Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

R Abe

Publications and source records attributed to R Abe.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Immunohistochemical overexpression of C-erbB-2 in the prognosis of breast cancer.

Immunohistochemical c-erbB-2 protein overexpression was detected in 34 of 124 (27.4%) paraffin-embedded breast cancer specimens. Although no difference was seen between the c-erbB-2 positive and negative groups in 5-year disease-free survival, 5-year overall survival was significantly less favorable in the c-erbB-2 positive group. Furthermore, patients graded as having positive c-erbB-2 staining and aneuploid DNA showed significantly poorer survival than those in other categories. The significant prognostic factors, determined by a multivariate analysis, were nodal status and c-erbB-2 overexpression. Our findings therefore suggest that c-erbB-2 expression is a prognostic factor in breast cancer and that it could be useful in the determination of postoperative adjuvant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The neurosurgical management of brain metastasis from colorectal cancer: a report of three cases.

We report herein three cases of brain metastasis from primary colorectal cancer in which the metastatic lesion was resected to effectively relieve neurological symptoms. Case 1 was a 61-year-old woman with a solitary brain metastasis from colorectal cancer and no other metastases; case 2 was a 59-year-old woman who died from liver metastasis 11 months after resection of the metastatic brain tumor; and case 3 was a 68-year-old woman with multiple metastases to the lungs and bones detected before the brain metastasis. According to 16 cases previously reported in the Japanese literature and our 3 cases, the interval between diagnosis of the primary cancer and discovery of brain metastasis was 23 months on average, while the median survival after the discovery of brain metastasis was 7 months. Brain metastases with liver and lung metastases were seen more frequently than brain metastases alone. In these three cases, chemotherapy appears to have been of no use in preventing recurrence. Thus, we believe neurosurgical management to be appropriate for a solitary lesion and that it should be actively pursued to prolong survival and improve quality of life.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1993

NADPH-diaphorase activity in neurons of the mammalian pancreas: coexpression with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

BACKGROUND: To provide a morphological basis for understanding the role of nitric oxide in the pancreas, the present study was designed to clarify the localization and distribution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) activity, a marker of NO synthase, in the pancreas of several mammalian species, including humans. METHODS: NADPH-d activity was examined in the rat, guinea pig, dog, and human pancreas by histochemistry. In addition, the possibility of coproduction of NO and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) was investigated by a combined use of histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the pancreas, NADPH-d activity was localized in nerve fibers, nerve cell bodies, and the vascular endothelium. Nerve fibers with the enzyme activity were chiefly distributed in the exocrine pancreas and showed species differences in the distribution. Nerve fibers stained for NADPH-d were also observed in the endocrine pancreas, but the enzyme activity was not detected in the islet cells. Part of the nerve fibers and nerve cell bodies coexpressed NADPH-d activity and VIP-immunoreactivity. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NO may act as a neuronal mediator and an endothelium-derived relaxing factor and may physiologically interact with VIP in the mammalian pancreas.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗
PubMed1993

A reliable operative procedure for preparing a sufficiently nourished gastric tube for esophageal reconstruction.

We developed a reliable procedure for obtaining sufficient blood flow at the anastomotic site of the gastric tube for esophageal reconstruction. By utilizing the junction between the left gastroepiploic and short gastric vessels via the splenic hilar vascular arcade, the distal portion of the gastric tube could be sufficiently nourished. The application of this technique resulted in a complete prevention of postoperative anastomotic leakage after antesternal esophageal reconstruction.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Effect of mass screening for breast cancer from the aspect of psychosocial assessment of the quality of life.

To assess the quality of life (QOL) in patients with breast cancer receiving mass screening, a collaborative matched case-control study was conducted in nine hospitals throughout Japan. A total of 122 patients detected by mass screening (study group) and 226 patients found in out-patient clinics (control group) were assessed psychosocially on the basis of questionnaire information. The incidence of patients with early stage breast cancer was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Chest wall pain was observed in 35.2% of the study group and in 46.5% of the control group (P < 0.05). Although control patients were more optimistic than study group patients, disturbed daily life and anxiety about recurrence were a little more frequent in the former group than in the latter. In particular, shoulder stiffness was frequently seen in the control group (P < 0.05). Early detection and information do not create anxiety in mass screening patients (P < 0.01). We should recommend mass screening to patients to detect early stage breast cancer and provide better QOL.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1993

