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Biomedical subjects

R A Wilson

Publications and source records attributed to R A Wilson.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1966

The teaching of psychiatry as applied to pediatrics: proposals based on a report prepared by the education committee, Canadian Paediatric Society.

With changing patterns of pediatric practice, the practising physician needs to acquire a deeper understanding of the emotional and intellectual development of the child. Skill is also required in the techniques of interviewing and counselling parents, and, with a knowledge of the origin of behavioural disorders, in treating these disorders. The Education Committee of the Canadian Paediatric Society was asked to survey the present teaching of psychiatry as applied to pediatrics in all Canadian medical schools. Based on this survey and other studies, a training program for undergraduate medical students and graduates is proposed.

Canada↗
PubMed1966

X-ray film.

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Radiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Schistosome migration in primates: a study in the olive baboon (Papio anubis).

The migration of isotopically labelled schistosomula of Schistosoma mansoni from the skin to the hepatic portal system of baboons was tracked by autoradiography of compressed organ preparations. Passage of schistosomula from skin to lungs was rapid between days 2 and 5, 72% of applied parasites being detected in the lungs at the latter time. There was an equally rapid migration from lungs to liver, 60% of the adult worm burden having arrived by day 9. Perfusion data indicated a final maturation of not less than 78%. No evidence was found to support or refute a systemic phase of migration. Thus, in comparison to rodents, schistosome migration in baboons appears to be faster and more successful, possibly because the lungs do not represent a significant obstacle to migration.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dominant antibody responses to Fucalpha1-3GalNAc and Fucalpha1-2Fucalpha1-3GlcNAc containing carbohydrate epitopes in Pan troglodytes vaccinated and infected with Schistosoma mansoni.

The development of the humoral anti-glycan immune response of chimpanzees, either or not vaccinated with radiation-attenuated Schistosoma mansoni cercariae, was followed during 1 year after infection with S. mansoni. During the acute phase of infection both the vaccinated and the control chimpanzees produce high levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against carbohydrate structures that are characteristic for schistosomes carrying the Fucalpha1-3GalNAc and Fucalpha1-2Fucalpha1-3GlcNAc motifs, but not to the more widespread occurring structures GalNAcbeta1-4GlcNAc, GalNAcbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc, and Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3)GlcNAc (Lewis(x)). In addition, high levels of IgM antibodies were found against the trimeric Lewis(x) epitope. Apparently, the schistosome-characteristic carbohydrate structures are dominant epitopes in the anti-glycan humoral immune response of the chimpanzees. All chimpanzees showed an increase in the level of antibodies against most of the carbohydrate structures tested directly after vaccination, peaking at challenge time and during the acute phase of infection. With the exception of anti-F-LDN antibody responses, the anti-carbohydrate antibody responses upon schistosome infection of the vaccinated animals were muted in comparison to the control animals.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Detection and characterization of vascular lesions by intravascular ultrasound: an in vitro study correlated with histology.

High-frequency intravascular ultrasound (30 and 40 MHz) was applied to study 112 human vascular specimens. The ultrasound images were compared with histologic cross-sections. In 44 out of 58 of the histologically classified muscular arteries, a hypoechoic middle layer was seen in the vessel wall, giving it a three-layered appearance. In 10 arteries, fibrous degeneration of the muscular media resulted in a homogeneous appearance of the vessel walls, whereas atherosclerotic plaque precluded the visualization of the arterial media in four of the arteries. A three-layered appearance was seen in seven of nine histologically classified transitional arteries, and a homogeneous arterial wall was seen in two of the nine. None of the 33 elastic arteries, veins, venous bypass, and Goretex conduits showed a hypoechoic medial layer. Histologically proved fibrous intimal thickening was echographically detected in 32 of 48 specimens (67%). It was noted that these intimal lesions were easier to detect with 40 MHz than with 30 MHz transducers. Hypoechoic areas of lipid deposition were detected in 32 of 36 specimens (89%) and could be distinguished from fibrous plaques. Histologically evident calcium deposits were detected with intravascular ultrasound in 35 of 36 specimens (97%). Measurement of plaque area was only possible in cross sections with a three-layered appearance. Quantitative analysis showed a significantly larger lumen area measured from ultrasonic images (26.3 +/- 21.3 mm2) than from histologic cross-sections (21.8 +/- 16.6 mm2, p less than 0.001), probably because of tissue shrinkage during processing for histology. A significant correlation (r = 0.96, p less than 0.001) between ultrasonic and histologic measurements of lumen areas was observed, with and a negligible interobserver and intraobserver variability. Plaque area and medial thickness correlated well with histology (r = 0.87, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.93, p less than 0.001, respectively). It appears from this in vitro study that intravascular ultrasound is an accurate technique for detection and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions. Vessel lumen area can be measured in most instances, whereas plaque area and medial thickness can only be reliably assessed in muscular arteries in which the hypoechoic media serves as a reference, and shadowing by calcium or attenuation by fibrous plaque components is absent.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rubidium-82 myocardial uptake and extraction after transient ischemia: PET characteristics.

The effects of transient regional ischemia on monovalent cation uptake and extraction by the myocardium were studied in seven open chest dogs. Following a 10-20% stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery to prevent reactive hyperemia, the regional myocardial uptake of the monovalent cation 82Rb (ml/min/g X extraction) was measured before, during, and at 10, 30, and 60-80 min after a 10 min total occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery using positron emission tomography. Regional myocardial blood flow was also measured at the same time interval using radiolabeled carbonized microspheres. The regional myocardial extraction of 82Rb was calculated as uptake/flow. In normally perfused myocardial regions there was an inverse relationship between 82Rb extraction and blood flow [extraction = -0.56 (In flow) + 0.46, r = 0.93] over a range of flow from 0.3 to 4 ml/min/g. During the prolonged recovery of 82Rb uptake in the transiently ischemic region, flow had returned to normal levels but 82Rb extraction at a given value of flow was significantly decreased at the 30 and 60-80 min times after release of the occlusion compared with normally perfused regions. Thus, prolonged abnormalities in the 82Rb uptake and extraction occur in myocardium recovering from transient ischemia.

Animals↗