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Biomedical subjects

R Arai

Publications and source records attributed to R Arai.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Combination chemotherapy of CDDP and etoposide in advanced non-small cell carcinoma of the lung].

Twenty-seven patients with advanced and previously untreated non-small cell carcinoma of the lung received combination chemotherapy with CDDP (100 mg/m2 iv on day 1) and etoposide (100 mg/m2 iv on day 2, 4 and 6). Eleven partial responses were observed (response rate of 40.7%), and the median survival of patients was 44.4 weeks. Toxicity was tolerable with moderate myelosuppression. This combination chemotherapy should be recommended for further clinical trials.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[A case of acute adult T-cell leukemia with long-term remission by cisplatin therapy].

A 37-year-old man was admitted because of general malaise, slight fever, pain in the knee joint and lower extremities, polydypsia, polyuria and skin lesion in September, 1985. The white blood cell count was 16,920/cmm with 41% of abnormal lymphoid cells with convoluted nuclei, which were compatible with adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The serum calcium level was 15.1 mg/dl, serum LDH 307 IU/l, and the titer of anti-ATLA antibody in serum x 160. The cell surface phenotype of abnormal lymphocyte was OKT-3+, OKT-4+ and OKT-8-. Therefore the diagnosis of acute ATL was made. He was treated with cisplatin because VEPA therapy was not effective. About five months after the start of chemotherapy, he entered remission with almost complete disappearance of abnormal lymphocyte. The remission continued over twenty-nine months with maintenance therapy by cisplatin alone. The clinical course of this patient suggests that cisplatin could be applied to a case of ATL which is refractory to the conventional treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Localization of D-amino acid oxidase in Bergmann glial cells and astrocytes of rat cerebellum.

The localization of D-amino acid oxidase in rat cerebellum was systematically studied in serial fixed sections at the levels of both light and electron microscopy using a coupled peroxidation method based on the intensifying effect of nickel ions. Deposits were only seen in astrocytes and Bergmann glial cells, and not in neuronal components, endothelial cells or ependymal cells. In the molecular layer, heavy deposits were present in the profiles of Bergmann glial processes around the complexes of synapses where the parallel fiber varicosities form synapses with the thorns emerging from the spiny branchlets of Purkinje cell dendrites. In the Purkinje cell layer, the oxidase-containing processes of Bergmann glial cells enveloped basket cell axons, their terminals, the terminals of the recurrent collaterals of Purkinje cell axons and Purkinje cell bodies. In the granular layer, the cerebellar glomeruli were enveloped by the heavily stained processes of astrocytes. Based on this characteristic localization of the oxidase, we discussed the physiological role of the oxidase in connection with the function of glial cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with small cell lung cancer--comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)].

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was determined by RIA in 102 lung cancer patients. Serum NSE was elevated (greater than 10 ng/ml) in 72% (21 of 29 cases) of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, which was a significantly higher positive rate than those in normal adult controls (0%, 0/48), noncancerous lung disease (17%, 4/24), squamous cell carcinoma (19%, 6/31) and adenocarcinoma (16%, 4/25) (p less than 0.05, respectively). There were no NSE-positive cases in stage I-II lung cancer patients. In SCLC, cases of extensive disease had a significantly higher NSE-positive rate (100%, 8/8) than those of limited disease (62%, 13/21) (p less than 0.05), suggesting that NSE levels were related to the bulk of the tumor. There was an excellent correlation between serum NSE and clinical response. Raised NSE levels were identified significantly more frequently than those of CEA in SCLC before chemotherapy and on relapse (or progression) (p less than 0.025, p less than 0.005, respectively). Thus, serum NSE determinations may be more useful than those of CEA for the staging and monitoring of SCLC.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

[Combination chemotherapy of UFT with adriamycin in advanced gastrointestinal cancer].

Seventeen patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer were treated with a combined chemotherapy of UFT with Adriamycin (UFT-A). The UFT-A regimen consisted of UFT, 600 mg/body daily. As for the Adriamycin, 10 mg/body was give intravenously from day 1-4 and was repeated every two weeks. Partial responses were seen in 7 cases (41%) (5 cases of gastric cancer, 1 case of colon cancer, and 1 case of bile-duct cancer) out of 17 evaluable patients (7 cases of gastric cancer, 3 cases of colon cancer, 4 cases of biliary tract cancer, and 3 cases of pancreatic cancer). Two patients had minor responses, and in eight patients their disease had stabilized. As for side effects, nausea and vomiting occurred in seven patients (41%), and anorexia was observed in eight patients (47%). Two patients (12%) showed a leukopenia count of less than 2,000/mm3 and none of these seventeen patients had thrombocytopenia, of less than 5 x 10(4)/mm3. Considering these results, UFT-A therapy appears to be useful in cases of advanced gastrointestinal cancer, especially gastric cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Anti-emetic treatment with metoclopramide and other drugs during CDDP therapy].

The present trial was designed to compare the effect of metoclopramide(MCP) + dexamethasone(DM) (Method A) with that of MCP + DM + lorazepam(Lor) (Method B) in the treatment of CDDP (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum)-induced nausea and vomiting in a randomized fashion. The results were collected by questionnaire given to 50 patients. The dosage of CDDP was 80-100 mg/m2. In addition, MMC and VDS, or VP-16 were used concurrently. Within 24 hours after the administration of CDDP, vomiting was not observed in 72% and 88% of the patients treated with Method A and Method B, respectively, and nausea was not noted in 48% and 68%, respectively. Marked malaise was observed in 36% of patients in the Method A group and in 12% in the Method B group. With respect to the extent of comfort, 16% of patients in the Method A group and 56% in the Method B group felt good. Sixteen percent in the Method A group and 56% in the Method B group were satisfied with the anti-emetic treatment. Thus, Method B was significantly superior to Method A with regard to the degree of comfort and treatment satisfaction.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Demonstration of monoamine oxidase type B in serotonergic and type A in noradrenergic neurons in the cat dorsal pontine tegmentum by an improved histochemical technique.

