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Biomedical subjects

R A Serov

Publications and source records attributed to R A Serov.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Use of human VEGF(165) gene for therapeutic angiogenesis in coronary patients: first results.

The paper presents the first results of therapeutic angiogenesis in clinical cardiosurgery: human VEGF(165) gene transplantation to coronary patients. The use of this therapeutic method is particularly effective in patients with inoperable cardiovascular injuries, i.e. patients with the most severe condition, in whom treatment remains little effective at the modern level of cardiosurgery development.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[A new view of anatomic substrate, electrophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation, and results of interventional treatment].

Literature data on anatomic and electrophysiological properties of pulmonary veins (PVs) are very scarce. The study included an investigation of 20 human autopsy hearts with and without cardiovascular pathology. In addition, biopsy samples from the right superior PV were taken from 5 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) for ultrastructural study. The investigation found myocardial sleeves (MS) in 86.3% of cases, an additional PV between right PVs--in 15%, a collector type of superior and inferior PV--in 25% of cases. MS were situated on the adventitial side of PVs; along the whole length of the PVs the MS myocyte fascicles ran in different directions. Local changes, such as productive myocarditis, fibrosis and fibro-lipomatosis, were observed in MS of PV of patients with AF. 106 patients (80 of whom were male; middle age 42.9 +/- 12.5 years) with symptomatic AF underwent clinical examination. Electrophysiological features of the PVs were evaluated in 30 patients. Effective and functional refractory periods of PVs were found to be shorter than those of the left atrium and non-arrhythmogenic PVs. Radiofrequency ablation (RA) with application of electrophysiological criteria proved to be effective in all patients with frequent ectopy from PVs. The use of electroanatomical mapping allowed successful RA in 82% of patients with persistent and chronic AF. The study demonstrates that the changes in MS of PV, discovered by means of light and electron microscopy, as well as their complex three-dimensional morphological structure may cause and maintain AF. Very distinct electrophysiological features, found in AF patients, probably play a major role in arrhythmogenicity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Smooth muscle cell apoptosis in aneurysmal aortic lesion in the light of surgical treatment results].

Aortic aneurysm is a polyethiologic disease associated with high disability and perioperative mortality rate. The evolution of ethiopathogenesis of aortic aneurysm development is considered in the article. The findings of recent worldwide studies on immune status impact on the disease progress and the postoperative period are presented. All studies showed that 25% of patients had immune status disturbances accompanied by changes in the hemostasis system and high apoptosis index in blood serum and aneurysm tissue. Variants of clinical course of different aortic aneurysm forms and perioperative managements of patients aimed at prevention of possible complications are highlighted.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Morphological changes in femoral vein wall structure in presence of persistent vertical reflux].

The article contains an analysis of different mechanisms of persistent chronic venous insufficiency formation and its impact on the condition of lower extremity magistral vein wall. The authors studied autopsy samples of femoral vein segments from 86 patients aged 56 to 64 years, who had died of non-cardiovascular diseases. The investigation revealed significant changes in the vein wall structure, associated with persistent overload caused by valvular insufficiency and continuous persistent vertical reflux. At the same time, valve cusp structure remodels. Histological studies show that the overload of the system of deep femoral vein segment primarily increases the bulk of longitudinal smooth muscle cells, which fulfill the main contractile function in contrast to circular smooth muscle cells, performing the tonic function. Further overload of all vein wall structures results in structural alterations, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy, forming of longitudinal smooth muscle cell fascicle, and finally, their dystrophic changes. These processes bring about clinical presentations of chronic venous insufficiency.

Cadaver↗
PubMed2004

[Morphofunctional changes in the small intestine in patients with chronic cardiac failure].

AIM: To study morphological alterations in small intestinal wall in patients with chronic cardiac failure (CCF) of various severity and their relations with functional condition of the small intestine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 63 patients (mean age 58.7 years) entered an open cohort study. By CCF and body mass index (BMI) the patients were divided into 4 groups. Estimation of ejection fraction (EF), BMI and lean body mass (LBM) was made in all the patients as well as functional intestinal activity was assessed by fat excretion and fecal protein. Small intestinal biopsies were made endoscopically for collagen quantitation. RESULTS: A rise in collagen content in the small intestine correlated with severity of CCF. In patients free of CCF relative area of collagen averaged 12.8%, in CCF FC I-II--16.5%, in CCF FC III-IV with cachexia--32.4%. Greater fibrosis of the small intestine corresponded to greater malabsorption. A 3-fold increase in collagen area led to a 2-3-fold growth in protein and fat loss with feces. In CCF, LBM was subnormal while body mass reduction correlated with relative collagen area. CONCLUSION: Morphofunctional changes of the small intestine developing in parallel with CCF severity lead to a significant loss in basic nutrients, regression of LBM and development of protein-energy insufficiency in patients with CCF.

Cardiac Output, Low↗
PubMed2004

[Apoptosis and necrosis: interrelation of the phenomena].

