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Biomedical subjects

R Arnhold

Publications and source records attributed to R Arnhold.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Reinfection with intestinal helminths after treatment with mebendazole and fluctuations in individual Ascaris lumbricoides infections with time.

In a group of rural school children in the highlands of Papua New Guinea with an initial prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides 71 per cent, Trichuris trichiura 69 per cent and Necator americanus (hookworm) 95 per cent, 2 1/2 months after treatment with mebendazole the prevalence of A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura was very low, that of N. americanus was about 20 per cent and all egg counts were very low. Prevalence rates and egg counts of A. lumbricoides returned to pretreatment levels 9 months after treatment. Prevalence of T. trichiura and N. americanus, one year after treatment, was lower than before treatment and 97 per cent of egg counts were low. Two years after treatment, prevalence of all species was normal, but mean egg counts of N. americanus were about half of pretreatment levels. Thus in areas with comparable transmission rates, annual treatment with a course of anthelmintic would keep hook-worm levels low, and an additional dose at mid year would also considerably reduce ascariasis. Presence or absence of A. lumbricoides in particular subjects varied from one examination to another, and a particular child was not more likely to have the same infection status one year later, given the prevailing infection rate. 95 per cent were positive for A. lumbricoides on one or more of three examinations held at the same time of year.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1975

Stroke: Does rehabilitation affect outcome?

A sample of 114 consecutive stroke admissions to a rehabilitation center was studied statistically to determine functional gains achieved and retained after rehabilitation. In order to provide a measure of function, a functional profile was developed that evaluates seven activities, each according to a five-point scale. It was found that significant gains were achieved which could not be attributed merely to spontaneous recovery. An estimate of the cost benefit ratio showed that the reduced cost resulting from returning patients to the family or to independent living more than paid for the cost of providing rehabilitation services to the whole sample.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

Stroke rehabilitation: Outcome and prediction.

Predictors of functional outcome were developed in a group of 114 stroke patients consecutively admitted to a tertiary rehabilitation center. These predictors included a pool of medical data, the age of the patient, psychological tests and the patient's educational level. None of these predictor items showed a correlation with outcome high enough to allow precise prediction of individual outcome. They did, however, provide general indicators for those patients with severe functional impairment who are more likely to gain from a rehabilitation program. The group of medical predictors indicated that a patient with a more extensive, severe lesion, with signs of congestive heart failure, generalized arteriosclerosis, gross perceptual deficit, a lower level of education, and who is older, is less likely to improve in the rehabilitation program. Since a prediction on an individual basis was not possible, it was concluded that even the most severely involved patient should be provided with a therapeutic rehabilitation trial. There was no correlation between severity of the functional impairment at admission and the gains obtained in the rehabilitation program. The same predictors were used to predict whether the patient went home or to an institution. It was found that family income and involvement in support of the patient predicted this outcome, whereas medical data did not. Since family involvement can sometimes be changed by a therapeutic team, this predictor may also present a major target for therapeutic intervention.

Age Factors↗