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Biomedical subjects

R A Hinder

Publications and source records attributed to R A Hinder.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The thoracic stomach: a study of gastric emptying, bile reflux and mucosal change.

The clinical progress, histological state of the gastric mucosa, gastric emptying of a liquid meal and duodenogastric reflux were studied postoperatively in 15 patients with a vagotomized intrathoracic stomach without a drainage procedure. The intact though denervated pylorus did not impede the emptying of liquids. Bile reflux into the thoracic stomach in both the erect and supine positions was significantly greater than that measured in control subjects. While posture did not affect duodenogastric reflux in the normal adult, bile reflux across the denervated pylorus was significantly increased in the supine position. Chronic active gastritis was noted in 12 patients but could not be correlated with the degree of bile reflux. Nine patients had evidence of pulmonary aspiration and gastric food residue was a common finding at endoscopy. The vagotomized intrathoracic stomach may need a drainage procedure to facilitate solid emptying.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Gastroduodenal motility--a comparison between domperidone and metoclopramide.

Domperidone (Motilium) speeds the emptying rate of the smallest particle size of a digestible solid (radioactive cubed liver) but has no effect on the emptying rate of 400 ml of 5% dextrose in the normal canine stomach. Conversely, metoclopramide (Maxolon) speeds the emptying of the liquid, but slows the emptying rate of the digestible solid. The effect of domperidone on canine gastric electrical activity is to increase the frequency and strength of action potentials in the stomach after fasting and to slow the rate of discharge of the pacesetter potential, an effect similar to that seen after feeding.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Individual and combined roles of the pylorus and the antrum in the canine gastric emptying of a liquid and a digestible solid.

The gastric emptying of a liquid (5% dextrose) and a digestible solid (liver) were studied in 8 dogs with an intact stomach, after pylorectomy, after antrectomy, and after distal (Billroth I) gastrectomy. Pylorectomy and particularly Billroth I gastrectomy resulted in more rapid gastric emptying of the liquid. With an intact stomach, the digestible solid was broken down predominantly (93.8%) into very small particle size (less than 0.15 mm) before being passed into the duodenum. This ability was largely preserved after both pylorectomy or antrectomy. Billroth I gastrectomy resulted in the small bowel being presented with much larger particles of a digestible solid than if the antrum or the pylorus, or both, were preserved. After excision of both the antrum and the pylorus, 38.2% of the liver emptied in particle size greater than 1 mm as opposed to 2.5% from the intact stomach, 4.9% after pylorectomy, and 6.1% after antrectomy. Thus, both the pylorus and the antrum can control the gastric emptying of both a liquid and a digestible solid.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

A tube system for the management of ruptured oesophagus.

In a patient who has ruptured his oesophagus a major objective should be to prevent access of swallowed material or refluxed gastric contents to the area of the rupture. We describe a tube system, introduced into the oesophagus via a cervical oesophagostomy, which prevents swallowed material from getting to the lower oesophagus and allows a tube to the passed into the stomach for continuous aspiration of gastric contents. To discontinue the diversion, a surgical procedure is not required. The successful use of this tube system in 3 patients is described.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

A villous tumour of the duodenum with malignant change in a child: A case report.

A tubulovillous adenoma of the duodenum with a predominant villous pattern in a child aged 11 years underwent malignant change, causing obstructive jaundice, and was diagnosed by percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Two of the patient's 9 siblings had previously died of cancer. A review of villous tumours of the duodenum is given.

Adenocarcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1977

Human gastric pacesetter potential. Site of origin, spread, and response to gastric transection and proximal gastric vagotomy.

Gastric electrical activity was recorded from twenty-six patients at celiotomy. The human gastric pacemaker was localized to an area in the midcorpus along the greater curve. Pacesetter potentials were generated regularly by the pacemaker at a mean frequency of 3.2 cycles/min and were propagated circumferentially and aborally from the pacemaker, increasing in amplitude and velocity as they approach the pylorus. The pattern of pacesetter potenitals in patients with gastric ulcer, gastric cancer, and duodenal ulcer was similar to that of patients without such diseases. Complete transection of the gastric corpus isolated the distal stomach from the natural pacemaker and resulted in the appearance of a new pacemaker in the distal stomach with a slower frequency. The fact that proximal gastric vagotomy did not greatly alter the frequency of generation or the pattern of propagation of the pacesetter potential provided further evidence that both are myogenic phenomena.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1977

Canine gastric emptying of solids and liquids.

In four dogs, gastric emptying of a digestible solid (50 g of liver tagged with [57Co]-cyanocobalamine and diced into 1-cm cubes), an indigestible solid (40 radiopaque plastic spheres, diameter 7mm), and a liquid (400 ml of either 1 or 10% dextrose tagged with polyethylene[1,2-3H]glycol were simultaneously assessed by quantitating the rate of appearance of the gastric markers in the duodenum. The rate of gastric emptying of cubed liver was similar whether the liver was given alone or with solutions of the rapidly emptying 1% dextrose, but its rate of emptying was slowed by the slower emptying 10% dextrose. Homogenization of the liver speeded its emptying. Moreover, the homogenized liver emptied even faster when dispersed in 1% dextrose and emptied more slowly when dispersed in 10% dextrose, but in both instances the liver emptied at the same rate as the solution in which it was mixed. Indigestible spheres were nearly all retained, whereas the liver and the dextrose were emptied. Our conclusion is that the stomach empties liquids and retains solids for reduction to a smaller size, after which they are discharged at the same rates as the liquid then present in the stomach.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

The effect of posture on the emptying of the intrathoracic vagotomized stomach.

Ten patients were studied at periods ranging from 6 months to 25 years after oesophagogastrostomy and gastric drainage. Gastric emptying studies and overnight gastric aspirates in both the supine and erect positions were carried out. Evidence was found in these patients of increased duodenogastric reflux and poor gastric emptying in the supine posture. All of the patients had gastritis, and some had gastric mucosal ulceration. These findings have led to the conclusion that in the supine posture the combination of duodenogastric reflux and poor gastric emptying leads to gastric mucosal damage.

Bile↗
PubMed1976

The volumetric measurement of gastric emptying and gastric secretion by a radioisotope method.

Most methods of measurements of gastric emptying rely on the serial estimation of intragastric volume and do not separately account for the volume of fluid which has been added to the meal by gastric secretion, duodenal reflux, or swallowed saliva. The volume emptied is therefore underestimated. A method of measuring gastric emptying using [125I]RIHSA and the Volémetron is presented. The volume of fluid added to the meal is taken into consideration in this method, giving a more accurate reflection of gastric emptying. Using this method in the dog, emptying was found to be linear rather than exponential.

Animals↗