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Biomedical subjects

R A Cartwright

Publications and source records attributed to R A Cartwright.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

The leukaemia research fund data collection survey: the incidence and geographical distribution of acute myeloid leukemia.

This paper reports on the 2,362 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accumulated by the Leukaemia Research Fund Data Collection Survey between January 1, 1984, and June 30, 1988 providing the recent geographical distribution and descriptive epidemiology of the AML group of conditions. Statistical approaches to this data set are described. The study shows sex differences in distribution for those aged under 55 years compared to older age groups, with variable male: female incidence in different age bands and a male excess in those over 55 years. A nonsignificant excess of females was noted in those under 5 years. The rates presented for 1984-1986 are higher than those previously described for England and Wales. Statistically significant variation in incidence was seen both between counties and districts. At electoral ward level regression analyses were suggestive of links between AML and higher social class and living close to estuaries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The Leukaemia Research Fund Data Collection Study: descriptive epidemiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

This paper reports on cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) recorded by a specialist registry of hematopoietic malignancies. The cases have been diagnosed since January 1, 1984, and originate from certain parts of the United Kingdom. The information is analyzed by age, sex, and area of residence at diagnosis. The age distribution shows a childhood peak but fails to show an adult peak previously reported in literature from abroad. At a broad geographic level the county of Cumbria is shown to display the highest rates of ALL in all ages both in the 3 years of formal analyses (1984-1986) and in the 2 recent years. The administrative districts of Copeland, Sedgemoor, and North Devon also show excesses in all ages with Copeland having the highest SRR and level of statistical significance. This is a new observation for Copeland, the district containing the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing facility in that the high rates are for all ages of ALL. These new data were not considered in earlier official reports about that area. A regression analysis at electoral ward level shows no statistically significant association but excesses of cases, which are mirrored in a larger "all leukemias" data set, occur in wards near estuaries (a new observation) and in the upper socioeconomic groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Aplastic anaemia incidence in parts of the United Kingdom in 1985.

This paper describes the distribution of new cases of aplastic anaemia in parts of the UK in 1985. The age, sex and spatial pattern are described. Special attention is given to the investigation of five childhood cases which occurred close in space and time. The results are contrasted with similar data from elsewhere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: case control epidemiological study in Yorkshire.

This paper reports the results of a case control study of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the Yorkshire Health Region. In all, 437 cases and 724 controls were interviewed. Risk factors associated with past skin conditions, family history of cancer and infectious mononucleosis, aspects of social life and contact with wood dust and epoxy glues all emerge. A comparison of high and low grade morphological forms of disease reveal contrasting risks and suggest separate aetiologies for these conditions.

England↗
PubMed1988

Polymorphic N-acetylation capacity in lung cancer.

Hepatic N-acetylation phenotype has been suggested to be an important risk factor in the aetiology of bladder cancer. This study explores the N-acetylation capacity of a series of lung cancer cases (126) and two control groups. No overall association of slow or rapid acetylators exists between cancer patients and controls. There is also no difference in the distribution of acetylation phenotypes amongst the histological subtypes.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1988

Malignant melanoma, benzoyl peroxide and acne: a pilot epidemiological case-control investigation.

A case-control study utilizing available medical records was carried out to investigate possible links between use of topical benzoyl peroxide for acne, and malignant melanoma. One hundred and fifty nine cases and 213 matched controls were used in the analysis which shows no significant association between the use of benzoyl peroxide and the occurrence of malignant melanoma, nor between the occurrence of acne and malignant melanoma.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1988

Acne vulgaris and malignancy.

Seventy patients with lymphomas and leukaemias were interviewed. Details of past acne vulgaris were recorded and a clinical examination performed. A history of acne was less common in the patients than in matched controls. In addition, fewer patients had received treatment prescribed by a medical practitioner for their acne than had the controls. Examination revealed fewer patients with acne. These results suggest a reduced incidence of acne or its more severe forms in patients who have developed lymphomas and leukemias, and provide some support for the hypothesis that increased exposure or response to P. acnes, as appears to occur with acne, could confer protection against malignant disease.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1988

A cluster of three cases of aplastic anaemia in children.

During a 2-week period three unrelated children presented with severe aplastic anaemia at a general hospital serving a population of 25,000 children aged 0-15 years. The probability of this occurring by chance alone was 0.00009 (exact probability cluster analysis). Serology for common viral infections including hepatitis A & B and infectious mononucleosis was negative. It was not possible to demonstrate IgM antibodies to human parvovirus (HPV) by radioimmunoprecipitation or HPV virions by DNA hybridization in the patients or any members of their families. Epidemiological investigation failed to demonstrate a common environmental toxin. It did reveal, however, that all three patients had spent time, within the preceding 3 months in a swimming pool and its surrounding area in a region of Cardiff where none of them resided. Pool maintenance was satisfactory and water analysis showed no abnormality. The possibility must remain that the cluster was caused by an undisclosed environmental toxin.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1988

Acute myeloid leukemia in adults: a case-control study in Yorkshire.

