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Biomedical subjects

R Aigner

Publications and source records attributed to R Aigner.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

The sonographically thickened wall of the upper urinary tract system: correlation with other imaging methods.

BACKGROUND: Sonographically detected, upper urinary tract wall thickening (UUTWT) was reported to occur in urinary tract infection, urinary tract stone disease, rejection after renal transplantation and vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). A possible association with obstruction can be hypothesized. OBJECTIVE: The assessment of a potential relationship of UUTWT with VUR or obstruction in patients without one of the above-mentioned conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 38 patients (74 upper urinary tracts) with at least unilateral UUTWT and concomitant imaging studies such as voiding cystourethrography (VCU), intravenous urography (IVU) and diuretic renography (DR). RESULTS: At sonography 49 urinary tracts showed UUTWT. In 33, ipsilateral VUR could be demonstrated at VCU, 11 revealed obstruction at IVU and/or DR, and 4 showed non-obstructive pelvicalyceal dilatation at IVU and DR. In one patient, all imaging studies were normal. The positive predictive value of UUTWT for the presence of VUR was 67.4 % and for obstruction it was 22.5 %. Altogether, UUTWT indicated pathology in 98 % of urinary tracts. CONCLUSION: After exclusion of urinary tract infection, urinary stone disease and prior renal transplantation, the most common associated findings in UUTWT are VUR and obstruction. Therefore, VCU seems to be justified in all cases of UUTWT. Nonrefluxing systems should be further evaluated with DR and/or IVU for exclusion of obstruction.

Child↗
PubMed1997

[Corneal Langerhans cells. Behavior during storage in organ culture].

BACKGROUND: Corneal HLA-DR antigens are going to be lost during organ culture storage. This study investigated if this phenomenon is based on down-regulation of the HLA-DR antigen, or on a loss of the HLA-DR-positive corneal Langerhans cells (LCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Corneal LCs were stained in situ by the method of fluorescence-associated immunohistochemistry, and the organ culture mediums underwent flow cytometric analysis for HLA-DR-positive corneal LC at the end of the storage period. RESULTS: All stored corneas were negative for HLA-DR after 14 days and HLA-DR antigens could be detected in culture medium at the end of the storage time. CONCLUSION: Flow cytometry showed that organ culture storage leads to loss of HLA-DR-positive cells and not only to a loss of antigen presentation.

Antigen Presentation↗
PubMed1997

[Evaluation of renal vascularization using amplitude-coded Doppler ultrasound].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the benefit of "Colour Doppler Energy" (CDE) or "Power Doppler" applications in healthy kidneys and in renal disease including paediatric assessment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Ten healthy volunteers (range: neonate to adults) were studied using conventional colour Doppler sonography (CDS) and CDE in order to evaluate the visibility of intrarenal vasculature. In addition, ten children and ten adults with known renal disease were evaluated. The findings were compared to clinical, scintigraphic and biopsy results. RESULTS: CDE showed far better visualisation of intrarenal vasculature than CDS. CDE demonstrated focal and diffuse reduced cortical perfusion with an overall accuracy of 95% and a sensitivity of 88%. In 7 healthy volunteers cortical vasculature was visualised throughout the kidney. In 3 infants incomplete visualisation was obtained because of motion artifacts. In the diseased kidneys, CDE findings correlated well with clinical findings, scintigraphy results and biopsy findings. CONCLUSION: CDE can be successfully applied to adults and infants demonstrating renal vasculature in healthy kidneys and in kidneys with focally or diffusely altered perfusion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Photoaccentuated erythroderma associated with CD4+ T lymphocytopenia: successful treatment with 5-methoxypsoralen and UVA, interferon alfa-2b, and extracorporeal photopheresis.

We describe a 53-year-old HIV-negative white man who had chronic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia and photoaccentuated erythroderma with lymphoma-like histologic changes. The erythroderma completely responded to 5-methoxypsoralen and UVA (PUVA), interferon alfa-2b, and extracorporeal photopheresis. During therapy opportunistic skin infections, including tinea corporis, warts, and disseminated molluscum contagiosum, developed. Although the patient met the current definition of idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia (ICTL), we cannot rule out the possibility that this peripheral CD4+ T lymphocytopenia resulted from sequestration of CD4+ T lymphocytes in erythrodermic skin.

5-Methoxypsoralen↗
PubMed1996

Dynamic and static scintigraphic evaluation of cerebral arteriovenous malformations to evaluate radiosurgical treatment.