Optimal frequency of radiofrequency catheter ablation in vitro and in vivo for treating ventricular tachycardias--a study using various frequencies.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal frequency for radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardias. A radiofrequency current was delivered from a 6F bipolar electrode catheter with a tip electrode width of 4 mm. Ablation was performed for a pulse duration of 10 sec at 20 watts (50 V and 0.4 A) at seven different frequencies between 10 and 500 kHz. We used 35 canine isolated left ventricular endocardial sites in vitro and 14 anesthetized dogs in vivo. The lesions which were ablated at frequencies of 200 and 300 kHz were significantly larger than those at other frequencies, with a mean surface areas of 78.5 and 76.3 mm2, and mean depths of 4.0 and 4.1 mm, respectively (p < 0.05). The appearance of ventricular arrhythmias during ablation increased as the frequency decreased. One dog, to which a frequency of 100 kHz was applied, developed spontaneous ventricular fibrillation and died. All of the dogs which received a current with a frequency under 50 kHz exhibited muscle cramping during ablation. Ventricular stimuli applied after ablation did not induce ventricular tachycardia. These results suggest that the optimal frequency for ablating a large lesion is between 200 and 300 kHz. To avoid inducing malignant ventricular arrhythmia during ablation, the frequency must exceed 200 kHz. Furthermore, a frequency below 100 kHz should not be used in radiofrequency catheter ablation because of the risk of arrhythmias and muscle cramping.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Exercise in elderly NIDDM].

The clinical evaluation of exercise in elderly NIDDM was investigated with the following. Based on the questionnares filled in by 508 patients with NIDDM regarding whether they had regular exercise for treatment of diabetes mellitus or not, 53.4% and 41.4% of NIDDM men obtained regular exercise in the 30-40 and 50-59 age groups, respectively. On the other hand, the figures for the 60-69 and over 70 age groups were 67.0% and 73.3%, respectively. From these data, regular exercise in elderly NIDDM men was significantly more frequent than in middle aged NIDDM men. No similar tendency in NIDDM women was found. Regular exercise as a therapeutic approach was lowest in the insulin group compared to other types of therapy. We investigated heart rate pressure product, work rate, volume of oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT) during exercise on bicycle ergometer. These parameters in elderly NIDDM men and women aged over 60 were significantly lower compared to young and middle aged cases of NIDDM. But these clinical parameters at the anaerobic threshold (AT) after exercise training were significantly improved in work rate and blood pressure as compared to data before exercise training. We compared the effects of exercise at an intensity of AF for 30 minutes on glucose metabolism between middle aged and elderly NIDDM. Levels of blood glucose in elderly NIDDM after exercise was not changed, whereas that in middle aged NIDDM after exercise was significantly decreased. From the present study, many clinical differences were seen between elderly and young NIDDM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Prevention of post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease.

Post-transfusion graft-versus-host disease (PT-GVHD) is a rare complication of blood transfusion. However, it occurs not only in immunosuppressed patients but also in immunocompetent patients, and is a phenomenon with a heavy mortality rate of more than 90 percent. At present, the use of blood irradiated is considered the most effective method of preventing of PT-GVHD. However, there are some unsettled problems such as the appropriate dose of irradiation, the influence of irradiation on the function of blood components, the elevation of potassium levels and the selection of patients suitable for irradiated blood transfusion.

Blood↗
PubMed1993

Graft-versus-host disease: introduction and prospect.

In order to devise the way of prevention and the progress in the treatment of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD), this issue is published as the results of the symposium on GVHD at Fukushima Medical College, 1992. HLA analyses of TA-GVHD forced us to alter our concept of mechanism of this disease. As one-way matching in HLA from donor to recipient is important in developing the TA-GVHD, transfusions between relatives are most hazardous and there is a higher risk even unrelated donors in Japanese. Prophylactic irradiation of blood components is the method of inactivating immunocompetent lymphocytes and is nowadays the most effective in preventing the TA-GVHD. In the future we will have leukocyte depletion filters of next generation and ultraviolet irradiation on platelet concentrates as alternative to irradiation.

Graft vs Host Disease↗
PubMed1993

Mechanism of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease.

Recent investigations have revealed that transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease (TA-GVHD) occurs in patients whose immune system is immature or impaired, but also in immunocompetents. The mechanism of TA-GVHD in immunocompromised patients is that donor's viable lymphocytes can not be rejected by the recipient because of defects in cellular immunity. While, even in immunocompetent patients, TA-GVHD may occur when an HLA-heterozygous recipient receives blood from a donor who is homozygous for one of the patient's haplotypes. Engraftment of donor's lymphocytes may be established without rejection, as the donor's homozygous lymphocytes are identical with one of the patient's haplotypes in HLA. Our calculations show that the Japanese have a greatest risk of TA-GVHD than other populations among relatives and unrelated donors.

