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Biomedical subjects

R Abel

Publications and source records attributed to R Abel.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Cyclocryotherapy for glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty.

Thirty-six eyes underwent cyclocryotherapy after penetrating keratoplasty for medically unmanageable elevated intraocular pressures. Thirty were controlled with one procedure, five required three procedures. Eighty-two percent of the transplants remained clear after cryotherapy and 19 of 23 with clear grafts obtained useful visual acuity. Our results including the number of patients whose glaucoma was controlled by this procedure and the percent of clear grafts following cryotherapy are far better than results of other forms of glaucoma surgery after keratoplasty. The complication rate was 14% for all procedures. Most procedures were performed within 12 weeks of the corneal transplant. Cyclocryotherapy is necessary for the successful management of glaucoma after penetrating keratoplasty to avoid graft failure and must be performed if acceptable visual acuity is to be attained.

Acetates↗
PubMed1975

Intravenous adenine arabinoside against herpes simplex keratouveitis in humans.

Adenine arabinoside possessed all of the desirable characteristics for an antiviral agent: (1) not incorporated into host DNA; (2) broad spectrum activity against the DNA family of viruses; (3) lack of resistance in vitro; (4) rapid excretion; (5) did not cause immunosuppression; (6) low toxicity in significantly effective doses; and (m7) relatively inexpensive. Adenine arabinoside employed in 20 mg/kg1day intravenous infusions for seven days in a controlled series of patients was clearly effective in treating herpetic keratouveitis with only minimal adverse reactions. For the first time there may be an effective specific treatment for herpetic stromal disease and iritis. Further controlled studies comparing the effectiveness of adenine arabinoside with and without concommitant topical corticosteroid therapy are necessary.

Adenine↗
PubMed1975

Keratoplasty wound separations.

Forty cases of partial or full-thickness corneal wound separtions after penetrating keratoplasty comprised three groups. One group of separations occurred before suture removal, due to technical problems encountered at surgery or increased intraocular pressure, or both. Most separations occurred immediately after suture removal and may be the most preventable. The third group of separations occurred long after suture-removal and may not be associated with obvious trauma. About 50% of all wound separations caused graft failure, but patients with fullthickness wound separations had a worse prognosis for visual acuity recovery. Of those grafts that failed after wound separation and were retransplanted, there is a good chance of visual recovery. In our series, fullthickness wound separations or partial wound gape occurred in about 5.7% of our transplant cases. With delay of suture removal associated with a more adequate clinical means of evaluating wound healing, this number may be decreased.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Prolonged pain after cyclocryotherapy performed with retrobulbar bupivicaine hydrochloride anesthesia.

Ten patients received retrobulbar bupivicaine (Marcaine) in conjunction with cyclocryotherapy for medically unresponsive postpenetrating keratoplasty glaucoma and were found to experience significantly longer postoperative pain than 20 patients who recieved lidocaine (Xylocaine) anesthesia. The duration of pain was correlated with the need for narcotic analgesis whenever possible. We encourage further investigation into the etiology of the discomfort after cyclocryotherapy employing retrobulbar bupivicaine anesthesia.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1975

Herellea vaginicola and ocular infections.

This case report describes a chronic medically-refractory corneal ulcer which eventually yielded Herellea vaginicola from resected corneal tissue. A review of the literature cites the occurrence of this organism as an inhabitant of normal conjunctiva, as an infrequent cause of conjunctivitis, and as the causative agent in two previous cases of corneal ulcers. This case illustrates the difficulty in the isolation of the organism and indicates the need for diagnostic and therapeutic keratectomy in conjunction with a conjunctival flap.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1975

Intraoperative evaluation of the lens during penetrating keratoplasty.

