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Biomedical subjects

R Andersson

Publications and source records attributed to R Andersson.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasma cholecystokinin concentrations in 3-day-old lambs: effect of the duration of fasting preceding a sucking bout.

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a regulatory peptide released into the circulation after the ingestion of food. Our knowledge concerning the factors affecting its pattern of secretion in the mammalian neonate is scanty. Therefore, in this work we studied plasma concentrations of CCK in 3-day-old lambs after a sucking bout that followed either a short (2 h) or a long fasting period (9 h). Plasma concentrations of CCK were measured by radioimmunoassay in blood samples collected from jugular veins 10 min before, immediately after a sucking bout, and then at 10-min intervals during the following hour. In the first experiment a period of fasting of 2 h before allowing the lambs to suck did not lower the levels of CCK. On the other hand, a significant decrease was recorded 10 min after feeding ended. Between 20 and 50 min after the end of sucking, the mean CCK concentration rose back to the pre-feeding level before decreasing again at 60 min. In the second experiment a period of fasting of 9 h, on the other hand, significantly lowered the levels of CCK. Plasma levels also tended to decrease immediately after sucking was ended. This was followed by a substantial rise and levels remained high during the rest of the sampling period. It was concluded that the decrease recorded immediately after a sucking bout could be due to an inhibitory effect of the oral phase while the following rise reflected the stimulatory effect of milk nutrients on intestinal CCK-producing cells.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Studies of urinary bladder dysfunction in amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.

Eight male patients with amyloid polyneuropathy, seven of whom had symptoms of dysfunction of the urinary bladder, were studied by cystometry and micturition analysis and compared with eight male controls. Most of the patients with amyloidosis had an increased bladder capacity. The need to micturate was reduced, and urine retention was common. In most of them detrusor function could not be demonstrated. The maximal flow rate was usually diminished and the resistance to flow elevated. In some of the patients there was increased rigidity of the bladder wall.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of bile and bile acids in bacterial translocation in obstructive jaundice in rats.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups in which group 1 received a sham operation (controls), groups 2-5 underwent common bile duct ligation and transection 14 days before the experiments. Two days prior to the studies, animals in groups 1 and 2 received saline orally, while groups 3-5 received an oral administration of either cholic acid, deoxycholic acid or whole bile. Specimens were taken for bacterial culture, and blood was collected for endotoxin assay. The rate of positive bacterial cultures from mesenteric lymph nodes in jaundiced saline-treated animals was significantly higher (p < 0.05) as compared with both controls and the other jaundiced animals treated with either bile or bile acids. Assays were positive for endotoxin in the jaundiced saline-treated group, whereas they were negative in both controls and bile- or bile-acid-treated animals. We conclude that oral administration of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid or whole bile inhibited bacterial translocation and endotoxin absorption in obstructive jaundice in the rat.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy in Sweden: geographical distribution, age of onset, and prevalence.

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) in Swedish patients is associated with the same transthyretin mutation (TTRMet30) as in Portuguese, Japanese, Brazilian and Majorcan patients. Yet, the age of onset of FAP is much later in Sweden than in other populations. We have studied 239 cases of FAP from northern Sweden, their geographical distribution, differences in age of onset, and estimated prevalence and incidence rates. Cases and families concentrate mainly in two areas, around the towns of Skellefteå and Piteå. Mean age of onset was found to be later in the Piteå (58.8 +/- 10.8) than in the Skellefteå area (54.4 +/- 13.5). Unusually high figures were found for prevalence rates (91 x 10(-5) and 104 x 10(-5), respectively) in 1985. Mean yearly incidences were 3.1 x 10(-5) and 4.4 x 10(-5), respectively, over the period 1985-1989.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of topical phospholipids in the prophylaxis of silicone elastomer-associated infection in the abdominal cavity.

The present study evaluated the influence of phospholipids (phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl inositol) on the prevention of abdominal biomaterial-associated infection. Phospholipid-impregnated silicone elastomer (SE) fragments were either intraperitoneally implanted in rats or immersed in serum for 0, 4, and 14 days, and 3 x 10(9) cfu of 3H-labeled, live Escherichia coli were added in the peritoneal cavity or in vitro incubation medium. Three hours after incubation, the adherence of bacteria significantly decreased to phospholipid-impregnated SE fragments, which had been immersed/implanted for 0 and 4 days. However, the number of adhering bacteria did not differ between the impregnated and unimpregnated SE fragments after 14 days of immersion/implantation. A significantly lower number of adhering bacteria was noted on all unimpregnated SE fragments when phospholipid was supplemented in the peritoneal cavity or in vivo medium, compared with fragments with no supplement. The rate of bacterial DNA synthesis decreased significantly after incubation with phospholipid 2 h or more. Phospholipids did not further influence peritoneal morphology. Thus topical administration of phospholipids by impregnation to the surface of SE fragments or supplement in the incubation medium prevented bacterial adherence onto the SE fragments. This implies that the use of phospholipids might be a mode of preventing biomaterial-associated infections.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of a water-soluble ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose on gut physiology, bacteriology, and bacterial translocation in acute liver failure.

