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Biomedical subjects

R Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to R Anderson.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1976

Depressed neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with chronic renal failure and after renal transplantation.

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and bactericidal ability were tested with neutrophlis from patients with chronic renal failure on conservative therapy, from others of regular peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis, and from a group of patients who had received renal allografts. Chemotaxis was depressed in all groups. Phagocytosis was mildly impaired in the two groups on dialysis. The leukocytes of patients on conservative therapy had mildly decreased killing ability, whereas this function was normal in other groups tested. Sera from all patients, when activated with endotoxin, were poorly chemotactic to normal neutrophils, especially in those on conservative therapy and hemodialysis, but these sera functioned normally as opsonins for phagocytosis. The observed defect in chemotaxis could account, at least partly, for the frequency of bacterial infections in these patients.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed1975

A novel sulfonolipid in diatoms.

A new sulfonolipid has been isolated from a non-photosynthetic diatom, Nitzschia alba, by thin-layer and column chromatography on silicic acid, and characterized by 35S-labeling, mobility on thin-layer chromatography, infrared and NMR spectroscopy and products of hydrolysis, as a ceramide sulfonic acid (N-acyl sphingosine-1-sulfonic acid). The long-chain base moiety was shown by identification of the products of periodate or periodate-permanganate oxidation to consist of a C18-trans-sphingosine backbone linked directly by a C-S linkage through C1 to a SO3 group. The N-acyl groups were mainly isoheptadecanoic (64%) and palmitic (26%) acids.

Ceramides↗
PubMed1975

Development of onion bulb neuropathy in the Trembler mouse. Comparison with normal nerve maturation.

The Trembler mouse is a neurological mutant showing dominant inheritance. Adult animals show a segmental demyelinating lesion of the peripheral nerves characterized by prominent onion bulb formation which is very similar to that of human hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy. Electron microscopic study of the development of this lesion in Trembler mice nerves from 1 to 21 days of age shows: 1. Axon differentiation towards a mature 1:1 axon/Schwann cell relationship is retarded, and the initiation of myelin formation is delayed. 2. Compact myelin formation is often incomplete, and when produced undergoes rapid degeneration. 3. Schwann cells become reactive to the presence of myelin debris, undergo hypertrophy and hyperplasia resulting in digestion of myelin debris and remyelination. These processes lead to early onion bulb formation. The presence of normal axons associated with reactive changes in Schwann cells suggest that the Schwann cell change is primary and not secondary to an axonal disorder.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

The immune response in iron-deficient children: Impaired cellular defense mechanisms with altered humoral components.

Humoral and cellular defense mechanisms were evaluated in 20 children with iron deficiency anemia and in seven with latent iron deficiency. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations, salivary IgA, and total hemolytic complement were within normal range; C'3 concentration was increased. Tests of lymphocyte function showed impaired delayed hypersensitivity skin responses in vivo and decreased in vitro H-3-thymidine incorporation following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and candida antigen. Tests of neutrophil function showed normal nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, decreased bactericidal function, and increased chemotactic activity. These abnormalities could be detected in latent iron deficiency before the development of clinical anemia suggesting that altered immunologic function was an early manifestation of iron deficiency. Normal results were obtained two to three months after iron therapy was begun. The clinical implication of these findings is disucssed in relationship to the reported susceptibility of iron-deficient children to intercurrent infections.

Anemia, Hypochromic↗
PubMed1975

Postmortem findings in primary familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy.

