Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Arbogast

Publications and source records attributed to R Arbogast.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The short-term effects of competition and rewards in an adolescent smoking prevention program.

This study evaluated whether interventions involving competition and rewards would enhance a school-based educational curriculum on tobacco use. Written pre- and post-tests were used to assess the relevant knowledge of 1068 seventh grade students in three comparable communities. The students' smoking beliefs, intentions, and behavior were assessed by questionnaires before and after the educational unit. Students in two communities participated in interventions designed to enhance knowledge acquisition, social activism, and non-use of tobacco; students in one community served as controls. Students in competitive and control communities did not differ prior to intervention. The interventions influenced respondents' concern about their health and the health of their family and friends and increased the likelihood that they would associate smoking with maturity and short-term bad effects, regardless of their pre-intervention smoking behavior. Experimenters' and regular smokers' knowledge about smoking and its consequences, and concern about the amount of substance use in their town were increased by the competitions. The competitions were also more likely to reduce their intentions to smoke. The interventions did not affect smoking behavior. Fortunately, competition losers and winners were not differentially affected by the interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A proposal to regulate the manner of tobacco advertising.

If the U.S. is to achieve the goal of reducing the initiation of smoking among adolescents, it must implement a system of tobacco advertising regulation as one component of a comprehensive prevention program. This paper proposes a system of advertising regulation which is grounded in the relevant legal, information processing, and media effects theories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Combined infusion analgesia--an alternative concept in postoperative pain therapy].

This is to introduce a combined infusion analgesia for postoperative pain treatment. The analgetic efficiency would increase by combining analgetic substances specifically focussed. This method has the enormous advantage not to be limited to the intensive care; it might be applied to any peripheral surgery. Its main and side effects have been tested in 25 gastrectomized patients, postoperatively.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1986

[Radiogenic damage of the intestine--diagnosis and therapy].

62 patients underwent surgery for intestinal radiation injuries during the past 15 years. 34 patients had previous abdominal surgery. Preoperative investigations must clarify if there is only the radiation lesion or a recurrent process of the originally radiated tumor. Rectovaginal fistulas occurred 28 times, 19 of which could only be treated by continent colostomy. 5 patients had been curatively resected with low anastomosis. A progressive stenosis leading to an ileus symptomatology appeared in 24 patients. The injured intestinal part was resected. As intestinal radiation injuries are combined with an ischemic enteropathy, anastomosis will be extremely problematic. Thus, second-look operations are recommendable for the third and seventh postoperative day. So lethality could be decreased.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

[Peritoneal lavage as a standard therapeutic principle in diffuse purulent peritonitis].

Programmed peritoneal lavage was performed on 72 patients with diffuse purulent peritonitis. The intervals up to planned relaparotomy were one to two days. An average of 4.2 lavages was conducted. The abdominal cavity was provisionally closed. Eleven of 34 patients with incurable trias survived. Histological and bacteriological follow-up checks produced evidence to rapid healing of peritonitis in the course of the lavage programme.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Histologic studies in the course of programmed peritoneal lavage].

A programmed peritoneal lavage was done in 20 patients. During this lavage, tissue samples were withdrawn for histological control. During the therapeutical lavage, the morphological signs of inflammation decreased. For the sanitation of peritonitis, the cause of the disease must be eliminated. The morphological signs of healing start during the first three days postoperatively. Peritoneal repair prevails after the second or third postoperative day. Peritonitis will be lethal without focus sanitation and with microorganisms resisting any therapy, although lavage having been done.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1985

[Free cecum perforation with peritonitis as a rare complication of Crohn disease].

Perforation and peritonitis as complications of severe Crohn's disease are rare. Case reports of two young female patients are given who have been treated in 1983 because of peritonitis after perforation of Crohn's disease. The only therapeutic approach making sense is elimination of the intestine affected by the disease and repeated control laparotomies with for treatment of peritonitis and controlling sufficiency of the anastomosis. These patients are at high risk because of treatment with cortisone.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A method for measuring monoamine turnover in animals using an irreversible inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, DL-alpha-mono fluoromethyldopa.

DL-alpha-monofluoromethyldopa (MFMD) is a potent enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase which, when given to rats or mice at 100 and 250 mg/kg i.p., respectively, causes a linear accumulation of L-DOPA and 5HTP and an exponential decline of noradrenaline, dopamine, and 5HT concentrations in the brain. Rates of change of these parameters can be used to calculate the turnover of the three principle monoamine neurotransmitters. Experiments with haloperidol (1 mg/kg s.c.) and the central 5HT agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (0.25 mg/kg s.c.), have been performed to validate the use of MFMD to measure monoamine turnover. MFMD has several advantages over classical methods for the determination of comparative turnovers using enzyme inhibitors.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗
PubMed1982

Coulometric microrespirometry.

Capacitive coulometry is based on the automatic quantitative replacement of O2 consumed by an animal in a closed system with electrolytic O2, produced by discharging a capacitor through a CuSO4 solution. The sensitivity of the device is better than 0.1 nl. The unit volume of O2 produced (1 nl) is both accurate and precise within 1% in a temperature range from 2.8 to 40 degrees C. The upper limit of recordable O2 consumption is 1 ml/h. The microrespirometer can be autoclaved, making the technique ideally suited for metabolic studies in microbiology, cell and organ cultures, and comparative physiology.

Aedes↗