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Biomedical subjects

R A Moore

Publications and source records attributed to R A Moore.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Hyperlipidaemia following renal transplantation. A study of the prevalence, 'natural history' and dietary treatment.

In a study of 70 renal transplant patients, the prevalence of hyperlipidaemia eight to 28 months following transplantation was found to be 59 per cent. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were normal but low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels were significantly elevated compared with controls. Lipid levels, measured before and sequentially after transplantation for 22 months in 10 patients were elevated over the first six to 10 months. Thereafter the lipid values returned to normal in most patients. This change coincided with the attainment of maintenance steroid dosage (usually prednisolone 10 mg. daily; mean 12.5 mg). A diet designed to decrease cholesterol and increase polyunsaturated fat intake, resulted in a significant reduction of serum cholesterol levels but not of triglyceride values over a four week period. The results suggest that the hyperlipidaemia in the initial months after transplantation may well be related to the high dose steroid therapy during this period, and the levels of lipid return to normal once low dose maintenance therapy is attained. Lipid profiles and levels in the first eight to 12 months are variable and should not form the basis for therapy or assessment. Dietary modification alone is unlikely to be an effective form of treatment of severe hyperlipidaemia in these patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Ethics in the practice of psychiatry--origins, functions, models, and enforcement.

The author points out that psychiatric ethics are coming under increasing critical scrutiny by psychiatrists and by those outside of the profession. On the basis of an examination of APA Ethics Committee records, he concludes that criticism of psychiatry's inability to police itself might have some merit but cautions that the critics might be expecting too much from a code of ethics, which has the job of sensitizing psychiatrists to an ethical way of professional life and helping sort out ethical conflicts. After outlining a number of the problems in the self-policing aspect of ethics, the author makes suggestions for their resolution.

Codes of Ethics↗
PubMed1977

Consultations in internal medicine: a training program resource.

At the Milton S. Hershey Medical Center of the Pennsylvania State University an internal medicine consulting resident sees all medical consultation requests not directed to a specific subspecialty division. An audit of a nine-month experience on the consult service was compared with that of a general medicine ward service. The audit revealed that consulting residents were exposed to a quantitatively and qualitatively different spectrum of medical problems than were found on the ward service. The interdisciplinary aspects of the experience expand the consulting internist's fund of knowledge and complement outpatient exposure to other specialties, such as surgery and obstetrics-gynecology. Chief medical residents at 36 university medical centers were surveyed regarding the nature of the internal medicine consultation programs in their institutions. The survey indicated that half the programs were service oriented rather than educational and were not felt to be of profit to the medicine residents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Triglyceride fatty acids confirm a change in dietary fat.

The pattern of triglyceride fatty acids has been shown to alter rapidly when normalipaemic individuals eating a normal 'western' diet rich in saturated fats were changed to a diet low in cholesterol and high in polyunsaturated fats. The proportion of triglyceride linoleate was used to monitor the adherence to dietary advice of eleven primary hypercholesterolaemic patients (Type II) presenting to a lipid clinic. Patients adhering to diet showed a fall in serum cholesterol and a rise in triglyceride linoleate; recalcitrant patients showed little change. The estimation of triglyceride linoleate may be an important adjunct to clinical judgement in assessing dietary resistance before resource to drug therapy in hypercholesterolaemic patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Ten years of inpatient programs for alcoholic patients.

The author reviews the progress made during the past decade in making acute hospital facilities available to the alcoholic patient. He also describes the advances that have been made in the level of care provided by increasingly available detoxification centers. However, he finds that the needs of chronically and permanently disabled alcoholic individuals are still not being met by the mental health system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

A comparison of thalidomide and pentobarbital - new methods for identifying novel hypnotic drugs.

We have compared the sleep-producing effects of thalidomide and pentobarbital. In a dose range that did not produce ataxia, thalidomide increased slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep in cats (2-8 mg/kg p.o.) and rats (16 mg/kg p.o.). Pentobarbital had hypnotic activity in the same dose range but produced ataxia also at these doses. Thalidomide reduced spontaneous activity of both mice and rats. This occurred over a dose range of 8 to 1000 mg/kg p.o., but plateaued at a level of activity well above the complete inactivity of anesthesia that occurred with pentobarbital at well above the complete inactivity of anesthesia that occurred with pentobarbital at doses (greater than or equal to 32 mg/kg p.o.) above the hypnotic range. Several simple screens for thalidomide-like activity have been described which, together, could facilitate the search for thalidomide-like hypnotics. Pentobarbital, at doses 3 to 10 times the hypnotic range, prevented audiogenic seizures in physically dependent rats withdrawn from sodium barbital but thalidomide did not substitute for barbiturates even at doses 30 times those that increased sleep. Thalidomide, but not pentobarbital, enhanced the sleep-producing effect of electrical stimulation of basal forebrain in cats. The latter two findings suggest that thalidomide probably has a mechanism of action different from that of pentobarbital and that this may involve the activation of a sleep center in the forebrain.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Prolonged effects of p-chlorophenylalanine on the blood pressure of conscious normotensive and DOCA/saline hypertensive rats.

