Mast cells induce T-cell adhesion to human fibroblasts by regulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression.
The capacity of mast cell products to mediate T-cell adhesion to fibroblasts was explored using heterotypic coculture systems or by exposing fibroblasts to mast-cell-conditioned media (MCCM), prepared by degranulating mast cells with calcium ionophore. Experimental results indicated that fibroblasts exposed to MCCM for 24 h bound fivefold more T cells than control fibroblasts. Binding was inhibited with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) neutralizing antibodies. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis revealed that fibroblasts exposed to MCCM markedly increased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 surface expression by 4 h, with levels maximal at 16 h and returning toward baseline by 48 h. A dose-dependent response of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was noted using serial dilutions of MCCM or by altering the ratio of degranulated mast cells cocultured with fibroblasts. Similar results were obtained using human fibroblasts derived from the dermis, synovium, and lung, although lung fibroblasts were generally less responsive. Northern analysis confirmed that MCCM regulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression at the mRNA level. In summary, mast cell products stimulated fibroblast surface expression, steady-state mRNA levels, and functional expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Experimental data suggest that mast-cell-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha may be in large part responsible for these observations, although further studies using human mast cells will be required. Using a skin-equivalent organotypic coculture model with fibroblasts admixed with mast cells, we observed increased ICAM-1 expression in both keratinocytes and fibroblasts after activation of the mast cells.