Cell death types in the multicellular organism may be divided into two groups: (1) natural cell death--programmed, or apoptotic cell death, which involves the activity of regulatory factors including genetic mechanisms, and (2) occasional (pathologic) death, encompassing numerous types of death that result from the severe cell injuries, caused by damaging factors and which are incompatible with cell life. It is suggested that the term "necrosis" should be applied to describe the process of cell destruction and fragmentation within the living organism, following any type of its death. For the cells, that have died by the mechanism of apoptosis, the period of necrosis is usually short and seems to correspond to the duration of apoptotic body existence. In some cases, specific apoptotic bodies may persist for a longer intervals, performing important functions in the organism (epidermal cornified scales, platelets etc.).

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Loss of the myofibrils as the manifestation of relative dedifferentiation of hypertrophied cardiomyocytes].

The material of intraoperational biopsies of right ventricle obtained from 54 patients aged 9-40 years with Fallot's tetrad was studied to analyze the changes of cardiomyocyte (CMC) ultrastructure and dimensions in the process of their hypertrophy. The results of the present investigation and the analysis of the literature indicate, that CMC ultrastructural remodeling in course of their hypertrophy follows the pattern of progressive dedefferentiation. Therefore, the loss of the myofibrils at the advanced stages of hypertrophy is not the manifestation of CMC degeneration, but is the result of their relative dedifferentiation. Relative dedifferentiation combines the processes of remodeling of hypertrophied CMC and CMC in a state of chronic hibernation. CMC dedifferentiation in the course of these processes may have a common nature and may reflect the variants of a single general biological phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Comparative assessment of hepatic Glisson's capsule and bovine pericardium in heart valve bioprostheses.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The optimal material for heart valve bioprostheses remains disputable. This investigation was initiated to compare the properties of hepatic Glisson's capsule, clinical experience of which in cardiovascular surgery is minimal, with those of bovine pericardium. METHODS: Hepatic Glisson's capsule was harvested from bull calves and used to create composite pulmonary arterial monocusp grafts and bioprostheses. Comparison of the strength and elastic properties of Glisson's capsule and bovine pericardium, as well as the hydrodynamic characteristics of valves made from these materials, was performed. Late results of operations using these materials were estimated echocardiographically. RESULTS: Although Glisson's capsule tissue is thinner than the bovine pericardium, its elasticity modulus is greater. However, the hydrodynamic characteristics of heart valves made from either tissue are similar. Moreover, valves made from Glisson's capsule have a lower systolic pressure gradient on the prosthesis and a higher effective orifice area. Composite pulmonary arterial xenopericardial grafts with a monocusp of Glisson's capsule were used in 30 patients during tetralogy of Fallot repair. Glisson's capsule was also used for tricuspid valve reconstruction and as a bioprosthesis in six patients with Ebstein's anomaly. At 1-2 years after surgery, the Glisson's capsule tissue remained thin and flexible, with no calcification. CONCLUSIONS: Although the hydrodynamic properties of hepatic Glisson's capsule and the bovine pericardium are similar, the capsule tissue is thinner and has a greater elasticity modulos. Thus, Glisson's capsule may be used for bioprosthesis construction both independently and in combination with bovine pericardium.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The causes of cerebral complications in patients with ischemic heart disease following myocardial revascularization operations].

In the period from Jan. 1988 to Jan. 1991 operations for the formation of an aortocoronary shunt were carried out in 437 patients at the Department of Combined Affections of the Coronary and Peripheral Arteries, Bakulev Research Institute. In some cases the operation was combined with resection of a postinfarction aneurysm of the left ventricle. Cerebral complications developed in the postoperative period in 28 (6.4%) patients. Their analysis showed the prevalence of severe forms of consciousness disturbances: coma and comatose states were encountered in 85.7% of cases. The main causes of the complications were acute heart failure (64.3%) and arterial embolism (14.3%). In only one case concomitant affection of the branches of the aortic arch was found to be the main cause of the development of a transitory ischemic attack. It is concluded that the development of acute heart failure in the patients may sharply increase the incidence of neurologic complications.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1991

[Alterations of the myocardium and adrenergic nerves of the isolated rat heart under conditions of total ischemia and normothermic cardioplegic reperfusion].

The increase of the ischemic period from 30 to 60 min did not enhance the degree of the contractural myocardial damage in connection with progression of "no reflow" phenomenon. Endogenous catecholamines do not play a decisive role in genesis of ischemic (reperfusion) heart damage. Cardioplegic reperfusion with a high K+ content results in a considerable loss of mediator from the adrenergic nerve fibres thus leading to the partial isolated heart desympathization.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Reaction of the sympathetic-adrenal medulla system in young rats of different age to subcutaneous administration of a cardiotoxic dose of noradrenaline].

A quantitative histo-fluorescent investigation of the adrenal medulla and cardiac sympathetic nerves in young rats of various age has demonstrated a high degree in development of the adrenal medulla and a low density in arrangement of fluorescent nervous terminals in the ventricular myocardium in 3-week-old rats. During this period the animals show a low sensitivity to the catecholamine stress. At the age of 1.5 months the development of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system reaches the level specific for a mature animal; sensitivity to the norepinephrine stress increases noticeably, manifesting as a sharp activation of catecholamines secretion by the adrenal medulla and a high lethality.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1991

[Changes in the sympathetic-adrenal system during stress in rats with high and low resistance to acute hypoxia].