1. In deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) saline hypertensive rats a single dose of p-chlorophenylalanine methylester (PCPAME) (400 mg/kg i.p.) produced a significant fall in blood pressure (20-43 mmHg) which lasted for at least 8 days and was accompanied by a parallel depletion of brain stem 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-ht) but not of noradrenaline (NA). 2. In normotensive rats single doses of PCPAME (200 and 400 mg/kg i.p.) produced a significant hypotension (15-20 mmHg) after a latent period of 5 days. An initial pressor response (12 mmHg) was observed at the higher dose level only on day 3. 3. The hypotensive response to PCPAME (200 mg/kg i.p.) in normotensive rats was not modified by pretreatment with 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT; 50 mug i.c.v.) or 6-hydroxydopa (6-ohda; 3 X 250 mug intracerebroventricularly). 4. It is concluded that the hypotensive response to PCPAME in normotensive rats in independent of brain stem depletion of 5-HT and is probably not mediated by the formation of a false transmitter substance acting via central noradrenergic inhibitory pathways. The mechanism involved in the antihypertensive response to PCPAME in DOVA/saline hypertensive rats has yet to be defined.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Depression of REM sleep in cats by nisoxetine, a potential antidepressant drug.

Nisoxetine, a potent and specific inhibitor of norepinephrine uptake, suppressed REM sleep in cats. Oral doses as small as 0.1 mg/kg were effective during the first 2 1/2 hours of a recording session; 0.25 mg/kg, for 5 hours. The amount of slow wave sleep increased in cats that received 0.1-1.0 mg/kg of nisoxetine. These changes in sleep pattern resemble those reported after treatment with somewhat higher doses of tricylic antidepressants.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Role of toxigenic and invasive bacteria in acute diarrhea of childhood.

The cause of pediatric diarrhea in Brazil was investigated with use of assays for toxigenic and invasive bacteria. Potential etiologic agents were identified in 31 of 40 consecutive children with diarrhea: toxigenic Escherichia coli or klebsiella in 20 patients (50 per cent); invasive Esch, coli or salmonella in four (10 per cent), and both toxigenic and invasive organisms in seven (18 per cent). Fecal leukocytes were present in nine of the 11 patients (82 per cent) with invasive pathogens. All 27 patients with toxigenic isolates had organisms that produced heat-labile cholera-like toxin; three patients had Esch. coli that also produced a heat-stable toxin. Among 20 controls without diarrhea there were no organisms that produced heat-labile toxin or tissue invasion, but there was one Esch. coli that produced only heat-stable toxin and one salmonella. In this pediatric population Esch. coli appears to cause most acute diarrheas due to toxigenic and invasive pathogenic mechanisms.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

Palmitic acid and lecithin measurements in amniotic fluid.

A method is described for the rapid and quantitative estimation of total amniotic fluid palmitic acid. Palmitic acid and lecithin were measured in 140 samples of amniotic fluid in normal and abnormal pregnancy, and the correlation coefficient between the two parameters was 0.93. It is concluded that amniotic fluid palmitic acid measurements are of value in the prenatal determination of fetal pulmonary maturity.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1975

Evidence for a central alpha-sympathomimetic action of clonidine in the rat.

The antihypertensive effects of clonidine (0.15 mg kg-1, i.p.) were studied in conscious DOCA/saline hypertensive rats having chronically implanted arterial cannulae. The response to clonidine was markedly reduced by simultaneously administered desipramine (3 mg kg-1, i.p.), antagonized dose-dependently by piperoxan (2-10 mg kg-1, i.v.) and prevented by pretreatment with phentolamine (0.2 mg, i.c.v.). Pretreatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (3 x 250 mu-g, i.c.v.), haloperidol (1 mg kg-1, i.p.), p-chloro-N-methylamphetamine (3.5 mg kg-1, i.p.) or 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (50 mu-g and 25 mu-g, i.c.v.) did not significantly modify the antihypertensive response. It is concluded that the antihypertensive response to clonidine is mediated via stimulation of central alpha-adrenoceptors and is independent of central dopaminergic receptors and intact central serotoninergic neurons. The necessity for intact central noradrenergic neurons remains uncertain.

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists↗