tumors and glucagonomas suggests that all endocrine pancreatic tumors originate from a common precursor cell. 5) The morphological and biochemical findings support the theory that uncontrolled hormone release and/or decreased storage capacity are responsible for fasting hyperinsulinism in insulinoma patients. 6) The severity of hypoglycemia symptoms and the result of stimulatory tests were not related to the size, the insulin concentration and the total insulin content of the tumor.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1976

Inhibition of gastric acid and gastrin secretion by somatostatin in man.

Somatostatin inhibited gastric acid secretion significantly in three ZE patients, while serum gastrin was lowered only in two. A direct inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion by somatostatin was demonstrated in three healthy volunteers and four patients with duodenal ulcer disease. Somatostatin reduced betazole-stimulated gastric acid secretion to a lesser degree. The immunohistological demonstration of somatostatin-producing cells apposite to antral G-cells suggest a physiological role of somatostatin in the regulation of gastrin secretion in man.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of somatostatin on betazole-stimulated gastric secretion and carbachol-stimulated pancreatic secretion and gall bladder contraction in man(author's transl)].

The effect of somatostatin on betazole-stimulated gastric secretion and carbachol-stimulated pancreatic secretion and gall bladder contraction has been studied in seven healthy volunteers. Somatostatin (150 and 250 mug/h) inhibited dose-dependently volume of gastric juice and acid output stimulated by 16 mg betazole. Acid concentration was little affected. 500 mug/h were not more effective than 250 mug/h. Pancreatic secretion stimulated by 250 mug carbachol has been reduced by 80-90% and gall bladder contraction abolished by somatostatin infusion (200 mug/h).

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Inhibition of pentagastrin-induced gastric-acid secretion by somatostatin in man (author's transl)].

The effect of somatostatin on pentagastrin-induced gastric-acid secretion was measured in three healthy volunteers and four patients with duodenal ulcer. Somatostatin (100, 200 and 400 mug/h) inhibited secretory volume and acid concentration simulated by pentagastrin infusion (2 mug/kg - h), the effect being dose-dependent. In the patients with duodenal ulcer somatostatin given as a bolus (50 mug) and by subsequent infusion (150 mug/h) reduced maximal acid output after subcutaneous injection of 2.0 mug/kg pentagastrin by 68-96%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Effect of selective proximal vagotomy with and without pyloroplasty upon basal and food stimulated serum immunoreactive gastrin in patients with duodenal ulcer. (author's transl)].

The effect of selective proximal vagotomy (SpV) with (12 cases) and without (5 cases) pyloroplasty upon basal and food stimulated serum immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) was studied in duodenal ulcer patients. Following SpV, fasting serum IRG increased in all subjects; the increase was more pronounced in subjects whose postoperative insulin tests were negative. Postoperatively, the mean integrated IRG output over 2 hrs in response to a meal was significantly higher than the preoperative mean value in the 17 patients. Pyloroplasty had no effect upon the IRG response following a test meal.

Duodenal Ulcer↗
PubMed1975

Pathomorphologic, biochemical, and diagnostic aspects of gastrinomas (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome).

The clinical symptomatology of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and the pathologic anatomy of gastrinomas are reviewed. Experience with 17 patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is presented with special reference to stimulation tests (secretin, glucagon, calcium infusion, test meal) and to localization and immunohistologic, ultrastructural, and biochemical findings in gastrinomas. Multiple hormone production by the tumors is frequent. The ultrastructure and the Sephadex G-50 gel filtration patterns of immunoreactive gastrin in sera and tumors are not uniform and are not related to localization of the tumors in the pancreas or duodenum or to the gastrin concentration. Hyperplasia of the pancreatic islets is a frequent finding in gastrinoma patients, suggesting that hypergastrinemia may stimulate islet growth.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1975

'Posterior' transposition reconsidered.

Seven cases of transposition with an unusually posterior aorta and mitral-aortic fibrous continuity are described. The cases are similar to four cases published by Van Praagh et al. in 1971. The use of the term 'p' transposition is suggested to distinguish this unusual form of transposition from cases with a subaortic conus ('d' and 'l' transposition). The use of the term 'transposition' is considered justifiable on both semantic and morphogenetic grounds and a possible common embryological mechanism for all forms of transposition is discussed.

Aorta↗
PubMed1975

[Intense therapy in two cases of "near-drowning" (author's transl)].

A short review of the pathophysiological mechanisms in case of 'drowning' or 'near drowning' with or without aspiration of hypo- or hypertonic water is given. In our clinical experience on 22 cases, 17 did not need intensive care and improved without further problems. 3 came dead into the clinic, there being more than 30 min latency between cardiac arrest and the beginning of resuscitation, resuscitation, therefore, being without success. The last 2 cases of 'near-drowning' with fresh water aspiration developed, 100 min and 50 min respectively after the drowning accident, fulminant pulmonary oedema, which could be cured after application of PEEP in Engstroöm-IPPB in one case. In our opinion PEEP should be applied in all cases of intraalveolar pulmonary oedema in the same way as was advised for interstitial pulmonary oedema, if the individual case requires mechanical ventilation at all. The possibility of pulmonary oedema developing, even hours after the accident and primary resuscitation, should be born in mind in all cases of 'near-drowning'.

Adolescent↗