Moving beyond tinkering and toying: a systematic approach to nursing documentation revision.
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Documentation↗
Biomedical subjects
R A Jones
Publications and source records attributed to R A Jones.
Graduate education in nursing administration. Necessity or nicety for nurse-managed centers?
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Community Health Centers↗
Membrane localisation of a UDP-sugar hydrolase, in Salmonella, is by an uncleaved N-terminal signal peptide.
Most isolates of Salmonella contain two unrelated UDP-sugar hydrolases, one of which, encoded by the ushB gene, is inner membrane-associated. Previous studies showed that this enzyme contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide; the evidence also indicated, however, that this peptide is not cleaved, and serves to anchor the UshB protein in the inner membrane. In this report, we present strong evidence that this is indeed the case by using ushB'-'blaM fusions to demonstrate that this signal peptide is capable of localising beta-lactamase to the inner membrane. We also present evidence that UshB is located on the exterior (periplasmic) side of the membrane, and hence has an 'N-terminus inside/C-terminus outside' membrane orientation, consistent with a role in the degradation of external substrates.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Laparoscopic hysterectomy: a series of 100 cases.
OBJECTIVE: To introduce a new method of hysterectomy using the laparoscope and endoscopic stapling equipment. DESIGN: A prospective study of a series of patients. SETTING: Specialist private practice at two private hospitals. PATIENTS: Patients were accepted for laparoscopic hysterectomy except when clinical or ultrasound examination indicated that conventional vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy would be more appropriate or less hazardous. RESULTS: The procedure took longer than conventional surgery but was followed by an accelerated recovery, both in terms of inpatient stay and a short convalescence. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic hysterectomy is an alternative to conventional hysterectomy with apparent advantages. Patient recovery is generally faster. With increasing experience, complications of the procedure are reduced to levels that are comparable with those of conventional surgical hysterectomy.
Adult↗
Theoretical predictions of DNA hairpin loop conformations: correlations with thermodynamic and spectroscopic data.
A computational procedure for generating conformations of DNA hairpin loop structures from a broad range of low-energy starting states is described. The starting point of the modeling is the distribution of oligonucleotide chain conformations obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of feasible dinucleotide steps. Structures which meet the spatial criteria for hairpin loop formation are selected from the distributions and subsequently minimized using all-atom molecular mechanics. Both d(CTnG) and d(CAnG) oligomers, where n = 3, 4, or 5, are modeled. These sequences are chosen because of the large number of published NMR and thermodynamic studies on DNA hairpins containing thymine or adenine residues. The minimized three-dimensional hairpin loop structures are compared with one another as well as analyzed in terms of available experimental data. The computational approach provides the first detailed analysis of DNA hairpin loop structure in terms of a multistate conformational model. Investigation of the minimized conformations reveals several interesting structural features. First, hairpin loops of the same sequence adopt several distinctly different conformations, as opposed to minor variants of the same equilibrium structure, that could potentially interconvert in solution. Second, in contrast to double-helical nucleic acids, the hairpin loop models exhibit hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces. The different disposition of hydrophobic groups in loops versus duplexes could modulate both protein-nucleic acid interactions and nucleic acid self-associations. Third, perpendicular aromatic interactions of loop residues are observed in many of the computed hairpins. This sort of interaction might be important in the stabilization of non-hydrogen-bonded nucleic acid secondary and tertiary structures. The predicted structural features in the models help, in addition, to account for the unusual thermodynamic properties of DNA hairpin loops. Comparison of the theoretically-generated NOEs in different structures further reveals that very different molecular structures and interactions can, in principle, produce the same NOEs. The multistate description suggested by this observation differs from the conventional interpretation of DNA solution structure in terms of the fluctuations about a single preferred chain conformation. There is not necessarily only one set of closely related structures consistent with the observed data.
Base Sequence↗
K-space substitution: a novel dynamic imaging technique.
A rapid dynamic imaging sequence has been developed in which only the 32 phase encoding steps that encode low spatial frequencies are collected for each dynamic image. These are substituted into a previously acquired, 128 x 128 raw data set prior to image reconstruction. In this way the dynamic information is retained while the overall appearance is improved in comparison with images obtained by zero filling to 128 x 128, leading to better qualitative evaluation. The limited k-space sampling means that the technique is most effective for large homogeneous areas of signal change since fine changes in contrast are imperfectly recorded.
Animals↗
Relationship between safety data and biocontainment design in the environmental assessment of fermentation organisms--an FDA perspective.