This paper reports the results of a case-control analysis of 161 cases of acute myeloid leukemia and 310 matched hospital controls. The patients were interviewed between 1982 and 1986. The study shows a weak association for cases with previous malignant disease. Furnace workers show excess risks. Urticaria and vertigo are in excess, as well as some aspects of family medical histories, including multiple sclerosis and cases of leukemia/lymphoma in blood relations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia: epidemiology and etiologic findings.

Important features of the descriptive epidemiology of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) are briefly reviewed including geographic and ethnic patterns, racial differences, age, sex, and other sociodemographic characteristics. Two case-control studies of CLL recently carried out by the authors in Baltimore, USA and Yorkshire, England are described. Selected findings from the two studies are presented and compared including familial occurrence of leukemia, lymphoma and other cancers; post medical history of subacute and chronic bacterial and viral infections, autoimmune diseases, allergic disorders, and surgical excision of lymphoid tissue; and prior medication use. The results are consistent with genetic predisposition although it is probable that environmental determinants are important in the etiology, given the substantial sporadic occurrence of CLL within families. Several of the findings also provide support for an association of CLL with preceding immune perturbation.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Identification of human herpesvirus 6-specific DNA sequences in two patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a recently discovered virus which has not been causally linked to any particular disease. In order to investigate the possible role of this virus in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies, we examined tissue samples from 117 patients for the presence of HHV-6-specific DNA sequences. Two cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were found to be positive. One patient had a T cell lymphoma and a preceding history of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy; the other had a B cell lymphoma occurring in the context of Sjögren's syndrome. HHV-6 has been isolated previously from a patient with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy, and viral sequences have been identified in another patient with Sjögren's syndrome and B cell lymphoma. The relationship between HHV-6 and these conditions therefore warrants further investigation.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Acetylator status and its relationship to breast cancer and other diseases of the breast.

The distribution of N-acetylation phenotypes has been investigated in 410 consecutive patients prior to diagnostic excision of a breast lump and compared to that in 337 healthy controls. Contrary to previously published data there was no excess incidence of fast acetylators in patients with malignant breast disease. There was, however, a significant trend for more rapid acetylator ratios to be associated with advanced disease at first presentation. There was a slight but non-significant excess of fast acetylators in patients with benign breast disease as compared to controls, but there were no significant differences in the proportion of the acetylator phenotypes between cystic breast diseases with or without epithelial hyperplasia. There were no significant associations between oestrogen and progestogen receptors and the acetylator phenotype. It is concluded that the acetylation phenotype has no important association with malignant breast disease.

Acetylation↗
PubMed1987

Epidemiology of the lymphomas in the United Kingdom: recent developments.

A discussion of the difficulties associated with classification of the lymphomas, particularly by subtype, precedes the descriptive epidemiology of the disease. Recent data collected in the United Kingdom and Yorkshire are presented to illustrate demographic features and variations in lymphoma incidence, both in relation to certain time periods and geographical distribution. Lymphoma aetiology is addressed in the light of current epidemiological approaches, using as an example data from a Yorkshire based case-control study. Three broad areas of aetiological significance--genetics, viruses and immunity--form the bases for presenting descriptions of known or suspected aetiological factors associated with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The final overview points the way to relevant future research.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: case control epidemiological study in Yorkshire.

This is the second report of a large case control study of lymphoma/leukaemia occurring in Yorkshire during 1979-84, and deals with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia presenting either in its haematological (CLL) or more solid lymphomatous (malignant lymphoma-lymphocytic or MLL) forms. In all, 330 cases and 561 controls were interviewed. The results support the concept that CLL/MLL is a condition of multiple aetiologies with evidence for genetic predisposition through an excess of family cases, immune perturbation demonstrated by excessive previous skin diseases and phenylbutazone use, and viral involvement shown by links with infectious diseases and multiple sclerosis.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions↗
PubMed1987

Variation in lymphoma incidence within Yorkshire Health Region.

The spatial distribution of new cases of lymphoma occurring in Yorkshire between 1978 and 1982 has been studied. Administrative districts were used as the basis for analysis and differences in age standardised incidence rates between districts were determined. Excessive rates for NHL were found to occur in Scarborough, York and Leeds districts. In addition an analysis contrasting broadly urban and rural districts showed an excess of NHL in rural areas, particularly of the follicular subtypes.

Adolescent↗