Application of a diaminobenzidine-coupled peroxidation method to monoamine oxidase (MAO) histochemistry demonstrates a detailed morphology of MAO-containing perikarya, dendrites, axons and fibers in the dorsal pontine tegmentum of the cat, sectioned with a vibratome. Further, utilization of specific inhibitors, deprenyl and clorgyline, also provides evidence that serotonergic neurons contain exclusively MAO-B and catecholaminergic ones contain MAO-A.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Topographic atlas of monoamine oxidase-containing neurons in the rat brain studied by an improved histochemical method.

The distribution of monoamine oxidase-containing neuronal somata was studied in the rat brain by using an improved enzyme histochemical technique of the coupled peroxidatic oxidation method applied to fixed free-floating sections. The majority of monoamine oxidase-containing neuronal somata appeared to correspond with well-known cell groups of monoamine-containing neurons with a few exceptions. The enzyme appeared to coexist also in histamine-containing neurons in the posterior hypothalamus. Furthermore, monoamine oxidase activity was localized in apparently non-monoaminergic cells in the mesencephalon, hypothalamus, thalamus and telencephalon.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Monoamine oxidase in rat ovary during the estrous cycle. A histochemical study by a new coupled peroxidatic oxidation method.

A new coupled peroxidatic oxidation method for histochemical detection of monoamine oxidase (MAO) was applied to rat ovary. With this new method, fixed tissues could be used, and two forms of MAO could be identified by use of selective inhibitors. MAO activity was observed in the corpora lutea, interstitial gland cells, and blood vessels. In the corpora lutea, no activity was detected during the first estrous cycle, but strong activity was observed in the next two cycles. MAO in blood vessels showed characteristic changes of activity during the estrous cycle. The results suggest that MAO activity might possibly be involved in ovulation and progesterone metabolism in the ovary. Like other organs, rat ovary was found to contain two types of MAO; type A MAO was predominant in the corpora lutea. On the other hand, only one type of MAO, type B, was found in the blood vessels.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[A phase II study of epirubicin in advanced lung cancer].

A phase II study of epirubicin (EPI) was performed on 65 eligible lung cancer patients. EPI was administered intravenously at the dosage of 60 mg/m2 for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 75 mg/m2 for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) at the interval of three to four weeks. The response rate of 57 measurable patients was 7.0% (predicted true response rate was 1.9-17.0%). In SCLC, the overall response rate was as low as 8.3% (2/24), but a better response rate, 20% (2/10), was observed in patients given no prior therapy. In NSCLC, the response rate was 6.1% (2/33) as a whole and 12.5% (2/16) in patients given no prior therapy. We were able to conclude that EPI was a moderately active agent in SCLC and marginally effective in NSCLC. Although the dose limiting factor was leukopenia, its incidence and degree seemed low as compared with adriamycin (ADM). As for alopecia or GI tract side effects, those associated with EPI appeared less acute than those produced by ADM. No cardiac toxicities were observed, partly because of the low cumulative maximum dose of 311 mg/m2 used in our study.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural localization of zinc in the hyperplastic prostate.

The localization of zinc was investigated in specimens of hyperplastic prostate by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and x-ray microanalysis. After fixation in glutaraldehyde plus hydrogen sulfide, representative sections were developed with sulfide-silver while, for comparison, other sections were not developed. Aggregation of the silver precipitation was seen on the secretory vacuoles of the developed sections. None of the deposits were detected on the nucleus, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, or other cytoplasmic organelles. X-ray microanalysis was performed on these sections of hyperplastic prostate. X-ray energy spectrum analysis of the undeveloped sections revealed that the concentration of zinc on the electron-dense materials in the secretory vacuoles corresponded to the deposits of silver granules. The present investigation provides direct proof of the localization of ionized zinc in the cytoplasm of the hyperplastic prostate.

Electron Probe Microanalysis↗
PubMed1982

[Pulmonary metastasis from primary lung cancer and its treatment].

In this paper, we reviewed the mechanisms, pathways and patterns of pulmonary metastasis from lung cancer. For seven years from 1975 to 1981, 1,158 patients with primary lung cancer were admitted to our hospital. On admission, pulmonary metastases were radiographically found in 44 of 529 patients with adenocarcinoma (8.3%), 8 of 427 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (1.9%) and 2 of 150 patients with small cell carcinoma (1.3%). In adenocarcinoma, the radiographical patterns of pulmonary metastasis were divided into 2 types, that is, "cannon ball" type and "snowstorm" type. Of 24 patients with "cannon ball" type, there were 17 bilateral, 4 contralateral and 3 ipsilateral pulmonary metastases. Of 20 patients with "snowstorm" type, 19 patients had bilateral and one patient contralateral metastasis. In squamous cell carcinoma, there were 3 bilateral, 4 contralateral and 1 ipsilateral metastasis. In small cell carcinoma, 1 bilateral and 1 contralateral metastasis. In extensive disease which had pulmonary metastases etc., response to chemotherapy did not directly lead to the prolongation of survival, the causes of which were discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