The Center for Veterinary Medicine requires strain/construct-specific data for recombinant fermentation organisms used in the production of animal drugs and feed additives. Fermentation plant biocontainment schemes are chosen based, in part, upon the ability of the organism to survive and persist in the environment and to transfer genetic information to indigenous organisms. Survival and persistence study methods may include one of the following ecosystems: activated sludge, mammalian gut, soil or river water. Gene transfer protocols can be incorporated into a persistence study. These studies are designed to show that the recombinant construct behaves similarly to the host in a representative ecosystem where the organism could be introduced inadvertently. The studies need to provide repeatable results and reflect current state-of-art design and methods. Data verification is conducted by FDA investigators during Good Laboratory Practice inspections. Biocontainment guidelines, such as those developed by the NIH Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee, set general biocontainment goals for large groupings of recombinant organisms. The FDA, as required under the National Environmental Policy Act, must base its decision making on verifiable scientific data specific to each application. Therefore, in addition to using these guidelines as benchmarks, sponsors are required to submit strain/construct-specific data to support the selection of an appropriate biocontainment level. Once additional well-controlled studies for a variety of constructs are available, broader generalizations as to biocontainment may be drawn.
Containment of Biohazards↗
Meningitis due to penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae occurring in a patient on long term ampicillin prophylaxis.
A patient with persistent dural fistula, CSF rhinorrhoea and a history of recurrent bacterial meningitis developed meningitis with a penicillin-resistant strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae while on prophylactic ampicillin. The microbiological aspects of management are discussed.
Adult↗
Laparoscopic hysterectomy--a technique.
A technique for the performance of laparoscopic hysterectomy (laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy) is described. There are particular advantages to the patient in using this technique. There are also social and financial advantages. It is envisaged that this technique will become part of the routine surgical armamentarium of the gynaecological surgeon, whose personality disposes him towards this type of surgery. A prediction is made as to the future use of this surgical technique.
Catheters, Indwelling↗
The RAF Community Psychiatry Service in Cyprus.
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Community Health Nursing↗
Thermodynamics and structure of a DNA tetraplex: a spectroscopic and calorimetric study of the tetramolecular complexes of d(TG3T) and d(TG3T2G3T).
We report a combined thermodynamic and structural characterization of a DNA tetraplex. Using spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques, we demonstrate that d(TG3T) and d(TG3T2G3T), in the presence of K+, form stable tetramolecular complexes. From differential scanning calorimetry measurements, we obtain the following thermodynamic profiles for formation of each tetraplex at 25 degrees C: delta G degrees = -6.9 kcal/mol of tetraplex (or -2.3 kcal/mol of tetrad; 1 cal = 4.184 J), delta H degrees = -62.6 kcal/mol of tetraplex (or -20.9 kcal/mol of tetrad), and delta S degrees = -186.9 cal.K-1.mol-1 of tetraplex (or -62.3 cal.K-1.mol-1 of tetrad) for the d(TG3T) tetraplex; and delta G degrees = -20.2 kcal/mol of tetraplex (or -3.4 kcal/mol of tetrad), delta H degrees = -123.2 kcal/mol of tetraplex (or -20.5 kcal/mol of tetrad), and delta S degrees = -346.0 cal.K-1.mol-1 of tetraplex (or -57.7 cal.K-1.mol-1 of tetrad) for the d(TG3T2G3T) tetraplex. These data demonstrate that at 25 degrees C a G-tetrad can exhibit considerable stability, comparable to or even exceeding that of most Watson-Crick nearest-neighbor interactions, with this stability resulting from a very favorable enthalpy of formation. Temperature-dependent CD measurements reveal that the melting temperatures of both tetraplexes exhibit unusually low salt dependences. This unexpected behavior may reflect a diminished charge density due to bound K+ ions. For each complex, the Na+ and K+ forms exhibit drastically different isothermal and temperature-dependent CD profiles, with the K+ forms of each tetraplex melting more sharply and at a higher temperature than the Na+ forms. Using one- and two-dimensional NMR techniques, we show that the strands in the tetramolecular complex of d(TG3T), K+ are all parallel and that the guanine glycosidic conformations are all anti.
Base Sequence↗
An integrated ELF magnetic-field generator and incubator for long-term in vitro studies.
