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Biomedical subjects

R A Rosenberg

Publications and source records attributed to R A Rosenberg.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1987

Alterations in [3H]desmethylimipramine binding in the aged rat brain: an in vitro autoradiographic demonstration.

Using in vitro autoradiographic receptor binding, the present report provides a descriptive analysis of [3H]desmethylimipramine ([3H]DMI) binding in the aged rat brain. Small circular patches of intense [3H]DMI binding were present within the caudate nucleus in every aged brain examined. Occasionally, similar patches of label were present in restricted cortical regions of aged brains. Comparable patches of [3H]DMI binding were never observed in young brains used in these investigations. Additional evidence suggests that these age-dependent changes in [3H]DMI binding are anatomically restricted to the loci indicated above.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

An evaluation of spatial information processing in aged rats.

The spatial learning abilities of young, middle-age, and senescent rats were investigated in two experiments using several versions of the Morris water maze task. In Experiment 1, Long-Evans hooded rats were trained to find a submerged escape platform hidden within the water maze. During this phase of testing, aged rats exhibited acquisition deficits compared with either young or middle-age subjects. With continued training, however, all age groups eventually achieved comparable asymptotic levels of performance. Subsequent testing in Experiment 1 revealed that following original training, aged rats were not impaired in learning a novel escape location or in their ability to locate a visible, cued escape platform. In an attempt to identify the basis of the age-related impairments observed in Experiment 1, naive young and aged rats in Experiment 2 were initially tested for their ability to locate a cued escape platform in the water maze. During this phase of testing, the escape latencies of both young and aged rats rapidly decreased to equivalent asymptotic levels. Subsequent analyses revealed that following cue training, young subjects exhibit a significant spatial bias for the region of the testing apparatus where the platform was positioned during training. In contrast, aged rats showed no spatial bias. Training was continued in Experiment 2 using a novel submerged platform location for each subject. During these place training trials, the escape latencies of senescent rats were longer than those of young subjects. These impairments were also accompanied by a lack of spatial bias among aged rats relative to young control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Long-term hearing preservation after acoustic neuroma surgery.

The past two decades have evidenced a remarkable improvement in the capacity of otologic surgeons to treat cerebellopontine angle tumors. Advances in instrumentation because of technologic changes, coupled with better surgical training, have contributed to a highly successful rate of tumor removal. The capability to extirpate the tumor now permits the otologic surgeon to attempt simultaneous preservation of the facial and cochlear nerve functions. Just as middle ear surgery improved to the point in the 1950s that reconstruction as well as disease eradication became possible, so can surgeons now consider preservation of function of the inner ear. It is now technically feasible--in some instances--to attempt to preserve hearing in tumors of the eighth nerve. Several studies have provided evidence that the cochlear nerve can be anatomically and functionally preserved when neuromas involve either the inferior or superior vestibular nerves. However, other studies assert that grossly intact nerves may contain microscopic islands of tumor cells intermingled with nerve fibers. If viable tumor cells were allowed to remain behind, one would expect them to grow; this would result in loss of hearing function and tumor recurrence, as evidenced by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This article will discuss the issues of cochlear nerve preservation and tumor excision, and review our experience over the past decade.

Cerebellar Neoplasms↗
PubMed1986

Cholesteatoma vs. cholesterol granuloma of the petrous apex.

Lesions involving the petrous apex are rarely encountered in clinical practice. This directly affects the ability of the otolaryngologist to diagnose and effectively treat these lesions. Greater physician awareness and increased technologic capability are leading to more effective management of pathologic conditions involving this area of the temporal bone.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Update on AIDS.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

Role of noradrenergic function in the opiate antagonist facilitation of spatial memory.

