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Biomedical subjects

R A Dailey

Publications and source records attributed to R A Dailey.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Patterns of late embryonic and fetal mortality and association with several factors in sheep.

Embryonic and fetal mortality reduce lambing rates and litter sizes, thus contributing to economic losses in the sheep industry. In the current study, the timing of late embryonic and fetal loss in ewes and the factors with which these losses were associated were examined. Ewes lambing and lambs born were compared with pregnancy diagnosis and counts of embryos by ultrasonography near d 25, 45, 65, or 85 of gestation. Approximately 19.9% of the ewes experienced late embryonic loss, fetal loss, or both; and 21.2% of the embryos or fetuses were lost from d 25 to term. Potential offspring were lost throughout gestation; 3.7% of embryos from d 25 to 45, 4.3% of fetuses from d 45 to 65, 3.3% from d 65 to 85, and 11.5% from d 85 to parturition; thus, approximately 3 to 4% of the potential offspring were lost for each 20-d period of pregnancy beyond d 25. A greater proportion of ewes lost one (36.7%) rather than all (20.5% single; 3.8% multiple) embryos or fetuses. The patterns of loss were similar in ewes mated during the anestrous season and the transitional period and did not vary with service period within breeding season or method of synchronization of estrus. Late embryonic or fetal losses were not related to the temperature-humidity index. Maternal serum collected near d 25, 45, 65, or 85 of gestation was assayed for concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17beta , and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The proportions of embryos or fetuses lost were associated with breed type (P < 0.05), as were concentrations of progesterone (P < 0.01), estradiol (P < 0.05), and VEGF (P < 0.01). The relationships of loss or retention of pregnancy to hormonal variables at the 4 stages studied were limited. Complete and partial losses increased rapidly as maternal progesterone at d 25 decreased below 2 ng/mL (P < 0.05). Survival of fetuses within a litter from d 25 to 65 was greater for ewes with medium concentrations of VEGF near d 25 and from d 65 to parturition was greater for ewes with high concentrations of VEGF near d 45 (P < 0.05). In summary, late embryonic or fetal losses occurred from d 25 throughout gestation and varied with breed type and with concentrations of progesterone in maternal serum on d 25.

Abortion, Veterinary↗
PubMed2003

Effects of Gram-positive bacterial pathogens in ewes: peptidoglycan as a potential mediator of interruption of early pregnancy.

Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan (PTG), which, among other actions, induces fever. The present experiment evaluated the effects of PTG treatment on early pregnancy and blood plasma concentrations of reproductive hormones. Ewes were injected i.v. with saline or 15, 30 or 60 microg kg(-1) sonicated PTG (Streptococcus pyogenes) on day 5 after mating. Each dose of PTG induced fever. Pregnancy rate at day 25 was not related to incidence of fever but tended to differ among treatments (control, 100%; low, 100%; medium, 67%; high, 60%; P < 0.08). Combined pregnancy rate in ewes from control and low dose groups (100%) was greater than that in ewes from medium and high dose groups (64%, P < 0.01). Ewes with high 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (PGFM) concentrations had lower pregnancy rates (6 of 10) than those with low concentrations of PGFM (11 of 11; P < 0.05). Mean cortisol concentrations were higher in treated (2.8 +/- 0.28 microg dl(-1)) than in control (1.1 +/- 0.03 microg dl(-1)) ewes (P < 0.01); the pattern of secretion was biphasic and increased in all treated ewes (P < 0.01). Neither means nor profiles of oestradiol differed with treatment. Mean concentrations and the pattern of concentrations of progesterone were reduced in all treated ewes, as indicated by the time by treatment and linear interaction with treatment (1.2 +/- 0.1 versus 1.6 +/- 0.1 ng ml(-1), P < 0.01). Patterns of LH pulses did not differ from 0 to 4 h or 24 to 28 h after treatment; mean plasma LH concentration was lower in ewes treated with 0, 15 or 30 microg PTG kg(-1) than with 60 microg PTG kg(-1) (P < 0.01). Pregnancy status was not related to plasma concentrations or patterns of LH, oestradiol, progesterone or cortisol. Inflammatory mediators, such as PGF(2alpha), may act directly on the embryo or uterus in ewes treated with PTG.

Abortion, Septic↗
PubMed2001

Primary Ewing sarcoma of the orbit.