Graft vs Host Disease↗
PubMed1993

[An experimental study of catheter ablation using microwave energy via coaxial electrode catheter].

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy, arrhythmogenicity, and the size of ablated lesions of catheter ablation with microwave energy. Microwave energy generated by a device with a frequency of 2450 MHz, was delivered via a bipolar electrode coaxial catheter with an electrode ball tip. Microwave ablation was applied (50 watts for 15-150 sec.) on the left ventricular endocardium in 6 dogs. No ventricular arrhythmia occurred during ablation in any of the dogs when microwave catheter ablation was applied for less than 45 sec. However, when the duration of microwave catheter ablation was longer than 45-60 sec, ventricular premature contractions were observed in all 6 dogs. When ablation time was set for a longer time, the dogs developed nonsustained ventricular tachycardias. Nevertheless, ventricular arrhythmias after ablation did not occur in all dogs. Ventricular programmed stimulation after ablation did not induce ventricular tachycardia in any of the dogs. When ablation time lasted more than 120 sec, the coagulation layer was extended to the epicardium in all 6 dogs. The results of this study suggest that microwave ablation is feasible for the treatment of tachyarrhythmias from a deep focus of the ventricular myocardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Different growth rate and contracting activity of collagen gel between fibroblasts from breast cancer tissue and normal breast tissue].

We have already reported that stromal fibroblasts of breast cancer tissue (CaF) promoted the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro. It was found that CaF and fibroblasts in normal breast tissue (NF) showed the different growth and contracting activity. Materials were obtained from cancer tissue and normal breast tissue. Cells were prepared by collagenase digestion. The CaF's growth was more rapid than NF's. After a reconstitution of type I collagen, monolayer cultures of CaF and NF were done on collagen gel for 24 hours, then collagen gel was detached from the dish and was being float. After 2 days incubation, an area of collagen gel was measured. A contraction of CaF's gel was greater than that of NF. This showed that CaF had more contracting activity than NF. These results might be indicated that the function of CaF was to contribute the invasive growth of breast cancer cell as well as to secrete the growth factors. Therefore, it is considered, a control of the fibroblasts derived from cancer stroma may play an important role in the treatment of breast cancer.

Breast↗
PubMed1993

[An experimental study evaluating the efficacy of platelet aggregation inhibitory (OKY-046) for hepatic metastasis of VX2 carcinoma].

To investigate whether a platelet aggregation inhibitor (OKY-046) can inhibit VX2 tumor metastasis, VX2 tumor cells (1 x 10(7) cells) were inoculated into the portal vein and OKY-046 (an inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthesis) was administered continuously at 0.2 mg/kg/hour (group A), and 0.6 mg/kg/hour (group B) into the portal vein from 30 min, before tumor cell inoculation through the following 2 days. In group C, adriamycin (ADM) 1 mg/kg was administered via the portal vein on the next day, 3rd, and 5th day after OKY-046 infusion was completed. Only ADM was administered into the portal vein on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day in group D and immediately and on the 2nd and 4th day after tumor cell inoculation in group E. The numbers of tumor nodules on the whole liver surface at three weeks after tumor inoculation in the control, group A, B, C, D and E were 546 +/- 79, 504.5 +/- 74, 438.8 +/- 59.9, 8 +/- 6.1, 130 +/- 89.7, and 9.5 +/- 5.3, respectively. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of the tumor growth of OKY-046 depended on inhibition of extravasation of the portally inoculated VX2 tumor cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[An experimental study on transcoronary chemical ablation: comparison of ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by chemical ablation according to different chemical materials].

The purpose of this study was to compare heart rate, appearance rate and duration of ventricular tachycardia (VT) by transcoronary chemical ablation using 95% ethanol and 1% aethoxysclerol respectively. After the balloon which was guided to the left or right coronary artery with PTCA technique in anesthetized dogs was inflated, chemical ablation was performed using ethanol (n = 5) or aethoxysclerol (n = 5). These chemicals were administered at 0.05 ml/sec with total dose of 0.50-1.50 ml. A quadripolar electrode catheter was used to record the intracardiac electrogram. VT occurred in all dogs (100%) after the administration of both ethanol and aethoxysclerol. In one dog using ethanol, VT developed into ventricular fibrillation, resulting in death. In dogs using aethoxysclerol, the heart rate and duration of VT were significantly lower and shorter than in those using ethanol (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences determined histologically in the ablated lesions caused by these different chemicals. We conclude that the severity of VT induced in all subjects by chemical ablation is different according to the materials applied, and that aethoxysclerol seems to be safer in comparison with ethanol.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[S-phase fraction and malignant potential in DNA diploid colorectal cancer].