Quantitative luminescent microscopy was used to examine the sympathetic system of cardiac ventricles (SSCV) and the adrenal medulla (AM) of adult Wistar male rats high-resistant (HRH) and low-resistant (LRH) to acute hypoxia and exposed norepinephrine (NE) stress. The relative area of fluorescence adrenergic terminals (RAFAT) of the ventricles and AM catecholamine levels (CL) were shown to be equal in control HRH and LRH rats. The LRH rats displayed a two-phase SSCV response in the first 6 hours of NE stress. Their RAFAT rose an hour later and their RAFAT in the basal zone of the left ventricle insignificantly exceeded that of HRH rats, RAFAT in the latter being unchanged by that time. At hour 6, the heart RAFAT decreased as compared to 1-hour and control levels in LRH and HRH rats and became equal in the two groups. The AM CL in LRH and HRH rats remained unaltered within the whole period of the examination. Despite the profound differences in the resistance of HRH and LRH rats to hypoxia, the responsiveness of their sympathoadrenal system (SAS) to stress is rather homogeneous. With stress, the sympathetic link of SAS is more labile than the adrenal one.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Role of non-coronarogenic injuries of the myocardium in sudden death at various stages of postnatal ontogenesis].

The study was performed on white inbred young (1 and 3 weeks old), sexually immature (1.5 months old), sexually mature (6 months old) and old (over 24 months old) male rats, who were subcutaneously administered noradrenaline at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. The degree of myocardial injury was assessed on frontal histotopographic heart sections stained by the method of Leigh and Regaud, obtained from dead and killed rats 6 hours after noradrenaline injection. The reaction of the adrenal cortical substance was investigated, using quantitative histofluorescent method. It has been shown that young rats have low sensitivity to catecholamine stress, with the sensitivity increasing by the period of sexual maturation and again decreasing in old animals. The animals' death is associated with higher degree of myocardial injury that accompanies a drastic increase in catecholamine secretion by the adrenals.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

[The adrenal medulla and adrenergic innervation of the ventricles of the heart during the postnatal period of ontogenesis of the white rat (histofluorescent study)].

The sympathetic innervation of the cardiac ventricles and dynamics of catecholamine contents in the adrenal medulla have been investigated in inbred white rats (1-3-week-old, immature, mature and old animals). During 1-3 weeks of age, development of adrenergic innervation of the heart is observed, in 1.5-month-old rats in approaches that in mature animals. In the old rats the arrangement density and fluorescent intensity of the adrenergic terminals of the cardiac ventricles in comparison to those in the mature animals decreases considerably. Catecholamine contents in the adrenal medulla in 3-week-old rats practically reaches those specific for mature animals. In the old animals the amount of catecholamines in the adrenal medulla decreases by 20%, comparing to those in the mature animals. Thus, maturation of the mediator link of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system is performed in it later than the hormonal one, while processes of old age involution are more intensive.

Adrenal Medulla↗
PubMed1985

[Prostaglandin and cyclic nucleotide content of the ventricular myocardium in noradrenaline damage to the heart].

The effect of intraperitoneal noradrenaline injection (2.5 mg/kg body weight) on myocardial levels of cAMP, cHMP, PGE and PGF2 alpha of the left and right ventricles was examined in male Wistar rats. The findings were compared with morphologic changes in the myocardium and sympathetic nerves of both ventricles. Cyclic nucleotides and PGs were measured by RIA, sympathetic nerves, by a fluorescent histochemical technique; myocardial lesions were demonstrated by Lie-staining. A sharp drop was noted in cAMP and PG levels at early stages of the experiment followed by a gradual return to control values. The decrease in cAMP was less marked, and more transient, in the right ventricle. These changes were accompanied with a more pronounced damage to the left ventricle, perhaps due to differences in adrenergic innervation as well as cyclic nucleotides and PG metabolism in the examined compartments of the heart.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Is the damaging action of catecholamines on the myocardium realized via hyperstimulation of the beta receptors?].

Experiments on an isolated rat heart were made to compare the damaging action on the myocardium of catecholamines (noradrenaline, adrenaline and isoproterenol) differing in the affinity for beta-receptors. The damage to myocardial cells was evaluated from the release into the perfusate of intracellular enzymes (creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and the number of contracture damaged myocytes. Noradrenaline exerted the most powerful damaging action on the myocardium at a concentration of 10(-6) M. Perfusion of the heart with isoproterenol at concentrations of 10(-6) M and 10(-5) M did not lead to the affection of cardiomyocytes. It was isoproterenol concentration exceeding noradrenaline concentration 100 times that produced an increase in the rate of the release of the enzymes to the perfusate and a rise of the number of contractures in the myocardium, with the above increase being less than that provoked by adrenaline and noradrenaline (10(-6) M). It is concluded that the mechanism of the cardiotoxic effect of catecholamines cannot be reduced only to their effect on myocardial beta-receptors.

Animals↗