PURPOSE: To report the clinicopathologic features of a 17-year-old patient with primary Ewing sarcoma of the orbit. METHODS: The patient was evaluated clinically before surgery with computed tomography scans of the orbit. After surgery, the patient was staged with computed tomography scans and bone scan and was treated with systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy to the orbit. The orbital biopsy was evaluated with conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Clinical evaluation revealed proptosis and limited upgaze. Computed tomography scans disclosed a mass involving the superior orbit, anterior cranial fossa, and temporal fossa. Microscopic examination revealed small, poorly differentiated cells with medium-sized nuclei containing finely granular chromatin and small nucleoli. The cytoplasmic borders of the cells were indistinct. A PAS stain revealed modest glycogen in many of the tumor cells. The tumor stained positive for O-13 and vimentin and was negative for neural, skeletal, and lymphoid cell markers. Computed tomography scan, bone scan, and blood chemistries revealed no other site of involvement. After treatment, the clinical symptoms and signs resolved, and there has been no evidence of residual orbital tumor or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: Primary Ewing sarcoma of the orbit should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children or young adults with proptosis, diplopia, or periorbital swelling. Immunohistochemistry is essential to distinguish Ewing sarcoma from other small round cell tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Cicatricial entropion associated with chronic dipivefrin application.

PURPOSE: To report patients who presented to the oculoplastics department for repair of cicatrical entropion after topical use of dipivefrin. To discuss the possible mechanisms of action and highlight the potential detrimental effects of dipivefrin on palpebral conjunctiva. METHODS: Retrospective consecutive noncomparative case series. Nine eyes from 6 patients, 74 years to 90 years of age, referred by ophthalmologists for repair of cicatricial entropion after at least 2 years of twice-a-day application of dipivefrin. RESULTS: After cessation of topical dipivefrin application and successful surgical repair of entropion, no recurrence of signs or symptoms has been reported. Moderate lymphocytic infiltration of the substantia propria of the conjunctiva of both upper and lower lid specimens was present, as was scarring and keratinization of the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Cicatrization in the substantia propria of the conjunctiva by excessive lymphocytic infiltration after topically administered antiglaucoma drugs including dipivefrin is a possible mechanism of action for entropion.

Adrenergic Agonists↗
PubMed2000

Surgical debulking of eyelid and anterior orbital plexiform neurofibromas by means of the carbon dioxide laser.

PURPOSE: To present the carbon dioxide laser as an effective tool for surgical debulking of eyelid and orbital neurofibromas. METHOD: Two patients with neurofibromatosis underwent surgical debulking of their eyelid and orbital plexiform neurofibromas by means of the carbon dioxide laser. RESULTS: Acceptable cosmetic results were obtained with the removal of eyelid and orbital neurofibromas with improved hemostasis and minimal destruction of surrounding tissue when compared with conventional methods of removal. CONCLUSIONS: The carbon dioxide laser may allow significant improvement in the removal of plexiform neurofibromas.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Secondary fractures of Le Fort I osteotomy.

PURPOSE: To report the ophthalmic complications of Le Fort I osteotomy for the correction of dentofacial deformities and to determine the maximal compressive loads applied during pterygomaxillary separation in a cadaver model. METHODS: Two cases of ophthalmic complications arising after Le Fort I osteotomy are reported. Le Fort I osteotomy was performed on five cadavers. The maximal compressive load applied during pterygomaxillary separation was recorded with a 10 kN (3,000 lbf) load cell of a MTS Mini-Bionix servo-hydraulic machine (MTS, Eden Prairie, MN, U.S.A.). A paired t test was used to compare forces applied to the right and left sides. Computed tomography scans of each specimen were obtained after Le Fort I osteotomy to document secondary fractures. The skulls were subsequently stained with 1% fuschin red to highlight secondary fractures. RESULTS: Maximum compressive loads during pterygomaxillary separation ranged from 22 N (5.0 lbf) to 162 N (36.5 lbf), with an average of 106 N (23.8 lbf) (SD 47.6 N [10.7 lbf]). Forces applied on the first operative side were significantly greater than forces applied on the second operative side (p = 0.0034). Secondary fractures were found in three specimens by computed tomography and in two specimens by 1% fuschin red. All secondary fractures occurred on the second operative side. CONCLUSION: Secondary fractures in the Le Fort I osteotomy procedures occurred on the side opposite the greater maximal compressive load and on the second operative side.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Complications of laser resurfacing and their management.

PURPOSE: To describe complications associated with laser resurfacing along with specific treatment recommendations. METHODS: The authors' experiences with laser resurfacing complications are discussed in conjunction with a review of published reports. Current preoperative and postoperative regimens are also presented. RESULTS: Postoperative erythema occurs in all patients and is considered a transient side effect, not a complication. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, scarring, wound infections, milia, ectropion, pain, acneiform eruptions, pruritus, and contact dermatitis are reported by multiple authors. Specific interventions combined with the passage of time allow most of these complications to resolve, leaving the patient with an acceptable final result. CONCLUSIONS: Although laser resurfacing is a safe and effective method of facial rejuvenation, the cosmetic surgeon must be aware of the various complications that may be encountered. Prompt recognition of complications and appropriate management provide the best opportunity for an acceptable aesthetic outcome.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2000

Ability of induced corpora lutea to maintain pregnancy in beef cows.