The radiobiologic changes induced by cobalt-60 gamma irradiation in cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is a torpid process. Complete obliteration may take 1 or 2 years or even longer. Neuroradiological modalities like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) do not provide sufficient information to comprehend this process. Digital subtraction angiography represents an invasive method and is therefore most often performed when complete obliteration is expected. The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of blood pool scintigraphy and functional imaging, such as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), to gain more knowledge about the volumetric changes of AVMs treated by radiosurgery. Twenty consecutive candidates for Gamma Knife treatment were selected for comparative MRI/ MRA and scintigraphic studies. All lesions ranging from 0.6 to 18.6 cm3 could be identified on blood pool and SPECT images. Seven patients had repetitive examinations at 3-month intervals to compare the relative volumetric change of the lesion. In 5 cases, a marked decrease in blood pooling was noticed after 3 months, and in 2 patients no significant change was evident. In contrast, MRI/MRA scans done at the same time did not similarly indicate progressive obliteration changes. This preliminary result indicates that scintigraphic evaluation using the blood pool technique is a very sensitive method to describe the relative volumetric change of radiosurgically treated AVMs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Gallium-67-citrate scintigraphy of high-grade T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Scintigraphy with 67Ga-citrate indicated the transition of an orbital pseudotumor into a lymphoma by a distinct increase in 67Ga avidity. The patient initially presented with a pseudotumor in the right orbit that was verified by CT and MRI. It was caused by a chronic reactive lymphocytic inflammation extending from the lacrimal gland. At that time, scintigraphy was negative. Six and a half weeks later, the tumor had not responded to therapy and scintigraphy then showed a striking increase in gallium avidity. Consequently the tumor was excised and histology ultimately revealed a high-grade non-Hodgkin's T-cell lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Selective arterial DSA of the femur head vessels].

Selective arterial DSA of the arteries of the femoral head was carried out in 39 patients. The appearances were studied in nine patients without any hip abnormality, in 13 idiopathic and eight post-traumatic cases of femoral head necrosis and in nine patients with recent fractures. In every patient the vessels were well demonstrated. In the presence of idiopathic aseptic necrosis there was always hypervascularity around the necrotic area. As in the normal controls, pathological findings were seen in the deep branch of the medial circumflex femoral artery and in the nutrient artery in one-third of patients. Post-traumatic aseptic necrosis, recent fractures and dislocations always showed abnormalities of the vessels to the femoral head. The changes in the femoral head vessels demonstrated by DSA are probably not of great significance for the development of idiopathic aseptic necrosis, however they are found regularly following trauma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[The joints in the posterior part of the foot in the computed tomogram. Studies on amputation preparations and clinical observations].

CT of the foot often helps clarification of difficult problems where conventional radiology has proved inadequate. Sections in the coronary and transverse plane may demonstrate fractures, joint involvement and displacement of bone fragments. Ill-defined degenerative changes in the talo-calcaneal joint can be demonstrated. The extent and localisation of rare tumours of the foot can be shown and additional information may be obtained by densitometric studies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Serum results following experimental fracture alignment and thyrocalcitonin treatment (author's transl)].

Serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations were determined during bone healing under treatment of thyrocalcitonin. The right tibiae of 160 albino rats were osteotomized. Of these, 80 were treated with thyrocalcitonin. During the 50-day observation period, the calcium level in the thyrocalcitonin-treated sample never differed significantly from that of the control group. However, the alkaline phosphatase activity and the serum phosphorus level significantly differed from the control levels (P less than 0.05) during 4 days of observation. The increased serum alkaline phoshatase activity--a sign of osteoblastic activity--suggests that thyrocalcitonin may aid in osteogenesis and bone healing.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

[Experimental studies on the effect of thyrocalcitonin on secondary bone healing (author's transl)].

The effect of thyrocalcitonin on secondary bone healing was studied in 180 Sprague-Dawley-rats. The right tibia of all the rats was osteotomized. Half of the animals was treated with thyrocalcitonin. Until the 60th postoperative day, the increase in 99mTc-methylendiphosphonate activity was measured and significant differences in ratios were noted. Between the postoperative days 10 to 25, there was a significant difference in the impulse quotients between the thyrocalcitonin and untreated rats (P less than 0.05). These results indicate that thyrocalcitonin may aid in secondary bone healing.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Spinal lesions following modified exercises in adolescent high performance gymnasts].

20 high performance gymnasts between 14 and 22 years of age had an anamnestical, clinical and radiological checkup on the spine in order to assess news training-methods. Radiologically only 3 gymnasts were found to be without any pathological manifestation. 7 cases of M. Scheuermann were located. The other athletes showed degenerative findings of vertebral columns especially in the thoracic-lumbar transition. These degenerative signs, and the fact tht the gymnasts had no spondylosis, are the result of new exercises, which avoid extreme bending load in the lowest segment of the lumbar region. Anamnestical and radiological findings do not correlate. A critical medical screening is necessary before and during high performance training.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[The effect of training and anabolic agents on the weight of the heart and extremities].

Albino-mice (50 animals per group) were exercised (running) for 30 days (29,6 km/animal totally) or received in the same period Methandrostenolon (0,12 mg/animal). With a third group exercise and anabolic steroid was combined. Mean body weight, mean weight of fore and hind leg, also mean weight of heart were compared between the groups and with corresponding weights of the control group. Calculating with allometry equation the influence of both exogen factors on weight of extremities and weight of heart was determined. Anabolic steroid resulted an increased body weight, significantly more than in the control animals. Exercise reduced statistically the weight of living animals. Without influence of body weight the combination of exercise and anabolic steroid made an increase to the weight of extremities, especially of the hind leg. The weight of heart increased only after exercise.

Animals↗