Long-term studies of the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on cells in culture require an incubator that is free of contaminating magnetic fields and that provides automatic control of exposure duration, uniform applied fields, a uniform and well-controlled environmental temperature, and high reliability of the total system. We describe a dual-incubator system in which the enclosed solenoid of either unit can provide a sham exposure while the other generates a magnetic induction of up to 500 microT. Each solenoid-incubator unit contains an enclosed rack that can hold as many as 140 petri dishes for culturing cells; each unit is heated radiantly by circulating warm water. Field-exposure conditions and temperatures are continuously monitored and controlled by a microcomputer.
Cells, Cultured↗
Measured energy expenditure and plasma substrate and hormonal changes after severe head injury.
The influence of head trauma on the pattern of response to injury has been studied. Metabolic and hormonal data from brain injured patients over 20 days following injury were compared with an existing data base from non-head-injured patients and control subjects. The results demonstrated elevated concentrations of plasma glucose, lactate, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cortisol, glucagon and insulin above that of control values in both groups after injury. Head injury as a separate factor did not affect the concentrations of any of these plasma substrates and hormones independently of its contribution to the Injury Severity Score (ISS). However, plasma catecholamine concentrations were higher in the head injured initially and at 7 days after injury. All head-injured patients showed an increase in metabolic rate (above predicted values) at some stage after injury. It should be noted, however, that there were some features of head injury (and its treatment) such as paralysis, ventilation and fasting which were not matched in the non-head-injured group. It was concluded that the metabolic changes occurring after head injury are similar to those occurring after extracranial injury and that therapeutic intervention has a major effect on the level of energy expenditure seen in these patients.
Adolescent↗
Chordoma of the parapharyngeal space.
An unusual case of a chordoma of the parapharyngeal space is presented with no direct involvement of the axial skeleton. Diagnosis was confirmed with the aid of immunocytochemical tests.
Aged↗
Resistance to phloem transport of potato leafroll virus in potato plants.
A 'double-graft sandwich' technique in which sections of potato stem from different potato cultivars were grafted between a susceptible healthy stock plant and a potato leafroll virus (PLRV)-infected scion was used to study the rate of phloem transport of PLRV in cultivars differing in resistance to PLRV infection (IR) and accumulation (AR). Resistance to phloem transport (i.e. delayed PLRV systemic movement) was found in Bismark cultivar (IR A(S)). This was independent of IR and AR as the rate of movement in Bismark cultivar was markedly slower than that in Omega and Spunta (IR AR), Delaware (I(S) AR), and Desiree and Renova (I(S) A(S)) cultivars. It operated in Bismark cultivar stems of two different ages, but did not operate against potato virus X (PVX) and was not influenced by previous infection with this virus. Aphid vector (Myzus persicae) feeding preferences and colonization rates differed between cultivars, but the cultivar characteristics responsible were unrelated to IR, AR or resistance to phloem transport. Delayed systemic movement of PLRV out of leaves inoculated with viruliferous aphids was independent of AR and resistance to phloem transport, and remained unaffected by previous infection with PVX. It was also independent of cultivar factors causing different aphid feeding preferences and colonization rates, but may be linked to IR.
Biological Transport↗
Obesity stigma reduction in medical students.
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate an educational intervention designed to modify the stigma held by first-year medical students towards obese patients. The intervention, composed of video, audio and written components, was based on Petty and Cacioppo's elaboration likelihood model. Prior to the course, the medical students held largely accurate beliefs about the causes of obesity, but they still maintained negative stereotypes of the obese as lazy and lacking in self-control. Analysis of students' attitudes toward obese patients five weeks and one year after the course indicates that the intervention was effective. At the five-week assessment, students in the intervention group differed from students in the control group on six of eight measures of attitudes toward the obese. One year after the course, the intervention group was significantly more likely to rate genetic factors as important in obesity and less likely to blame the obese for their condition.
Adult↗
Self-perceived information needs and concerns of elderly persons.
The research was intended to identify the dimensions underlying self-perceived information needs and concerns of an elderly population. The spontaneously mentioned needs and concerns expressed in 271 letters from a sample of the population were extracted and a multidimensional scaling procedure was used to represent the 58 most frequently mentioned items in configurations of varying dimensionality. To interpret the multidimensional spaces, another sample of 176 elderly subjects was asked to rate the 58 concerns on eight properties. These ratings were then regressed onto the multidimensional configurations. The results indicate that the most frequently mentioned information needs and concerns of elderly persons can be parsimoniously understood in terms of three underlying dimensions: (1) Improving the Quality of Life vs Securing the Necessities of Life, (2) Health-related vs Not Health-related, and (3) Individual vs Societal Responsibility.
Activities of Daily Living↗