Experiments were conducted in beef cows without a primary CL, in which pregnancy had been maintained with exogenous progestogen. In preliminary trials, replacement CL induced ipsilateral to the embryo and after, rather than before, d 36 of pregnancy, maintained more pregnancies after withdrawal of exogenous progestogen (13/13 vs 2/6; P < 0.05). In Exp. 1, in cows with replacement CL induced by treatment with hCG on d 28 of pregnancy, treatment with flunixin meglumine on d 31 through 37 did not increase maintenance of pregnancy. Experiment 2 was conducted to evaluate directly the effects of concentrations of PGF2alpha and estradiol-17beta during d 31 through 35 of pregnancy on maintenance of pregnancy by replacement CL induced between d 28 and 31. In cows that maintained pregnancy while progestogen was provided, maintenance of pregnancy after withdrawal of exogenous progestogen tended to be greater with high (5/5) than with low (2/6; P < 0.10) concentrations of PGF2alpha and greater with low (6/7) than with high (2/6; P = 0.10) concentrations of estradiol-17beta. Secretion of progesterone by replacement CL was greater (P < 0.05) in cows with high than in those with low concentrations of PGF2, during d 31 through 35. Prostaglandin F2alpha may facilitate attachment of the bovine embryo (d 30 to 40) in a manner similar to that reported for implantation in other species. Cows that did not form CL in response to hCG on d 28 to 31 responded well when retreated after d 36. Again, maintenance of pregnancy was greater when replacement CL were induced after (9/9) rather than before d 36 (8/16; P < 0.05).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Bilateral proptosis: an unusual presentation of fibrous dysplasia.

Fibrous dysplasia is a benign, developmental bone disorder of unknown aetiology. With involvement of the facial bones, indications for surgical intervention include cosmetic deformity and/or progressive neurological dysfunction. We present the case of a 36-year-old female with bilateral orbital lesions whose initial presentation was that of progressive proptosis and visual loss. She underwent bilateral pterional craniotomies with gross total resection of her tumours. Review of the literature reveals several cases of unilateral orbital fibrous dysplasia. This appears to be the first reported case of distinct, bilateral orbital fibrous dysplasia.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Transconjunctival frontalis suspension: a clinical evaluation.

PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of transconjunctival frontalis suspension in patients with blepharoptosis and poor levator function (eyelid excursion less then 5 mm). METHODS: The medical records of 29 patients (50 ptotic eyelids) were reviewed. RESULTS: Four patients (eight eyelids) had blepharophimosis syndrome, ten patients (27 eyelids) had congenital ptosis, seven patients (14 eyelids) had myogenic ptosis, and one patient (one eyelid) had neurogenic ptosis. Surgical results were good and complications were minimal during follow-up intervals ranging from six months to seven years. CONCLUSIONS: Transconjunctival frontalis suspension is technically simpler than traditional external frontalis suspension and yields satisfactory functional and cosmetic results in patients with poor levator function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Levator aponeurosis disinsertion in congenital entropion of the upper eyelid.

PURPOSE: To present a patient with congenital entropion of the upper eyelid caused by levator aponeurosis disinsertion. METHODS: Case report. RESULTS: Surgical correction of the levator aponeurosis disinsertion corrected the upper eyelid entropion. CONCLUSIONS: Congenital upper eyelid entropion may be caused by levator aponeurosis disinsertion and treated effectively by repairing the anatomic defect.

Entropion↗
PubMed1998

Concentrations of tissue-type plasminogen activator and relaxin in normal and induced-cystic follicles of gilts.

Manipulation of one ovary in prepubertal gilts treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) results in cysts on the manipulated ovary and corpora lutea (CL) on the non-manipulated (control) ovary. Because tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) might play a role in follicular rupture and because relaxin might increase tPA production, concentrations of tPA and relaxin in manipulated and control follicles were measured at different stages of development. Prepubertal gilts were treated with 1000 IU PMSG followed by 750 IU hCG at 72 hr later. Follicles on one ovary in each gilt were manipulated at laparotomy 48 hr after PMSG administration. Gilts were ovariectomized at 72, 90, 108, 114, 144, and 216 hr after PMSG. Concentrations of tPA and relaxin were determined for follicular fluid from follicles dissected free of ovarian stroma and snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and media from follicles cultured for 48 hr. Relaxin did not differ between treatment groups (manipulated and control) at any time (P > 0.05); whereas, tPA was greater in control follicles at 114 hr after PMSG than in manipulated follicles (P < 0.01). The effect of pyrilamine, a histamine-1 receptor antagonist, on tPA concentrations was determined in manipulated and control follicles collected at 3, 12, 24, 42, and 66 hr after manipulation. Concentrations of tPA were similar in control and manipulated follicles for gilts treated with pyrilamine, but again control follicles had greater (P < 0.05) tPA concentrations at 114 hr after PMSG. Thus, tPA seems to be involved in ovulation, and blockage of ovulation and subsequent cyst formation results from inadequate tPA activity in manipulated follicles.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Histopathologic changes of the eyelid skin following trichloroacetic acid chemical peel.