Animals previously trained to criterion on an eight-arm radial maze task received either bilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DNB) or control surgery. Following a 3-week recovery period, the animals were trained on the same radial maze in two novel environments. By a within-subjects design, in one of these environments animals received posttraining systemic treatment with the opiate antagonist naloxone; in the other novel environment, they received vehicle injection. In animals that received control surgery, opiate antagonist treatment produced a reliable enhancement of performance. Although the DNB-lesion animals did not differ from the control-surgery animals under the saline treatment condition, denervation of forebrain norepinephrine (NE) was found to prevent the memory enhancing effect of posttraining naloxone administration. These results provide further support that enhanced retention obtained with opiate antagonist administration is dependent upon intact NE function.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Head and neck presentations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Since December 1980, over 3000 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported. The charts of 102 patients admitted to the New York University Medical Center with a diagnosis of AIDS were reviewed with particular emphasis on presenting signs, symptoms, and laboratory values. Symptoms tended to be nonspecific and most often resembled those of an upper respiratory infection. Over 71% of the patients presented with at least two of the following four signs: diffuse adenopathy, oral and facial lesions consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma, white oral lesions, and anergy. Laboratory findings included leukopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 26%. The current status of our knowledge concerning AIDS is reviewed and discussed. The frequency and types of presenting signs and symptoms in the head and neck are reported to alert the otolaryngologic community to this entity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1984

Characterization of sequential immune complexes in infective endocarditis by Western blot analysis.

A patient with cutaneous vasculitis during infective endocarditis due to Lactobacillus casei was studied. Immune complexes (IC) were isolated from serum at the time of diagnosis and after 4 wk of therapy. Purification of IC used differential polyethylene glycol precipitation and competitive binding to staphylococcal protein A. In situ radioiodination of IC was performed, followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Anti-IC antisera were raised in rabbits by immunization with purified IC. IC were characterized by SDS-PAGE followed by electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose, incubation with antiserum and then with 125I protein A, and autoradiography. Although early and late IC differed quantitatively, there were no differentiating immunochemical features. Both IC contained a 60,000 dalton component that did not react with preimmune serum nor with anti-normal human serum. This component reacted with antiserum rendered specific for L. casei by affinity chromatography. The restricted antigen-antibody representation in IC contrasted with a wider panel of antibody activity in patient serum. The Western blot analysis proves to be an ideal method for the characterization of IC because of its sensitivity, dissociative capability, and preservation of immunoreactivity. IC isolated at a time removed from the original antigenic challenge may provide insight into the nature of the inciting antigen.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Head and neck presentations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Since December 1980, over 2,000 cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have been reported. The charts of 72 patients admitted to the New York University Medical Center with a diagnosis of AIDS were reviewed with particular emphasis on presenting signs, symptoms and laboratory values. Symptoms tended to be non-specific and most often resembled an upper respiratory infection. Over 95% of the patients presented with either diffuse adenopathy, oral or facial lesions consistent with Kaposi's sarcoma, white oral lesions, or anergy. Laboratory findings included leukopenia, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thrombocytopenia and anemia. The in-hospital mortality rate was 26%. The current status of our knowledge concerning AIDS is reviewed and discussed. The frequency and types of presenting signs and symptoms in the head and neck are reported in order to alert the otolaryngologic community to this entity.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

Preparation and properties of biologically active radioiodinated parathyroid hormone.

A constant-current microelectrolytic radioiodination method was used to label bovine parathyroid hormone (BPTH) with 125I to an overall iodination ratio of 1:1 iodide atoms per PTH molecule. Such iodinated preparations were shown to be fully active in several bioassay systems: in vitro adenylate cyclase activation in rat renal and skeletal membranes, in vitro calcium release from rat calvaria, and the in vivo hypercalcemic response in chickens. Analysis by Sephadex G-15 chromatography after enzymatic digestion showed the radioiodine to be incorporated predominantly as monoiodotyrosine. Bioassay of iodinated preparations from which uniodinated hormone had been removed by isoelectric focusing showed essentially full hormonal activity. Such methods can be used to consistently produce radioiodinated biologically active preparations of BPTH 1-84 with high specific activity (2000 Ci/mmol).

Adenylyl Cyclases↗
PubMed1982

Sound as a reinforcer for infants' manipulations of toys.

We investigated the effectiveness of sound as a reinforcer of manipulative responses by infants. Fifty subjects, 4-12 months of age, were presented five different toys: (a) a barbell rattle; (b) a rattle shaped in the form of a whale; (c) a bracelet with bells; (d) a rubber pig that squeaked when squeezed; and (e) a drum that resonated when struck. The noise-making component of another set of identical toys was either removed or modified so that shaking the toy or striking it resulted in either no sound or a sharply attenuated one. Toys were presented singly for two minutes. Two observers, each equipped with a microswitch, recorded manipulations of each toy. The data were registered on magnetic tape and later displayed graphically. Noisy toys were manipulated significantly more frequent than quiet ones with infants from 6 to 10 months old. They were relatively more responsive to noisy toys than were our younger and older subjects. Since infants show a strong proclivity to make sounds, a reasonable assumption is that this propensity could be incorporated into a behavioral test for hearing. Simply stated, infants with profound hearing losses would not prefer noisy toys over quiet ones. Further research would be required for adapting the test situation to infants with more moderate hearing losses.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1979

A rapid double antibody non-equilibrium serum thyrotropin radioimmunnoassay suitable for primary neonatal hypothyroidism screening.