The decision to extract the lens at the time of penetrating keratoplasty often depends upon the surgeon's philosophy regarding the efficacy of one-stage versus two-stage procedures, because the status of the lens in a patient with visually disabling corneal disease frequently cannot be determined before the operation. The commonly employed techniques for evaluating the clarity of the lens intraoperatively are prone to inaccuracies and often depend upon pupil size. Because a combined procedure may entail a more complicated postoperative course, some surgeons elect not to extract the lens at the time of keratoplasty. This will necessitate a second procedure which might ultimately compromise a successful corneal graft, as well as allow the possibility that some cataractous lenses may become progressively intumescent during the postoperative period and endanger the clarity of the transplant. It is, therefore, important to have a method to more accurately evaluate the status of the lens in patients with opaque corneas. The application of the coaxially-illuminated operating microscope to visualize fundus details after the corneal button has been removed permits a better estimation of the lens clarity.

Cataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tamil Nadu nutritional survey comparing children aged 0-3 years with the NCHS/CDC reference population.

A cross-sectional nutritional survey of children belonging to Tamil Nadu State of India, aged 0-3 years was conducted on a representative sample of 2039 children. The collected data was analysed using the recommended indices of height-for-age and weight-for-height based on standard deviation (SD scores) and cross-classified using the SD scores. The nutritional status of these children was compared with the NCHS standard. Prevalence of stunting (27.6%), wasting (9.9%) and simultaneous wasting and stunting (10.7%) was high among the children studied.

Body Height↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epidemiological co-relates of low birth weight in rural Tamil Nadu.

A total of 328 consecutive births born between July and September 1990 were analysed. The rate of LBW was 24.6%. The mean birth weight was 2.72 kg (+/- 0.44 kg). Association between LBW and parity, mother's age, mother's height, gestational weight, risk status at pregnancy and antenatal care was observed. These results indicate that there is a need to strengthen maternal services to address the problem of LBW in India.

Birth Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal risk factors associated with low birth weight.

Maternal factors comprising of social, obstetric and anthropometric are found to influence LBW. The present study had found association between obstetric risk factors like age of the mother, parity and gravida with LBW. Similar association was also observed between maternal height, and maternal weight with LBW. However, social factors were not found to be associated with LBW. This could probably be due to RUHSA's intervention which requires a further inquiry.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of food on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, an inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.

The pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, were characterized in 16 healthy subjects following administration of 10 mg atorvastatin tablets with, or 3 h after, evening meals for 15 days in an open-label, randomized, 2-way crossover study. Atorvastatin was well tolerated. Atorvastatin administration with evening meals resulted in 25.2% lower mean Cmax and 29.8% longer mean tmax values relative to administration after meals. The mean AUC(0-24) value was 8.6% lower for atorvastatin administration with meals compared to after meals. In contrast to the effect of food on pharmacokinetics, LDL-C reductions were similar after atorvastatin administration with or after evening meals. Average reductions from baseline were 24.4% for total cholesterol, 39.6% for LDL-C and 10% for triglycerides. Therefore, atorvastatin may be administered with or without food.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Heterotopic pancreas as lead point in intussusception: new variant of vitellointestinal tract malformation.

Two cases of intussusception are reported with heterotopic pancreatic tissue attached to and draining into the ileum. The first patient, a boy aged 16 months, presented with ileoileal intussusception. The diagnosis was confirmed on ultrasound scan. Laparotomy and resection were performed. A 12-mm nodule of heterotopic pancreatic tissue was identified in the ileal serosa at the apex of the intussusceptum, fully formed with acinar tissue, islets, and draining duct. The second patient, also a boy aged 16 months, presented with obstructed ileocolic intussusception in which the lead point at surgery resembled a Meckel's diverticulum. Histopathology revealed a similar 10-mm nodule of fully formed pancreatic tissue in the ileal serosal tissues, with some acinar tissue extending through the wall of the intestine alongside ductal structures. In both cases there was ectopic gastric mucosa either in the distal part of the draining duct or in the small intestine itself at the opening. Heterotopic pancreas is a rare cause of intussusception. We propose that this lesion is of vitellointestinal tract origin, conceptually similar to a Meckel's diverticulum but without a diverticulum as such. Heterotopic pancreatic tissue occurring alone is more common in the proximal small intestine, duodenum, and stomach than in the ileum, and it is often asymptomatic.

Choristoma↗