Bacterial infection and bacteremia are common complications in patients with acute liver failure. Bacterial translocation from the gut has been suggested to be a major cause of bacterial infections in experimental acute liver failure. In the present study, a water-soluble ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) was administered orally 1 and 24 hours prior to 90% hepatectomy in the rat in order to prevent bacterial translocation in experimental acute liver failure induced by subtotal liver resection in the rat. Ninety percent hepatectomy alone resulted in 80 to 100% translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes or blood 2 and 4 hours after operation. There was no translocation in rats undergoing sham operation or 90% hepatectomy with EHEC administration prior to operation (p < .01). Bacterial overgrowth, increased bacterial adherence onto the intestinal surface, and diminished intestinal and mucosal mass were also observed in animals with subtotal liver resection, but not in those administered EHEC. A delayed 2-hour intestinal transit time occurred in both groups receiving subtotal liver resection, with or without oral EHEC. EHEC inhibited bacterial growth and DNA synthesis and altered bacterial surface properties after 1-hour incubation with bacteria in vitro, an interaction that was not further influenced by time. These results imply that EHEC may alter enterobacterial capacities of metabolism, proliferation, and invasion by effects on the bacterial surface. Furthermore, EHEC seems to possess a trophic action on the intestine, though without enhancing the intestinal motility.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents on endothelial permeability alterations induced by bradykinin.

Increased vascular permeability to plasma proteins and altered hemodynamics at the site of inflammation are characteristics of inflammation. In the present study, alterations in endothelial barrier permeability were evaluated in different organs/tissues 6 h after a systemic inflammatory response induced by intravenous injection of bradykinin (BK; 1.7 mg/kg). The effect of intravenous pretreatment with indomethacin or ibuprofen (cyclooxygenase inhibitors), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, an oxygen free radical scavenger), and allopurinol (a xanthine oxidase inhibitor) was determined. Endothelial permeability was evaluated by determining tissue water content (TWC), 125I-labeled human serum albumin (HSA) flux, and albumin leakage index (ALI) in various organs/tissues. The vasodilation in the local tissues was reflected by tissue blood content (TBC), measured by 51Cr-labeled red blood cells. The results indicate that albumin flux significantly increased in the peritoneum, pancreas, stomach, PSI, DSI, colon, kidneys, liver, lungs, and brain, TBC significantly increased in the kidneys, liver, lungs, and heart, as well as in the intestine, and an increased ALI, assaying endothelial permeability considering local hemodynamic alterations was noted in the pancreas, kidneys, liver, lungs, PSI, and DSI in the group with BK alone. These changes were to varying degrees reversed by pretreatment with indomethacin, ibuprofen, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or allopurinol, where the protective effect tended to be organ-dependent.

Acetylcysteine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Is there still an indication for pancreatic duct drainage in chronic pancreatitis?

Pain in chronic pancreatitis is supposed to be multifactorial in origin. Pancreatic duct/tissue hypertension is today proved in patients with chronic pancreatitis and pain. Duct drainage reportedly normalizes pancreatic duct/tissue pressure and reduces pain in 70% of the patients. Also, duct drainage by endoscopy may relieve pain. Surgical duct decompression is parenchyma-preserving and even suggested to prevent further progress of exocrine insufficiency. Recent experience indicates that such operations are pain-relieving not only in patients with dilated ducts but also in those with small duct disease.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Giant cell arteritis as a cause of death.

It is not well known that giant cell arteritis can cause fatal complications due to rupture of aortic aneurysms or cerebral and myocardial infarctions. If corticosteroid treatment is started early, most of these complications can be avoided.

Aortic Dissection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ultrasonography and gallbladder perforation in acute cholecystitis.

A group of 24 patients with perforated gallbladder operated upon between 1980 and 1987 was compared with a group of 21 patients operated upon in 1982 due to uncomplicated acute cholecystitis in order to find out whether it was possible to use some specific sonographic signs to find the patients at risk of perforation. Free fluid and fluid collections close to the gallbladder fossa were found in 9 patients. The patients with perforated gallbladders tended to have a slightly thicker gallbladder wall--7 mm (range 3-20 mm)--when compared with the uncomplicated cases of acute cholecystitis--5.3 mm (range 2-13 mm). Localized fluid collection in the wall of a gallbladder was seen in a patient just prior to the perforation. It was, however, not possible to find a common sign characteristic for imminent perforation. The study showed, however, that the combination of early diagnosis with ultrasound together with aggressive surgery reduced the mortality at gallbladder perforation to none in the last 9-year-period compared with 10 per cent in the previous 9-year-period.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Isolated intraperitoneal accumulation of bile after surgical or diagnostic procedures.