An improved double antibody radioimmunoassay for measuring human thyrotropin (h-TSH) in serum, suitable for neonatal primary hypothyroidism screening is described. The assay employs a non-equilibrium double antibody technique performed at an initial 37 degrees C followed by incubation at room temperature. Studies on the effects of various reaction parameters including time, temperature, antigen and antibody concentrations and the effect of various carrier proteins on the performance of standard curves were also performed. Using a 100-microliter serum sample for analysis, the assay sensitivity is routinely between 3 and 6 microU/mol of h-TSH (MRC 68/38) with interassay and intra-assay coefficient of variation values ranging from 6 to 14% over a wide range of control values. The incubation and phase separation is completed after 26 h with data available following automated counting and computation. Such a rapid assay facilitates a neonatal screening program for the early detection and treatment of primary neonatal hypothyroidism using either cord blood serum or early follow-up serum sampling in infants suspected on initial screening tests of an abnormality.

Cold Temperature↗
PubMed1979

Results of a regional cord blood screening programme for detecting neonatal hypothyroidism.

Our regional cord blood screening programme for detecting neonatal hypothyroidism using initial cord blood thyroxine (T4) determinations, with supplemental thyrotropin (TSH), and triiodothyronine resin uptake (T3U) measurements, gave an incidence of thyroid abnormalities of 1/3000 births, with 1/5000 infants having severe primary hypothyroidism. No hypothyroid infant detected in the programme had been suspected clinically before the screening and, in retrospect, only a few babies had any signs of hypothyroidism. Supplemental TSH and T3U determinations were required on 8-12% of the population screened initially with a T4 test to avoid missing affected cases. With an initial T4 and supplementary TSH and T3U testing on cord blood serum, recalls to exclude primary hypothyroidism were reduced to 0.16% of the screened population. The incidence of abnormalities detected in this cord blood screening programme was comparable with that reported by others using neonatal dried blood screening methods, indicating that cord blood screening can be effective provided the appropriate recall criteria and transport conditions are used. Nevertheless, for several practical reasons, neonatal dried blood methods are recommended as the screening test of choice for surveying large populations over extensive geographical areas.

Female↗
PubMed1978

A double-blind trial of transfer factor vs placebo in multiple sclerosis patients.

A double-blind trial of the effect of transfer factor on multiple sclerosis patients was carried out. In a series of fifty-six multiple sclerosis patients treated with monthly injections of either transfer factor or placebo for 1 year, no beneficial effect of transfer factor was noted. In addition, none of the immunological and serological parameters studied (measles migration inhibition, measles HI titre or CSF immunoglobulin) changed as a result of transfer factor therapy. Histocompatibility typing and CSF IgG/TP ratios were correlated with the disease activity. Of interest was the finding that the presence of the DW2 antigen, when unassociated with HLA-B7 antigen, appeared to correlate with the mildest form of disease activity.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cervical abscess caused by Salmonella infection.

A 69-year-old man had an abscess in the neck caused by Salmonella hador (enteritidis) infection. Salmonella infection of the head and neck are rare, and often occur in association with Salmonella infection in other parts of the body. The patient described may have had seeding to the neck from previous gastrointestinal infection. Treatment by drainage of the abscess and oral administration of ampicillin was successful. To the authors' knowledge, this is the sixth case of pure Salmonella infection of the head and neck reported in the world literature.

Abscess↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunogenetic studies of multiple sclerosis patients in Caithness County, Scotland.

The present report indicates that there is an increased frequency of HLA-B7 in multiple sclerosis patients compared to unrelated controls and unaffected siblings. HLA-A3 was not significantly increased. The increased frequency of certain HLA antigens was not reflected in increased titres of serum measles antibodies in this group. In contrast to our previous studies, there were only minimal differences in the cellular response to measles antigen in multiple sclerosis patients as compared to siblings and unrelated controls.

Adult↗