Credibility of patients in psychiatric research.
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Adolescent↗
Biomedical subjects
R A Powell
Publications and source records attributed to R A Powell.
Physiological and behavioral effects of guthion on pine voles, Microtus pinetorum.
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Acetylcholinesterase↗
Determinants of choice for pigeons and humans on concurrent-chains schedules of reinforcement.
Concurrent-chains schedules of reinforcement were arranged for humans and pigeons. Responses of humans were reinforced with tokens exchangeable for money, and key pecks of 4 birds were reinforced with food. Variable-interval 30-s and 40-s schedules operated in the terminal links of the chains. Condition 1 exposed subjects to variable-interval 90-s and variable-interval 30-s initial links, respectively. Conditions 2 and 3 arranged equal initial-link schedules of 40 s or 120 s. Experimental conditions tested the descriptive adequacy of five equations: reinforcement density, delay reduction, modified delay reduction, matching and maximization. Results based on choice proportions and switch rates during the initial links showed that pigeons behaved in accord with delay-reduction models, whereas humans maximized overall rate of reinforcement. As discussed by Logue and associates in self-control research, different types of reinforcement may affect sensitivity to delay differentially. Pigeons' responses were reinforced with food, a reinforcer that is consumable upon presentation. Humans' responses were reinforced with money, a reinforcer exchanged for consumable reinforcers after it was earned. Reinforcers that are immediately consumed may generate high sensitivity to delay and behavior described as delay reduction. Reinforces with longer times to consumption may generate low sensitivity to delay and behavior that maximizes overall payoff.
Animals↗
The 'dream-lag' effect: a 6-day temporal delay in dream content incorporation.
The temporal relationship between daily events and their incorporation into dreams was studied. In two experiments, a 6-day delay between event occurrence and dream incorporation was found. Moreover, variations in incorporation across a 7-day-period were found to follow a sinusoidal pattern. These results implicate dream incorporation in the learning consolidation functions of REM sleep.
Dreams↗
The impact of a declining pool of applicants on dental education.
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Adolescent↗
A voice-enabled, structured medical reporting system.
Kurzweil Applied Intelligence received a research grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Advanced Technology Program to develop a prototype voice-enabled, structured medical reporting system. In typical usage, the physician dictates to the system, which then uses automatic speech recognition and medical knowledge bases to produce a structured report. This report can then be formatted and viewed on a computer screen, stored in databases of patient information, transmitted to other systems, used to support outcome studies, or viewed on a Web browser. The output reports are structured according to two standard, platform-independent formats: SGML and CORBA. These formats represent the data in a way that can be read by both computers and humans, and efficiently communicated to a wide range of databases and communications protocols.
Information Storage and Retrieval↗