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Biomedical subjects

R A Morrison

Publications and source records attributed to R A Morrison.

42 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Current methodologies used for evaluation of intestinal permeability and absorption.

This review article will focus on the various techniques that are currently employed by drug discovery scientists in evaluating permeability/absorption of drug candidates during the drug candidate selection process. Various preclinical methodologies are available; each having advantages and disadvantages, but it is the judicious use of these techniques that can help identify drug candidates that will be well absorbed in humans. It is well recognized that the human intestinal permeability cannot be accurately predicted based on a single methodology (in vitro: tissue/cell culture, in situ, or in vivo).

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early identification of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder by nurse clinicians.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), generally agreed to be a discrete and insidious psychopathologic entity, commonly develops in victims of extreme trauma. It is known that some trauma victims recover quickly and naturally in the acute phase of the disorder while others develop a debilitating and life-threatening chronic phase. Early detection and treatment can enhance opportunities for recovery by preventing development of the chronic phase, but posttrauma identification of patients who may be vulnerable to the development of chronic PTSD is clinically difficult. However, there is evidence for the existence of predisposing factors that may predict susceptibility to chronic PTSD. Nurse clinicians may be in the best position to identify potential victims of chronic PTSD and make referrals for appropriate psychiatric evaluation and treatment.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Relative contribution of the gut, liver, and lung to the first-pass hydrolysis (bioactivation) of orally administered 14C-fosinopril sodium in dogs. In vivo and in vitro studies.

The relative contribution of the gut, liver, and lung to the first-pass hydrolysis (bioactivation) of the orally administered prodrug, fosinopril sodium (FS), to the active angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, SQ 27,519 (S), was determined. Two dogs each received 14C-FS by the following routes of administration: oral, intraportal, and intra-arterial. Extraction ratios (E) for the gut and liver were calculated based on the relative ratios of the AUC of FS in arterial plasma after administration of FS by various routes. The high intrinsic capability of the gut and liver to hydrolyze FS was reflected by E values which ranged from 69 to 91%. Since the gut is the first site after an oral dose, its contribution to the overall first-pass hydrolysis (greater than 75% of the absorbed dose) was estimated to be significantly greater than that of the liver (less than 25% of the absorbed dose). Concentrations of FS were similar in central arterial and venous plasma after a steady state arterial infusion of 14C-FS, indicating that the lung is apparently not a site of prodrug hydrolysis. This conclusion was consistent with the results of in vitro studies that indicated the following order of esterase activity: liver = kidney much greater than small intestine greater than blood, aorta, and lung. When data from in vitro studies were extrapolated to the in vivo situation, the blood itself was not a significant site for hydrolysis of FS in dogs. Based on the body clearance of FS (approximately 30 ml/min/kg) estimated after the intra-arterial route, roughly 50% of the systemic hydrolysis of the prodrug appears to occur at extrahepatic site(s), such as the kidney.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pain management in the child with sickle cell disease.

Vaso-occlusive crisis is the most common complication of sickle cell disease. Ongoing education, appropriate assessment, and adequate analgesia will provide effective relief for the child in pain.

Adolescent↗