The use of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as a periorbital and eyelid peel for skin rejuvenation is gaining significant acceptance among oculoplastic surgeons, dermatologists, and other surgery groups. In spite of the current enthusiasm, there remain potentially serious complications resulting from any periorbital peel. Cases of cicatricial ectropion have been reported in phenol-peeled patients, and lower eyelid ectropion has reportedly occurred in patients undergoing deep eyelid peel in conjunction with a blepharoplasty (1,2). To avoid this complication, it is necessary to better understand the depth of the wound produced by different strengths and combinations of peeling agents applied to living eyelid tissue and, more important, to determine the concentrations of TCA that are likely to lead to cicatricial ectropion when applied in a consistent fashion. We chose upper-eyelid skin because it is easier to obtain for histopathologic study than lower-eyelid skin and, in our experience, is more sensitive to hypertrophic changes after chemical peeling or carbon dioxide laser resurfacing. We applied TCA to the preseptal skin of 10 patients 48 h before standard upper-eyelid blepharoplasty. The acid was applied to produce a "frost," using varying concentrations of acid, ranging from 20 to 50%. The treated skin removed at the time of blepharoplasty was reviewed in a masked fashion by a dermatopathologist to determine the depth of necrosis. We found that superficial peels with necrosis involving 30% of the epidermis were produced by the lowest-concentration combination of TCA applied (20% followed by 0%). As the strength increased, so did the depth of peel. The combination of 50% followed by a second application of 50% produced the deepest peel, with necrosis into the papillary dermis. This finding would indicate that the chance of developing cicatricial ectropion with any of the tested combinations of TCA should be very remote.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1998

A modified surgical technique in the treatment of facial nerve palsies.

The ophthalmic complications associated with facial nerve palsy present a challenging problem to the treating ophthalmologist. Over the last hundred years, a wide variety of techniques have been used to rehabilitate patients with facial nerve palsy. Each of these techniques is associated with unique complications. We describe a significantly modified surgical technique for the rehabilitation of patients with facial nerve palsy that has not, to our knowledge, previously appeared in the literature.

Facial Paralysis↗
PubMed1998

Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin disease with primary manifestation in the orbit.

Hodgkin disease with primary manifestation in the orbit is extremely rare, and even when suspected can be very difficult to diagnose. Its clinical and histological presentation can be nearly impossible to differentiate from that of a benign inflammatory process, and it is necessary to utilize immunohistochemical techniques to confirm the diagnosis. This article focuses on a case of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin disease with initial manifestation in the orbit. A comparison of the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical presentations associated with both Hodgkin disease and benign inflammation is discussed. A brief review of the immunohistochemistry specific for Hodgkin disease is also provided.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1998

Infection of a porous polyethylene orbital implant with Capnocytophaga.

A 68-year-old woman experienced an infection of a porous polyethylene orbital implant caused by Capnocytophaga after a dental procedure. The infection was unresponsive to both topical and oral antibiotics and required removal of the porous polyethylene orbital implant. Capnocytophaga is a capnophilic, gram-negative bacillus. Capnocytophaga is a normal commensal of the mouth and is responsible for both gingivitis and periodontal disease. Capnocytophaga is a rare cause of ocular infections. This is the first reported patient with an infection of a porous polyethylene orbital implant caused by Capnocytophaga. The authors believe infected integrated orbital implants must be removed because neither topical or systemic therapy provide effective treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

LeFort I orbitotomy: a new approach to the inferonasal orbital apex.

Numerous approaches to the orbit have been elegantly described in the literature. One area of the orbit that remains difficult to approach with standard techniques is the inferonasal apex. We describe a new surgical procedure we have termed the LeFort I orbitotomy. The technique involves creation of a LeFort I osteotomy to separate the maxilla from the zygoma and nose bilaterally. The posterior inferomedial orbital bone is then removed and the periorbita opened. This approach allows a more direct, less tangential view to this area of the orbit than does a Caldwell-Luc approach. Wider access for tumor manipulation is gained than would be possible with a transnasal endoscopic approach. An illustrative case report is presented.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