Cysticercal meningoencephalitis.
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Cysticercosis↗
Biomedical subjects
R Anand
Publications and source records attributed to R Anand.
Tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of gpIIIa in platelet membranes.
In vitro phosphorylation of platelet subcellular fractions revealed that most of the alkali-resistant phosphoproteins and the majority of pp60c-src were in the surface membrane fraction. An alkali-resistant phosphoprotein of about 100 kDa was also immune precipitated by an anti-phosphotyrosine antibody and comigrated with gpIIIa. The phosphorylation of gpIIIa, but not gpIIb, was confirmed by the comparison of reduced and non-reduced gels, and this protein was phosphorylated exclusively on tyrosine. In contrast, both gpIIb and gpIIIa were phosphorylated when the purified complex was added to immunopurified, immobilised pp60c-src. A synthetic peptide with partial homology to a putative tyrosine phosphorylation site in the cytoplasmic domain of gpIIIa was phosphorylated by antibody-purified pp60c-src. Our results indicate that tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of gpIIIa by pp60c-src may play a role in the regulation of platelet function.
Amino Acids↗
Nucleotide sequence of the human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta 2 subunit gene.
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Amino Acid Sequence↗
Isolation of cDNA clones using yeast artificial chromosome probes.
The cloning of large DNA fragments of hundreds of kilobases in Yeast artificial chromosomes, has simplified the analysis of regions of the genome previously cloned by cosmid walking. The mapping of expressed sequences within cosmid contigs has relied on the association of genes with sequence motifs defined by rare-cutting endonucleases, and the identification of sequence conservation between species. We reasoned that if the contribution of repetitive sequences to filter hybridizations could be minimised, then the use of large cloned DNAs as hybridisation probes to screen cDNA libraries would greatly simplify the characterisation of hitherto unidentified genes. In this paper we demonstrate the use of this approach by using a YAC, containing 180 kb of human genomic DNA including the aldose reductase gene, as a probe to isolate an aldose reductase cDNA from a lambda gt11 human foetal liver cDNA library.
Aldehyde Reductase↗
Determination of amino acids critical to the main immunogenic region of intact acetylcholine receptors by in vitro mutagenesis.
The main immunogenic region (MIR) of the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is the target for the majority of high-affinity autoantibodies produced in myasthenia gravis patients. Some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the MIR bind specifically, but with low affinity, to synthetic AChR alpha subunit peptides with the sequence alpha 67-76. Studies of synthetic peptides suggest that amino acids alpha 68 and alpha 71 may be especially important to the antigenic structure of the MIR. We have studied the contribution of amino acids alpha 68 and alpha 71 to the antigenicity of the MIR on intact AChR by replacing alpha 68 (N) and alpha 71 (D) of Torpedo AChR alpha with alpha 68 (D) and alpha 71 (K) by site-directed mutagenesis, expressing the mutated transcripts in Xenopus oocytes along with wild-type Torpedo beta, gamma and delta subunits, and analyzing the expressed AChR for the binding of mAbs to the MIR. These mutations of the MIR greatly diminished binding of mAbs to the MIR. Thus, both alpha 68 and alpha 71 are critical to the antigenicity of the MIR in intact AChRs.
Amino Acids↗
A novel, rapid method for the isolation of terminal sequences from yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones.
The recent development of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) vectors has provided a system for cloning fragments that are over ten times larger than those that can be cloned in more established systems. We have developed a method for the rapid isolation of terminal sequences from YAC clones. The YAC clone is digested with a range of restriction enzymes, a common linker is ligated to the DNA fragments and terminal sequences are amplified using a vector specific primer and a linker specific primer. Sequence data derived from these terminal specific products can be used to design primers for a further round of screening to isolate overlapping clones. The method also provides a convenient method of generating Sequence Tagged Sites for the mapping of complex genomes.
Base Sequence↗
A 3.5 genome equivalent multi access YAC library: construction, characterisation, screening and storage.