The pathology of primary familia amyloidosis with polyneuropathy is described on the basis of post-mortem examination of six cases from Northern Sweden. Clinically the disease is characterized by progressive sensory and motor disturbances with loss of sensation, muscular wasting and flaccid paralysis. Impotence, urinary bladder dysfunction, motility disturbances of the gastro-intestinal tract and postural hypotension indicate affection of the autonomic nervous system as well. Malabsorption, cardiac insufficiency and vitreous opacites also occur. As regards the distribution of amyloid, the following findings seemed to be characteristic. Usually there were no gross lesions indicating the amyloid disease. Histopathologically, amyloid deposits were observed in great extent in the peripheral nervous system and in various parts of the peripheral autonomic nervous system as well. It occurred extensively in the walls of blood vessels of various calibres, in the perivascular collagenous connective tissue and adjacent to the smooth musculature. Amyloid deposition was also found more or less abundantly in various other organs and tissues. No deposits, however, or only insignificant amounts, were found in the central nervous system, either in the parenchyma of the liver, in the islets of Langerhans, or in the bone marrow. Clinical manifestations seemed to be related to the local deposition of the amyloid substance. Our clinical and pathological findings in this particular type of familial amyloidosis conformed mostly to those previously described.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Leucocyte function in children with kwashiorkor.

A study of leucocyte response to infection, polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis and bactericidal activity, and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction in children with kwashiorkor was undertaken and compared with a control group. The results show that total leucocyte counts were depressed in children with kwashiorkor, and lymphopenia was not infrequent. NBT reduction was normal. Abnormal polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotaxis and bactericidal activity, though frequently found in children with kwashiorkor, was shown to be dependent on infection and not on protein depletion per se. Therefore, apart from some impairment of leucocyte mobilization in the presence of infection, the qualtiy of polymorphonuclear function, as determined by the above techniques, appears to be normal in kwashiorkor.

Blood Bactericidal Activity↗
PubMed1975

Studies on the asymmetric arrangement of membrane-lipid-enveloped virions as a model system.

Lipids of BHK 21 cells (baby hamster kidney) grown in tissue culture were labelled with radioactive fatty acids. The enveloped vesicular stomatitis virus was propagated in this host cell type. The virions were purified by density gradient centrifugation. Neuraminidase treatment of the intact virions led to a complete transformation of hematoside [N-acetylneuraminosyl(alpha2-3)lactosyl(beta1-1)ceramide] into lactosylceramide, with identical labelling of the ceramide portion in hematoside of the untreated virions and the lactosylceramide of the neuraminidase-treated particles. The morphology of the virions appeared unchanged in electron micrographs, but the neuraminic-acid-free virions had a strong tendency to aggregate. The results of these studies are evidence that gangliosides are integrated exclusively into the outer lamella of the lipid bilayer in the viral envelope. It is also evident that the viral envelope is a suitable model for studies on membrane asymmetry.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

The qualitative nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test as a means to differentiate between infection and rejection in renal transplant patients.

In order to determine whether immunosupression depresses the response of the NBT test to bacterial infections and to note the effect of allograft rejection on this test, a prospective study was carried out on 30 renal transplant recipients. 12 of 30 renal transplant patients developed bacterial infections and in these patients NBT readings were elevated. 12 of the remianing 18 patients who developed rejection episodes showed normal NBT results. All patients were on high doses of steroids and other immunsuppressive agents. We conclude that the NBT test may be of value in diagnosing bacterial infection in the immunsuppressed allograft recipient, and may also be an useful adjunct in the differentiation between allograft infection and bacterial infection.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1975

The amino acid composition of the oviduct of the folic acid-treated and the folate-deficienct, oestrogen-treated immature domestic fowl.

Two experiments are described in which the effect of folate deficiency on the amino aicd content of the oviduct of oestrogen-treated, folic acid-treated and folate-deficient, immature domestic fowl is investigated. Oviducts from non-oestrogen treated, folic acid-treated and folate deficient birds are also compared. A third experiment was carried out in which the effect of folate deficiency on the amino acid composition of the five oviduct sections was examined. An attempt has been made to explain the differences in oviduct amino acid composition in terms of amino acid metabolism and the degree of structural development of the oviduct. It is concluded that folate is most essential for the response of oviduct tissue to oestrogen stimulation in areas where a specialised secretory function is involved. No direct evidence was obtained to indicate that the function of folate in glycine-serine interconversion or methionine regeneration was significant in the inhibition of oestrogen-stimulated oviduct growth.

Amino Acids↗