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Biomedical subjects

R A McCormick

Publications and source records attributed to R A McCormick.

63 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1967

Climate modification by atmospheric aerosols.

Theoretical considerations and empirical evidence indicate that atmospheric turbidity, a function of aerosol loading, is an important factor in the heat balance of the earth-atmosphere system. Turbidity increase over the past few decades may be primarily responsible for the decrease in worldwide air temperatures since the 1940's.

Aerosols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Disinhibition and negative affectivity in substance abusers with and without a gambling problem.

A cohort of 2,171 substance abusers were assessed for their gambling behavior, and divided into three groups: those with no significant gambling problem (87%); those with a probable problem (7.2%); and those with a severe problem (5.8%). Substance abusers with a gambling problem scored significantly higher on measures of: impulsivity; disinhibition of aggressive/hostile responses; and negative affectivity. They also abused more substances than the nongamblers. The results underscore the importance of assessing a wide range of impulsive behaviors in substance abusers and the potential for subtyping substance abusers based on psychological traits.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Aggression and hostility in substance abusers: the relationship to abuse patterns, coping style, and relapse triggers.

A cohort of 3,367 substance abusers seeking treatment were administered measures of aggression and hostility including the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory and the NEO Personality Inventory Hostility Scale. Polysubstance abusers scored significantly higher on all measures of hostility and aggression, regardless of whether they abused cocaine or not. Subjects scoring higher on aggression and hostility utilized escape-avoidance, distancing, and confrontational coping styles more regularly. Subjects scoring higher on measures of aggression and hostility reported more situations that triggered their use of substances and less confidence that they could resist using when faced with such situations in the future. This was especially true for situations involving unpleasant internal states, situations involving rejection, and situations involving conflict with family and friends. The implications of these findings for clinical assessment and treatment planning are discussed.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of NEO-PI performance to coping styles, patterns of use, and triggers for use among substance abusers.

We investigated the construct validity of the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) with a clinical population of 2,676 substance abusers. Scores on the NEO-PI were correlated with self-reported measures of psychopathology as well as patterns of substance abuse, reported coping styles, relapse triggers, and relapse confidence. Substance abusers were more Neurotic and less Agreeable and Conscientious than were the NEO-PI nonclinical normative sample. Within subgroups of substance users, cocaine-only users were more Extroverted and Open than were alcohol-only users. Polysubstance users were the least Agreeable and Conscientious group. Alcohol-only users and polysubstance users scored higher on Neuroticism than did other groups. Personality dimensions related to reported coping styles in meaningful ways. For example, Neuroticism was highly related to escape avoidant coping (r = .53), Agreeableness was negatively related to confrontive coping (r = -.28), and Conscientiousness was related to problem solving (r = -.27) and negatively related to escape avoidance (r = -.29). Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extroversion were associated with reported triggers of use including negative emotional states, social rejection, and tension. Higher levels of Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, and Extroversion were associated with greater confidence in ability to refrain from use, whereas Neuroticism was associated with a corresponding lack of confidence in self-restraint.

Adaptation, Psychological↗