Patients with DNA diploid tumor have a significantly longer survival than those with DNA aneuploid in colorectal cancer, but some patients with diploid tumor show poor survival. For assessing malignant potential in diploid colorectal cancer, flow cytometric analysis of S-phase fraction (SPF) was investigated using paraffin-embedded materials from 79 carcinoma patients who had been treated from 1971 to 1989. There was no significant correlation between SPF and clinicopathological factors (such as sex, tumor size, tumor location, macroscopical type, depth of invasion, node metastasis, peritoneal dissemination, liver metastasis and clinical stage). Mean SPF was significantly higher in poorly differentiated type carcinomas than in well differentiated type carcinomas. Patients with higher SPF had a tendency to poorer survival than those with lower SPF. From these results, it was concluded that SPF represents histological differentiation and that SPF may be a prognostic indicator, in diploid colorectal cancer.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of the Mlsf system. I. A novel "polymorphism" of endogenous superantigens.

In addition to Mlsa (Mls-1a) and Mlsc (Mls-2a, Mls-3a), we and others have recently described a third set of stimulatory minor lymphocyte stimulating (Mls) determinants, which are ligands for "I-E related" V beta, V beta 5, V beta 11, and V beta 12. Although all V beta associated with the recognition of the conventional Mls determinants are, in general, uniformly deleted in those animals expressing relevant Mls, expression of Mlsf-related V beta reveals various deletion patterns among different strains. Here we describe extensive genetic studies to evaluate the relationship among the self-Ag responsible for clonal deletion of T cells bearing Mlsf-related V beta by using antibodies specific for TCR V beta chain. In addition, a panel of T cell clones specific for the Mlsf determinant were generated and employed to analyze the determinant specificity, which is recognized by Mlsf-reactive T cells in vitro as well as the role of class II molecules in T cell recognition of the Mlsf determinants. The results of these two independent approaches provide evidence that the Mlsf system is composed of a set of gene products that reveal a unique polymorphism in the induction of clonal deletion in vivo and in T cell activation in vitro. One of these gene products causes almost complete deletion of the self-Mlsf reactive T cell repertoire in vivo and elicits a strong proliferative response to Mlsf-specific T cell clones. Expression of the other gene products results in the clonal deletion of only part of the Mlsf-reactive T cell repertoire. Furthermore, the response pattern of Mlsf-specific clones to intra-MHC recombinant inbred strains and the inhibition pattern of these clones by anti-class II antibody suggested that although expression of the I-E molecule is essential for T cell recognition of Mlsf determinants, the A beta gene may also contribute to the efficient presentation of Mlsf determinants by forming unique class II E alpha A beta molecules.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Characterization of the Mlsf system. II. Identification of mouse mammary tumor virus proviruses involved in the clonal deletion of self-Mlsf-reactive T cells.

The genetic linkage of loci encoding stimulatory Mlsa and Mlsc determinants with proviruses of mouse mammary tumour viruses (MMTV) has been shown. We previously have reported that the ligand(s) for V beta 5, V beta 11, and V beta 12 behaves as a novel minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) determinant(s), Mlsf, to induce the strong proliferation of unprimed T cells, and that this ligand(s) also functions as a self-Ag for the clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells. In the accompanying paper (Part I), a unique polymorphism characteristic of the Mlsf gene product is presented. In order to determine the genetic basis for this novel Mls system, we examined the progeny of multiple genetic crosses to identify the MMTV proviral loci involved in the clonal deletion of self-Mlsf-reactive T cells. Results from these investigations indicated that at least three known MMTV proviruses, Mtv-8, Mtv-9, and Mtv-11 are involved in the expression of Mlsf gene products. Presence of Mtv-9 results in the complete deletion of V beta 5, V beta 11, and V beta 12; Mtv-8 is associated with the complete deletion of V beta 12, but only a partial deletion of V beta 11 (primarily CD4-positive T cell subset) with little or no deletion of V beta 5; and Mtv-11 induces the complete deletion of V beta 11 and V beta 12, but no deletion of V beta 5. Given the significant sequence homology in the C-terminal portion of the open reading frame (ORF) region among these three MMTV and the almost equivalent effect of these three MMTV provirus upon the V beta 12 repertoire, their apparent hierarchic effect upon the V beta 5 and V beta 11 repertoires suggests that affinity differences in recognition of the same determinant by different TCR V beta may play a significant role in the clonal deletion of self-reactive T cells.

Animals↗