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Biomedical subjects

R A GOOD

Publications and source records attributed to R A GOOD.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1964

IMMUNOLOGIC INCOMPETENCE OF IMMUNOLOGICALLY RUNTED ANIMALS.

1. Adult (A x C(57)Bl/1)F(1) hybrids regularly show runt disease when injected with adult spleen cells from A strain donors. This also occurs when A strain spleen cells are administered to adult C(3)H mice made tolerant of A strain tissue in the neonatal period. 2. Mice undergoing the graft versus host reaction fail to form antibodies to an intraperitoneal challenge of T(2) bacteriophage. This phenomenon was observed well before any of the other overt signs of runting had occurred. Further, inhibition of antibody production to T(2) phage by graft versus host reaction initiated at an interval following antigenic stimulation is demonstrated. 3. The basis for the immunologic incompetence of the host with respect to T(2) phage is presumed to be the attack of immunologically competent donor cells on the lymphoid cells of the recipient. 4. The failure of the injected parent strain cells to respond to the antigen used may imply immunologic commitment of these cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1964

EVOLUTION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. I. THE PHYLOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSIVENESS IN VERTEBRATES.

1. The California hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii, seems to be completely lacking in adaptive immunity: it forms no detectable circulating antibody despite intensive stimulation with a range of antigens; it does not show reactivity to old tuberculin following sensitization with BCG; and gives no evidence of homograft immunity. 2. Studies on the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, have been limited to the response to bacteriophage T(2) and hemocyanin in small groups of spawning animals. They suggest that the lamprey may have a low degree of immunologic reactivity. 3. One holostean, the bowfin (Amia calva) and the guitarfish (Rhinobatos productus), an elasmobranch, showed a low level of primary response to phage and hemocyanin. The response is slow and antibody levels low. Both the bowfin and the guitarfish showed a vigorous secondary response to phage, but neither showed much enhancement of reactivity to hemocyanin in the secondary response. The bowfin formed precipitating antibody to hemocyanin, but the guitarfish did not. Both hemagglutinating and precipitating antibody to hemocyanin were also observed in the primary response of the black bass. 4. The bowfin was successfully sensitized to Ascaris antigen, and lesions of the delayed type developed after challenge at varying intervals following sensitization. 5. The horned shark (Heterodontus franciscii) regularly cleared hemocyanin from the circulation after both primary and secondary antigenic stimulation, and regularly formed hemagglutinating antibody, but not precipitating antibody, after both primary and secondary stimulation with this antigen. These animals regularly cleared bacteriophage from the circulation after both the primary and secondary stimulation with bacteriophage T(2). Significant but small amounts of antibody were produced in a few animals in the primary response, and larger amounts in the responding animals after secondary antigenic stimulation. 6. Studies by starch gel and immunoelectrophoresis show that the hagfish has no bands with mobilities of mammalian gamma globulins; that the lamprey has a single, relatively faint band of this type; and that multiple gamma bands are characteristic of the holostean, elasmobranchs, and teleosts studied. By this method of study, the bowfin appeared to have substantial amounts of gamma(2) globulin. 7. We conclude that adaptive immunity and its cellular and humoral correlates developed in the lowest vertebrates, and that a rising level of immunologic reactivity and an increasingly differentiated and complex immunologic mechanism are observed going up the phylogenetic scale from the hagfish, to the lamprey, to the elasmobranchs, to the holosteans, and finally the teleosts.

Adaptation, Physiological↗