In 1969-1986 intraperitoneal accumulation of bile occurred in 21 patients after elective cholecystectomy or choledochotomy (n = 16) or percutaneous fine-needle cholangiography or biopsy (n = 5). The cause was established in all but one of the surgical cases, viz. T-tube removal (8), injury to the common bile duct (3), unrecognized aberrant bile duct (3) and leakage from liver biopsy (1). The intraperitoneal accumulation of bile led to laparotomy in 19 cases, when the median amount of bile found was 500 ml (range 100-3,500 ml). Mortality was nil, and only few and relatively minor complications could be attributed to the accumulation of bile--pleural effusion (2 cases), wound rupture (1), lower-limb venous thrombosis (1) and strictured hepatojejunostomy (1). There were no infectious complications. It is concluded that intraperitoneal accumulation of bile alone after elective surgical or invasive diagnostic procedures does not usually lead to severe complications, and that it seems distinctly less noxious than the bile peritonitis associated with acute cholecystitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacology of mesoionic oxatriazole derivatives in blood, cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

Mesoionic oxatriazole derivatives were synthetized by GEA LTD1. The GEA compounds (GEAC) constitute a new class of NO-donors, some of which stimulate selectively guanylate cyclase abiding either platelets or leukocytes or lung tissues. In consequence, some of GEAC are potent anti-platelet, fibrinolytic, thrombolytic or broncholytic agents, both in vitro and in vivo. GEAC synergize with prostacyclin in their thrombolytic actions. They also suppress the release of histamine and leukotriene B4, and prevent degranulation of granulocytes. Methylene blue reduces, and zaprinast augments their pharmacological effects. It is suggested that within a series of the newly synthetized GEA compounds there are likely to be found potential candidates for treating either thrombotic or asthmatic disorders.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Total dietary fiber determined as neutral sugar residues, uronic acid residues, and Klason lignin (the Uppsala method): collaborative study.

A joint AOAC/American Association of Cereal Chemists (AACC) collaborative study was conducted to determine by the Uppsala method the dietary fiber content and its composition in various foods. The method includes preparation of a residue by treatment with thermostable alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase and then ethanol precipitation of solubilized dietary fiber components while leaving low-molecular weight carbohydrates in solution. After acid hydrolysis of residue, neutral polysaccharide residues are determined as alditol acetates by gas-liquid chromatography, uronic acid residues are determined by colorimetry, and ash-free acid-insoluble residue (Klason lignin) is determined gravimetrically. Total dietary fiber, including enzyme-resistant starch, is calculated as the sum of nonstarch polysaccharide residues and Klason lignin. Nine laboratories completed the study, analyzing in duplicate 8 unknown dried products that included 4 cereal products, green peas, potato fiber, carrots, and apples. Total dietary fiber contents of products tested ranged from 4.6 to 84.3%, with an average RSDR value of 8.4% (range, 4.8-11.1%). Total neutral polysaccharide residues ranged from 3.8 to 64.1%, with an average RSDR value of 7.5% (range, 5.4-10.5%). Individual neutral sugars (rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, galactose, and glucose) and uronic acid residues present at more than 1% generally had good RSDR values (3.3-22.8%), whereas, as expected for Klason lignin, only the wheat bran sample with a high content (16%) had an excellent RSDR value (5.0%). The gas chromatographic-colorimetric-gravimetric method (Uppsala method) for determination of total dietary fiber (as neutral sugar residues, uronic acid residues, and Klason lignin) has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

Carbohydrates↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Conservative treatment in acute pancreatitis.

In the absence of causative therapy of acute pancreatitis the management of the disease focus on treatment and prevention of complications and symptoms. In mild acute pancreatitis intravenous fluid administration, analgetics and avoidance of oral fluid or food intake is sufficient in most cases. The treatment of severe pancreatitis involves identification of pancreatic and peripancreatic necroses, best demonstrated and evaluated by contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT). Infection of such necroses is the most common cause of death from acute pancreatitis. Recent data suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis is worthwhile and it should therefore always be instituted in the severe form of the disease. Careful monitoring of vital functions is mandatory and early treatment with assisted ventilation and renal dialysis is advised. Adequate volume replacement and nutritional support is important. The role of the gut in the development of infected necroses is becoming increasingly obvious. Also, the absence of food in the intestine may increase the intestinal barrier damage. Therefore, enteral nutrition is discussed as a logical step in pancreatitis treatment. However, the food should be delivered below the ligament of Treitz (below the area of the cholecystokinin (CCK) cells) as CCK stimulation probably worsen the course of the disease.

Acute Disease↗