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Biomedical subjects

R Andersen

Publications and source records attributed to R Andersen.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Adverse reactions associated with pentamidine isethionate in AIDS patients: recommendations for monitoring therapy.

Since pentamidine has become commercially available, there is renewed interest in using it as the initial treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in AIDS patients. We reviewed the use of pentamidine in 24 patients with PCP to gain information on the prevalence and severity of adverse effects from this drug. Twenty out of twenty-four patients (83 percent) experienced some kind of adverse effect. Hepatic abnormalities (58 percent), nausea and vomiting (46 percent), hypoglycemia (33 percent), azotemia (25 percent), and pain at the injection site (25 percent) were the most frequently seen effects. We recommend monitoring guidelines to be applied during pentamidine therapy based on the observed frequency of specific side effects.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Transition metal-binding proteins from three Chesapeake Bay fish species.

Three species of Chesapeake Bay fish were collected, and endogenous levels of metal binding protein (MBP) were determined. In addition, the induction of metal-binding proteins by cadmium was studied. Livers from freshly caught fish were extracted and chromatographed on Sephadex G-75 to resolve MBP in the 5 to 20 kdalton range. All species studied exhibit measurable but varied levels of endogenous MBPs in the molecular weight range investigated, mostly as a copper protein complex. Upon induction with cadmium, the total MBP content increased in both catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and striped bass (Morone saxatilis), with significant amounts of cadmium bound to the protein. In white perch (Morone americana), induction of MBPs with cadmium could not be demonstrated due to the large amount of constitutive Cu-BP present, although significant quantities of cadmium were bound to MBP. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel was used to further identify these MBPs. Electrochemical analysis of the MBPs by polarography indicated that the wave properties of the fish MBPs resemble that of rat metallothionein. In conclusion, these studies indicate that: MBPs are present in estuarine fish from the Chesapeake Bay; concentrations of MBPs and their inducibility by exogenous cadmium vary with species, and fish MBPs may be related to mammalian metallothionein.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Peroperative hypothermia.

Heat loss during anesthesia and operation and subsequent hypothermia will increase the postoperative oxygen demand and may endanger patients with restricted cardiopulmonary reserves. Forty patients scheduled for intra-abdominal aortic surgery and 40 patients scheduled for peripheral vascular surgery on the lower limbs were investigated using a warming blanket, humidified heated inspired anesthetic gases at 37-40 degrees C, or both these methods together. A fourth group of patients received no active warming. A warming blanket used alone gave no protection against hypothermia when compared with no active warming. In the abdominal surgical group, there was a steady fall in temperature throughout the operation if no warming method was employed. In this group the use of humidified, heated inspired gases was significantly better than no treatment after 2 h of anesthesia (P less than 0.05). The combination of humidified and heated inspired gases and a warming blanket gave significantly better heat preservation after 40 min (P less than 0.05). Patients undergoing peripheral vascular surgery had similar but smaller drops in temperature with the different types of warming procedures employed. The differences in temperature between the intra-abdominal and extra-abdominal operations were statistically significant after 3 h (P less than 0.05).

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Hospital-sponsored primary care: II. Impact on patient access.

This article, the second of two, considers the impact of a nationwide demonstration of 53 community hospital sponsored group practices (CHPs). Surveys of a sample of the communities in which the CHPs were introduced suggest that about half of the communities were socioeconomically and, to some extent, medically disadvantaged. The CHPs tended to attract people who had previously not had a regular source of care or who used hospital outpatient departments or emergency rooms, as well as patients of established primary care physicians. Access to care and satisfaction appeared to be as good or better for CHP patients compared to regular patients of physicians in the target areas. The programs did not increase the use of inpatient services, emergency rooms, or hospital outpatient departments. The findings suggest that at present community hospital sponsored group practices would not have a profound effect on access to care if adopted nationally, but that targeted implementation by hospitals in lower income and minority communities can improve patient opportunities for appropriate primary care services.

Consumer Behavior↗
PubMed1984

Infections as a problem in the intensive care unit.

Problems of infections in the intensive care unit (ICU) center on patients admitted because of sepsis, patients with compromised host defenses and patients subject to invasive procedures. The mortality rate in septic shock is high, 47% in our own study. Escherichia coli was found in half the cases. Multiple organ failure is often the common denominator in patients with sepsis. Hypovolaemia and low serum proteins make the patients more susceptible to infections. Typical ICU procedure, i.e. central venous catheters, arterial lines, Swan-Ganz catheters, endotracheal tubes and urinary catheters violate natural bacterial defence barriers and may be a source of infection. Use of corticosteroids and cimetidine may impair defence mechanisms. The use and abuse of antibiotics is vital to the successful control and treatment of infections in the ICU. Infection has been quoted as the most important single factor which determines the outcome of the intensive care patient.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1983

Reduction of post-cesarean section infectious morbidity by means of antibiotic irrigation.

The effectiveness of antibiotic irrigation in reducing post-cesarean section infectious morbidity was studied in a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. One hundred twenty-eight patients were divided into three groups and irrigated with either cefoxitin solution, cephapirin solution, or saline. Following delivery of the placenta, the uterine cavity and incision, bladder flap, pelvic gutters, and subcutaneous tissue of the patients were irrigated. There was a significant reduction in total infectious morbidity (p less than 0.02) and wound infection (p less than 0.04) when antibiotic use was compared to the saline control. No statistical difference in the effectiveness of the two antibiotics could be demonstrated. No adverse effects were noted. Antibiotic irrigation is a safe and effective method in reducing infectious morbidity of the parturient patient.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

Acyclovir.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1982

Vectorcardiography in the diagnosis of postoperative myocardial infarction.

Fifty-three consecutive patients, mean age 63 years, undergoing either peripheral vascular reconstructive surgery (n = 40) or lobectomy for bronchial carcinoma (n = 13) were examined pre- and postoperatively with conventional electrocardiogram (ECG), vectorcardiogram (VCG) and estimation of serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total lactic dehydrogenase and the heat-stable fraction of lactic dehydrogenase for the diagnosis of per/postoperative myocardial infarction (MI). Six patients (11%) developed signs of acute MI. In 2 patients whose ECG showed only unspecific changes, the VCG was decisive for the diagnosis. The serum enzyme values alone were of limited value in the diagnosis of per/postoperative MI.

Aged↗