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Biomedical subjects

R A Catalano

Publications and source records attributed to R A Catalano.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Development of object vision in infants with permanent cortical visual impairment.

We examined 30 infants in whom cortical visual impairment was diagnosed during their first year of life to ascertain prognostic factors for the development of object vision, defined as the ability to recognize faces or hand-held toys. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 12 months. The most common causes of cortical visual impairment in the 30 infants were hydrocephalus in nine infants (30.0%), birth asphyxia or neonatal hypoxia in eight infants (26.7%), intracranial hemorrhage with or without hydrocephalus in seven infants (23.3%), and meningitis in five infants (16.7%). Lack of development of object vision was associated only with hypoxia (P = .013). Findings on ophthalmic examination, an abnormality in the visual pathway on computed tomographic or magnetic resonance scan, and seizures, hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage, meningitis, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, prematurity, microcephaly, and hearing deficit, did not appear to be risk factors for the lack of development of object vision.

Brain Diseases↗
PubMed1991

Surgical management of oculomotor nerve palsy.

We treated seven patients with unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy by transposition of the insertion of the superior oblique tendon to a point anterior and medial to the insertion of the superior rectus muscle without trochleotomy (Scott procedure). Additionally, large recessions of the lateral rectus muscle of involved eyes and, occasionally, recess/resect procedures of horizontal recti muscles of non-involved eyes were performed. All patients were followed up between one and eight years. Orthophoria in the primary position was achieved and maintained with one operation in four patients. A fifth patient had only a small residual exotropia. In two patients who had aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve, surgery on horizontal recti muscles of the noninvolved eye improved the eyelid position of the involved eye after three operations.

Blepharoptosis↗
PubMed1991

Glaucoma after pediatric lensectomy/vitrectomy.

Glaucoma after pediatric cataract surgery, once well recognized, now occurs only rarely after modern lensectomy/vitrectomy. The authors performed directed glaucoma evaluations of 34 eyes of 26 children. Based on intraocular pressures of 26 mmHg or greater, glaucoma was diagnosed in 8 (24%) eyes of 7 (27%) children. Glaucoma was found more commonly among children followed more than 60 months and was diagnosed up to 105 months after surgery. Typically, the glaucoma was open angle and asymptomatic. Four children had had previously normal pressures recorded. With longer follow-up, it is likely that more children will be diagnosed with glaucoma after lensectomy/vitrectomy procedures. The authors believe such patients should be followed as glaucoma suspects for the rest of their lives.

Cataract Extraction↗
PubMed1990

Functional eyelid pulling in children.

Five children (three girls and two boys, aged 3 1/2 to 9 1/2 years) were referred by their pediatricians for evaluation of intermittent pulling on their eyelids. All the children were free of systemic disease. One child wore spectacles for accommodative esotropia but no child had evidence of an acute ocular disorder. The duration of symptoms before examination ranged from one to 13 months. None of the parents were able to identify temporally related stressful events. Reassurance alone was given to both parents and children; eyelid pulling resolved in all cases within two weeks. In only the youngest patient did eyelid pulling recur and no child developed other symptoms during a follow-up of six to 15 months. Following resolution, parents believed their children pulled on the eyelids to gain attention or because their eyes were initially irritated and they then developed a "bad habit." Children said they did it to "look funny" or because their "eyes were not opening enough."

Attention↗
PubMed1990

Optic disk elevation in Down's syndrome.

Of five children who had Down's syndrome with optic nerve head elevation, without associated intracranial lesions, three underwent enhanced computed tomography for which no abnormalities were found. Partial, complete, or intermittent resolution of the optic disk elevation occurred in three children. In none of the children were retinal vessel dilation, splinter hemorrhages, optic nerve drusen, subsequent optic atrophy, or apparent visual loss noted. All of the children were hyperopic, but only one child had a hyperopia of greater than 3.50 diopters.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1990

Signs distinguishing spasmus nutans (with and without central nervous system lesions) from infantile nystagmus.

Clinical findings as well as eye and head movement recordings were analyzed from 23 patients with spasmus nutans without central nervous system (CNS) changes, 10 patients with spasmus nutans-like disease (head nodding, intermittent nystagmus associated with intracranial anomalies or visual pathway disorders), and 25 patients with infantile nystagmus. Ten diagnostic signs were established to differentiate between the patient groups. Although they were helpful in separating patients with infantile nystagmus from those with spasmus nutans, no difference was found between the patients with spasmus nutans with and without CNS lesions. This study indicates that eye and head movement recordings do not allow differentiation between benign spasmus nutans and spasmus nutans-like disease. The differentiation must be made on the basis of neuroimaging.

Child↗
PubMed1989

Correlating factors to resident performance in an ophthalmology program.

To study the relationship between perceived clinical performance and objective measures of resident knowledge, the performance and records of 19 recent graduates of an ophthalmology training program were retrospectively reviewed. Six faculty members and six ancillary staff personnel independently ranked residents on the basis of dutiful performance of duties and quality of care provided by the end of residency. Clinical performance ranks were then compared with ranks of results on standardized tests of knowledge, and number of publications before and during residency. Additionally, a resident's ranking on clinical performance and knowledge-related criteria was compared with his or her ranking at the time of the ophthalmology match. The perceived clinical performance of residents was not related to their results on standardized examinations or their number of publications. Residents highly regarded at the time of the ophthalmology match were not the same as those so regarded at the end of residency. Using data available before the commencement of the residency, the only correlation to quality of care provided was the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Part I scores. The scores on the NBME Part I did not, however, correlate with those of the Ophthalmology Knowledge Assessment Program (OKAP).

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1988

Vitreous hemorrhage and the Valsalva maneuver in proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

A 59-year-old man with bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy underwent fluorescein angiography as a baseline study. Soon after intravenous injection of fluorescein, the patient had an extended episode of vomiting resulting in bilateral vitreous hemorrhages. Photographic evidence is presented that confirms the clinical impression that vitreous hemorrhage may be precipitated by a Valsalva maneuver.

Diabetic Retinopathy↗
PubMed1988

Oculocutaneous albinism associated with congenital glaucoma.

An infant with oculocutaneous albinism and congenital glaucoma is described. The association of these two uncommon congenital disorders might suggest a common defective factor. Theoretically this patient broadens the spectrum of disorders of neural crest cell migration associated with albinism.

Albinism↗