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Biomedical subjects

R Arnold

Publications and source records attributed to R Arnold.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Assessment of hormone loss through hemofiltration.

The concentrations of testosterone, cortisone, gastrin, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), somatomedin B, parathyroid hormone (PTH), human growth hormone (HGH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have been determined in the plasma and the ultrafiltrate of five uremic patients undergoing intermittent hemofiltration treatment. There was a considerable loss of gastrin, insulin, GIP, somatomedin B and PTH by hemofiltration treatment. The plasma concentrations, however, did not decrease except for immunoreactive-PTH (IR-PTH) which returned from elevated to normal levels. Cortisone, HGH and TSH concentrations in the ultrafiltrate were below the measureable range. A significant elimination of 11-hydroxylated androstans by hemofiltration may have a positive effect on the disturbed steroid metabolism. Results indicate that hemofiltration does not cause a hormone deficiency syndrome. On the contrary, the loss of degradation products of hormones with disturbing biological activity may be a favorable effect of the hemofiltration treatment.

Cortisone↗
PubMed1978

Gastrointestinal somatostatin: extraction and radioimmunoassay in different species.

A radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 300 fg somatostatin has been developed and levels of the polypeptide in gastrointestinal tissues from man, dog, and rat have been measured. Rapid freezing of collected samples and careful control of extraction is necessary. Concentrations in different regions of dog antrum (425 +/- 50 to 773 +/- 254 ng/g tissue) are similar to those in antrum from duodenal ulcer patients and control subjects: 614 +/- 125 and 465 +/- 104 ng/g tissue respectively. Levels in histologically normal human pancreas (253 +/- 43 ng/g tissue) are comparable with those in dog pancreas (333 +/- 66 ng/g tissue), whereas in two cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia the concentration exceeded 3000 ng/g tissue. On gel chromatography the majority of immunoreactive somatostatin elutes as the synthetic tetradecapeptide and a small fraction as a larger species.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Serum gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in duodenal ulcer disease: relationship to glucose tolerance, insulin, and gastrin release.

Serum immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP), gastrin (IRG), and insulin (IRI) were estimated in 41 normal weight patients with duodenal ulcer (DU) and 25 age-matched controls in response to a high calorie liquid test meal. 28 out of 41 DU patients had a hyperglycaemic glucose response during the test meal, and 15 had a pathological oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting and food-stimulated IR-GIP and IRG levels were significantly elevated in the DU patients. Serum IRI also increased to significantly higher levels in DU patients after the test meal. The degree of the greater hormone response was dependent on the glucose increase after the test meal in the case of insulin and GIP, but not in the case of gastrin. It is concluded: firstly, that a faster glucose absorption (possibly due to rapid initial gastric emptying or increased intestinal motility) is responsible for the high and short-lasting glucose peak and the increased GIP and insulin secretion; secondly, that the GIP response could well be causally related to the insulin response; thirdly, that hyposcretion of GIP is ruled out as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of gastric acid hypersecretion of duodenal ulcer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The radioimmunoassay and physiology of somatostatin in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract.

Radioimmunoassays for somatostain have demonstrated that high concentrations of the polypeptide are present in the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract of a number of species. Although measurement in tissue extracts is relatively unproblematic, detection and characterization of somatostatin-like material in plasma has proved technically difficult. Studies of pancreatic somatostatin release in vitro suggest a possible function in the regulation of islet hormone secretion, but the mode of action remains to be elucidated. Although, at present, no clinical relevance can be attributed to the somatostain radioimmunoassay reports of somatostatin secreting tumors and changes in stomach tissue content in patients with ulcer disease indicate a contributory role in the pathophysiology of certain disease states.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (author's transl)].

Pancreatic polypeptide (PP) can be reproducible measured in serum and tissue extracts by mean of a standardized radioimmunoassay. Dispite extensive investigations into the biological actions of the polypeptide and a range of radioimmunological measurements in serum and tissue the physiological significance of PP is, at present, unclear. The normal postprandial increase of serum PP levels has been reported to be lacking after vagotomy and reduced in patients with chronic pancreatitis. If these observations can be confirmed then PP measurement may be a clinically usefull criterion as to the effectiveness of vagotomy and as an indicator for chronic pancreatic disease.

Digestion↗
PubMed1978

Effect of intraduodenal peptone on the lower esophageal sphincter pressure in the dog.

The role of the duodenum in the regulation of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) was investigated in 4 unrestrained dogs equipped with a chronic Komarov type esophagostomy, a cutaneous duodenal fistula, a gastrojejunostomy, and a Y anastomosis between the distal end of the duodenum and the midjejunum. Installation of NaCl solution into the duodenum or into the stomach did not effect LESP during the following 60-min observation period. Peptone instillation into the duodenum or into the stomach produced a sustained elevation LESP. The rise of LESP was significantly greater after duodenal than after gastric instillation. Duodenal peptone did not raise serum gastrin. It is concluded that the duodenum may be an important regulator of LESP in the dog and that this effect is not mediated by circulating gastrin.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Risk of general anaesthesia (author's transl)].

95 506 patients who received general anesthesia during the period of 1964--1977 were studied. The account of all actual or possible life threatening complications during the anesthesia is given: oedema of the glottis, air embolism, accidental injection of the wrong drug, respiratory insufficiency, hypoxia, pulmonary oedema, airway occlusion by the cuff, vomiting and aspiration, anaphylactoid reaction, death within 24 hours, death on the table. Deaths not attributable to anaesthesia are listed separately. We have found that in one of every 139 anaesthetics given there was a life threatening complication to the patient. In every 197th anaesthetic there was a clear connection with the anaesthetic technique used. In contrast with the great number of near fatal complications the rate of irreversible damage or mortality connected with general anaesthesia was low.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The clinical efficacy of granulocyte transfusions: studies on the oral cavity.

Patients with severe granulocytopenia of different origin received granulocyte transfusions. The migration and phagocytic ability of the transfused granulocytes in the oral cavity ("orogranulocytes") served as a parameter for measuring the viability of the granulocytes in vivo. There was no difference between granulocytes collected by continuous flow centrifugation and those collected by filtration leukapheresis. Under the influence of the transfusion treatment mucous membrane ulcers (MMU) subsided and healed. Where ulcers were present the number of orogranulocytes (OG) increased after granulocyte transfusion. In addition there was a significant correlation between the number of granulocytes in the peripheral blood and the number of orogranulocytes. As a control, orogranulocytes were studied in a group of healthy persons with intact teeth, toothless persons with normal blood counts and one patient with an acute agranulocytosis.

Adult↗