The construction of a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) primary gridded library of 35,000 clones from human lymphoblastoid (48,XXXX) cell line DNA is described. The average YAC size is approximately 350kb representing a greater than 3.5 times coverage of the genome. The library is stored at -70 degrees C as gridded clones on nylon filters impregnated with 20% glycerol and as glycerol suspensions of individual clones in microtitre plates providing a prolonged multi-user potential. To date we have used 14 single copy probes to screen this library by colony hybridisation as well as PCR and have isolated between 1 and 5 YAC clones for every probe.
Cell Line↗
Simplified technique for suturing dislocated posterior chamber intraocular lens to the ciliary sulcus.
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Adult↗
Sodium pentosan polysulfate (PPS), an anti-HIV agent also exhibits synergism with AZT, lymphoproliferative activity, and virus enhancement.
Sodium pentosan polysulfate (PPS), a negatively charged polymer of beta-D-xylopyranose units, was evaluated for its anti-HIV effects in normal human peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) and its possible synergism with AZT. In the presence of 25 nM AZT, 2.0 micrograms/ml of PPS reduced HIV-1 replication 110-fold, compared with a 3.9- and 7-fold decrease in the presence of either drug individually. Surprisingly, at low (below 1 microgram/ml) concentrations of either PPS or dextran sulfate, an enhancement of virus production was observed. PPS was nontoxic, had a proliferative effect on uninfected and a protective effect on infected PMNC. Virus enhancement at low concentrations of PPS appeared to be linked to its lymphoproliferative effect. These findings suggest that the use of PPS and others such agents as monotherapy for AIDS might have deleterious effects. However, due to its marked synergism with AZT and its lymphoproliferative activities, PPS might prove to be a useful agent in therapeutic trials of AIDS if used in combination with less than the usual dosage of AZT.
Carbohydrate Sequence↗
Holoprosencephaly (a case report).
We describe here a rare entity of Holoprosencephaly. The embryogenesis and the diagnostic aspects of this condition are highlighted.
Female↗
Moclobemide compared with second-generation antidepressants in elderly people.
Two multicentre studies are described here; the first compared moclobemide with mianserin and the second with maprotiline, both in elderly patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of major depressive episode. In the first study, 80 eligible patients were randomized to either moclobemide 300-500 mg or mianserin 75-125 mg per day for 4 weeks. Mean reduction in Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score was 52% in both groups. The overall assessment of efficacy was good or very good for 60% of the patients, and tolerance was considered good or very good for 85% of the patients in both groups; no significant differences between the 2 treatments were seen. The second study comprised 39 hospitalized patients randomized to either moclobemide 150-300 mg daily or maprotiline 75-150 mg daily for 6 weeks. At the end of treatment, HRSD scores declined 85% in both groups compared with baseline. The overall assessment of efficacy was over 90% good or very good in both groups. Tolerance was rated good or very good for 80% of moclobemide and 75% of maprotiline patients; none of these results differed significantly between the groups, indicating that moclobemide is as effective in elderly patients as the 2 second-generation antidepressants. In view of the safety of moclobemide, it should be considered first-line therapy for depression in elderly people.
Aged↗
Potential of moclobemide to improve cerebral insufficiency identified using a scopolamine model of aging and dementia.
After a baseline performance assessment, 28 healthy male volunteers received subcutaneous injections of scopolamine hydrobromide to induce deficits in memory, attention and cognitive processes. Subsequent performance testing established the decrements caused by the scopolamine, and then each subject was given one of 3 investigational drugs including moclobemide, or placebo, according to a latin-square design. Parallel versions of the test procedures were used to assess drug effects on the scopolamine-induced cognitive deficits. Whereas marked and statistically significant impairment was identified 60 min after scopolamine injection, the global analysis revealed statistically significant superiority of moclobemide over placebo at 120 min in relieving the scopolamine-induced decrement in performance. These results show that moclobemide may improve cognition in conditions associated with cholinergic deficit. It may therefore be especially indicated in the treatment of cognitive decline occurring with normal aging, depression in elderly people and Alzheimer's disease.
Adult↗
Cognition-enhancing effects of moclobemide, a reversible MAO inhibitor, in humans.
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Benzamides↗
Nervous system involvement in Burkitt's lymphoma.
A patient with Burkitt's lymphoma who had nervous system involvement at multiple levels is presented because of the rarity of this condition in India. A high index of suspicion and a rapidly evolving multiple neuraxial involvement led to the diagnosis.
Adult↗
Construction of yeast artificial chromosome libraries with large inserts using fractionation by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
A method for constructing yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) libraries with large insert sizes is reported. High molecular weight human DNA was partially digested with EcoRI and cloned in the vector pYAC4. When unfractionated DNA was used, the mean YAC size was 120kb. Fractionation by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using a 'waltzer' apparatus to remove small DNA fragments increased the mean YAC size to congruent to 220kb or congruent to 370kb depending on the fractionation conditions. Ligated DNA prepared by this method was stable at 4 degrees C and routinely yielded transformation efficiencies of greater than 700 colonies/micrograms. It should be possible to extend the method to produce even larger inserts and to use high molecular weight DNA from any source.
Cell Line↗
46-53 kilodalton glycoprotein from the surface of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites.
A 46-53 kDa glycoprotein antigen of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites has been identified using a murine monoclonal antibody that inhibits infection of human erythrocytes in vitro. Immunofluorescence screening with the antibody of greater than 250 isolates of the parasite finds the inhibitory epitope expressed by only 18% of strains. The glycoprotein is metabolically labelled with methionine, cysteine, histidine and glucosamine but incorporates little lysine or leucine. It is synthesized early in schizogony and remains, without any apparent processing, on the surface of released merozoites where it is demonstrated by immuno-electronmicroscopy and also by vectorial radio-iodination.
Animals↗
Acute retinal necrosis neuropathy. Clinical profile and surgical therapy.
Twelve patients (17 eyes) with the acute retinal necrosis syndrome were analyzed with special reference to the development of an acute optic neuropathy. Six patients (9 eyes) without acute optic nerve involvement were treated with intravenous acyclovir sodium and/or vitreoretinal surgery (group 1). Six patients (8 eyes) fulfilling absolute and relative criteria for acute retinal necrosis optic neuropathy were treated with intravenous acyclovir as well as optic nerve sheath decompression, and, in addition, some of these patients also underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Despite more pronounced initial visual loss compared with group 1, six eyes in group 2 regained visual acuity of 20/400 or better. In contrast, only 2 of 9 eyes in group 1 maintained their entry level visual acuity, and the visual acuities of the remaining 7 eyes deteriorated to counting fingers or worse. Therefore, the acute optic neuropathy complicating the acute retinal necrosis syndrome appears to benefit from prompt recognition and surgical decompression of the intraorbital optic nerve meninges in conjunction with intravenous acyclovir.
Acute Disease↗
Circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas.
We report observations of 71 patients with circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas. Each of these patients had a unilateral choroidal tumor with characteristic ophthalmoscopic, fluorescein angiographic, and ultrasonographic features. The affected patients ranged in age from 9 to 86 years when diagnosed. Sixty-four (90%) of the 71 patients were followed up by use after their initial diagnostic examination. The median follow-up was 45.5 months (range, 6 weeks to 12 years). Forty-two of the 64 patients were treated with scatter photocoagulation to the tumor surface on one or more occasions for vision-impairing or vision-threatening nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The subretinal fluid resolved following photocoagulation in all of these eyes, and the vision stabilized in 34 patients (53%). However, the visual acuity at the most recent follow-up was less than 6/15 in 46 (72%) of the 64 affected eyes. Scatter photocoagulation, as employed in this group of patients, frequently results in retinal reattachment and temporary visual improvement, but many patients have permanently decreased vision in the affected eye, particularly when the tumor or the retinal detachment affects the foveal area. One third of the patients with 6/60 or better visual acuity at presentation are estimated to deteriorate to less than 6/60 visual acuity within 10 years.
Adolescent↗